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Biomedical subjects

J Schubert

Publications and source records attributed to J Schubert.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The individuality of teenage mothers and its implication for intervention strategies.

An exploratory longitudinal research project of teenage mothers and their infants was carried out, involving intensive study of a small number of cases. Four case studies from the research are presented which illustrate the tremendous differences between teenage mothers, their support systems and the need for and success of intervention. The cases also show the need to individualize support to teenage mothers and suggest that routine structured classes on child development and parenting skills are not always necessary or sufficient. The cases also suggest that there are at least three types of teenage mother-infant pairs each of which will require a different level of intervention, ranging from Level I to Level IV. A plea is made for the individualization of services to teenage mothers depending on the strengths, emotional capacities and needs of the mother and her infant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Histomorphologic studies of prostate biopsies, prostatectomy preparations and lymph node metastases in prostatic cancer].

Histomorphological studies on 40 prostatectomy and 122 lymphadenectomy preparations from patients with carcinoma of the prostate revealed the limits of prostate biopsy in assessing the volume of the tumour preoperatively, of capsule infiltration and of tumour histology in general. Multiple foci, the exclusion of dedifferentiated portions of a tumour and the lack of correlation between the histology of primary tumours and the degree of lymphogenous metastasis are limiting factors in the individual use of the histology of primary tumours for grading purposes. Our studies furthermore revealed the necessity for differentiated consideration of the category T3 and for intraoperative microscopic examination of resection margins in total prostatavesiculectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Incorporation of ganglioside analogues into fibroblast cell membranes. A spin-label study.

The uptake of ganglioside analogues by a permanent mouse fibroblast cell line has been studied by radio-tracer techniques and ESR spectroscopy with 3H- and nitroxide-labeled compounds. Analogues of GM1, GM2, and GM3 monosialogangliosides and of GD1a and GD3 disialogangliosides were synthesized. The spin-label group was situated on the 5-, 9-, or 13-carbon atom of the C18 fatty acid chain, and the 3H label was in the carbohydrate moiety. Part of the ganglioside associated with the cells could be removed by trypsin treatment and was shown to consist of ganglioside micelles attached to the cell surface. The trypsin-resistant component displayed characteristic anisotropic ESR spectra which closely resembled those of the same spin-labeled analogues at low dilution in liposomes prepared from the extracted cell lipids. The flexibility gradient, polarity profile, and temperature dependence displayed by the spectra were similar to those found for fluid phospholipid bilayer model membranes, and the high effective order parameters suggested a location in the cell plasma membrane. Similar results were obtained for all the different ganglioside analogues, indicating a common anchoring region in the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. Under the incubation conditions used the amount of trypsin-resistant ganglioside analogue taken up by the cells was about 15 nmol/mg of cellular protein, irrespective of the nature of the oligosaccharide moiety. By use of the natural ganglioside [3H]GM3, the trypsin-resistant uptake was about 19 nmol/mg of cellular protein. Although these amounts are quite similar, the uptake kinetics differed between the true ganglioside GM3 and the ganglioside analogues.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Mother-infant interactions of teen-age mothers as measured at six months in a natural setting.

Mother-infant interaction of 14 teen-age mothers and their six-month-old infants was observed in the home and compared with that of 12 women 20 years or older and their infants. A further group was designated a "noncontact" group and was seen only at the beginning and end of the first year and was a control for research intervention or experimenter effects. Teen-agers showed few significant differences from older mothers in their mothering skills as measured by simple frequency distributions of individual behaviors and social interaction. Transitional probabilities and flow of interaction matrixes also revealed few significant differences. Like previous studies, the present study found that teen-age mothers showed high warmth and physical interaction but low verbal interaction with their infants. Support of the mothers through experience in the observational sessions may have influenced the results. The possibility is noted of differences in patterns of mothering as the infant develops.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The value of various methods for determining lymphatic metastases in prostatic carcinoma.

A series of 102 prostatic carcinoma patients was subjected to en bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy. The lymph nodes were collected in groups and examined with the help of the serial section method. An exact N determination is possible by means of the size and location of the lymph node metastases. Compared with this method, the following procedures were critically evaluated: pedal lymphography, excretory urography, clinical examination, explorative lymphadenectomy and pelvic vasography. The results of computer tomography, lymph node biopsy, prostatic lymphography and lymphoscintigraphy are indirectly evaluated. The invasiveness of en bloc lymphadenectomy is discussed.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[The significance of pelvic lymph-node status in prostatic cancer].

The formation of metastases of carcinoma of the prostate has become more significant since the introduction of en-bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy using the serial-cut method. Lymphogenous evacuation of the pelvis occurs increasingly with advanced and dedifferentiated primary tumours. However, it can be found with low categories of tumours and differentiated carcinomas. pLA is superior to all other procedures for N-determination. If suitably indicated it allows a localized tumour process to be confirmed. Lymphatic oedemas are the most frequent complications. These can be largely avoided by retention of lacunary lymph nodes or primary fitting of lympho-nodo-venous anastomoses.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

[Biological behavior of prostatic carcinoma. I. Histochemical studies of enzyme activities in primary tumors].

Enzyme histochemical investigations of prostatic carcinoma were done by means of reference enzymes of different metabolic pathways. The results of these investigations show, that the loss of typical enzymatic design is not depending on histological grade of tumor differentiation. On the contrary each prostatic carcinoma represents a heterogenic population without any specificity. The morphological pattern alone does not allow conclusions as to degree of malignancy.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

[Biological behavior of prostatic carcinoma. II. Clinico-surgical studies on lymphogenic metastasizing of prostatic carcinoma].

Some aspects of biological behaviour of prostatic carcinoma can be clarified by investigations of the occurrence of lymphatic metastases in relation to tumor-criteria. Our results with 70 pelvic lymphadenectomies do not show any correlation between lymphatic metastases and certain parameters of primary tumor. The existence of lymphatic metastases is found not only in high T-categories but also in "incidental" carcinoma and well-differentiated tumor. Thus we recognize a biological individuality of each prostatic carcinoma. On the bases of our lymphadenectomy series we also found inability of lymphography in the exact determination of the N-category in 50%. We conclude from our investigations, that the individual morphological pattern of prostatic carcinoma is not able to indicate the degree of malignancy or to influence therapeutic proceedings.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[High-voltage therapy of prostate cancer].

High-voltage therapy is becoming increasingly important as a form of individual differential therapy of carcinoma of the prostate. Around 40% of all patients with a diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate can be treated with high-voltage therapy. The precondition is the absence of bone and soft-tissue metastases and of juxtaregional lymph-node metastases. Individual carcinoma therapy is based on pre-therapeutic tumor classification according to the TNM system. The 5-year survival rates are presented from a retrospective study carried out using primary radiation monotherapy and a combined hormone and radiation therapy; these figures were calculated by the life-table method. The study revealed no significant differences between the two forms of therapy as regards 5-year survival rates. The 5-year survival rates of all patients of the classifications T0-T3Nx-N2M0 irradiated (n: 198) (72% +/- 11% for hormone plus radiation therapy and 74% +/- 11% for radiation monotherapy) did not differ greatly from those of a normal male population of the same age (77%). High-voltage therapy of carcinoma of the prostate can thus be classified as a curative method of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Teenage pregnancy: family syndrome?

A short term, longitudinal study was conducted in order to explore selected psychosocial characteristics of fourteen teenagers aged sixteen years or younger who became mothers, the subsequent interaction of the mother-infant dyads, and the development and attachment of their infants at twelve months. The sample was matched for socioeconomic and marital status, intellectual ability and ethnicity with non-pregnant teenagers and pregnant women twenty years or older. The subjects were given a psychological and social history test battery. The groups did not differ significantly on the personality tests. The pregnant women reported a significantly poorer daughter-father relationship than the nonpregnant controls. In a high proportion of cases it was found that their fathers were absent or ineffectual and the homes mother-ridden. The interview data suggest that a large number of the pregnancies were psychologically motivated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Prevention of experimentally induced cleft palate in mice.

Cleft palate was induced by giving cyclophosphamide (CPA) to pregnant mice on different days of pregnancy. Application of Solcoseryl, an oxygen stimulating, protein-free extract of the blood of calves, modified the teratogenic and embryolethal effect of CPA and significantly decreased the frequency of cleft palate (from over 70% to about 20% in some groups). This study supports the clinical findings of a reduction in the incidence of facial clefting in man following application of Solcoseryl and vitamins (Gabka, 1975).

Actihaemyl↗
PubMed1982

[Lymphogenic metastases in prostatic cancer--operative and histopathologic investigations ].

The necessary application of a differentiated therapy for prostatic cancer requires the involvement of the N-category for determining the therapy. Hitherto existing statements on the lymphogenic metastases of this tumor have been made by means of method whose statements have been limited by the non-presentability of the pelvic lymph nodes, inflammatory-degeneratively changed lymph nodes, and micrometastases. The pelvic en-bloc-lymphadenectomy has been performed and the lymph nodes prepared in successive cuts in the light of a functional patient series of 93 prostatic cancer patients. The standardized procedure allowed statements on the distribution of the pelvic lymph nodes and the corresponding metastases, the size of the metastases and their histologic structure. In prostatic cancer is a high percentage of micrometastases. Lymphogenic metastases can already be detected in low tumor categories, on the other hand metastases are not obligatory in advanced tumors. There is no correlation between the histologic degrees of differentiation of the primary tumor and the lymphogenic metastases. Compared with the metastasis histology the primary tumor histology reveals a distinct morphologic change. According to present investigations, the lymphogenic metastases occur prior to the bone metastases. Since pelvic lymphogenic metastases cannot be covered exactly by means of the conventional methods as well as the metastases cannot be estimated in the single case, there is the necessity for making the pelvic en-bloc-lymphadenectomy before performing a localized tumor treatment such as prostatic vesiculectomy or tele cobalt therapy.

Humans↗