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Biomedical subjects

J Schroeder

Publications and source records attributed to J Schroeder.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Informed consent: the use of inpatients as teaching-patients for sophomore medical students.

The preservation of patient's rights is an important issue in medical education that has not been addressed adequately in relation to informed consent for the teaching of history and physical examination skills to beginning medical students who are not yet functioning as a part of the health care team. In an attempt to assure informed consent and basic patients' rights and to instruct patient volunteers about the teaching-patient role and its importance to effective medical education, the authors developed a nonphysician patient-advocate-interviewer (PAI) model. The usefulness of the model was evaluated by comparing the perceptions of two groups of volunteer patients and the students for whom they served as teaching patients. Members of volunteer patient group I had a PAI, while group II volunteers were selected and interviewed only by a medical resident. Group I patients were significantly better informed about the teaching-patient's role for which they were volunteering and its importance to medical education and were more comfortable in their student history and physical examination session than were group II patients.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1977

Senior medical students as patient-preceptors to introduce basic history and physical examination skills to second year medical students.

Senior medical students are used as the patient and the preceptor to introduce the fundamentals of history taking and physical examination to sophomore medical students and this technique compared to the established method for teaching basic skills at the University of Iowa. Senior medical students were equally as effective as staff (residents, fellows, and faculty) in teaching the techniques of history and physical examination and statistically better than staff in providing the sophomore with a) suggestions as to how to improve their technique, and b) how their approach might affect the patient's attitude and behavior.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Poly(A)-containing RNA from Petroselinum hortense: isolation, properties and messenger function in vitro.

Cell suspension cultures from parsley (Petroselinum hortense Hoffm.) were labelled in vivo with [2-3H] adenosine. The RNA isolated from the ribosomal pellet was fractionated on an oligo(dT)-cellulose column. Approximately 1.5% of the RNA, representing about 15% of the total radioactivity, was retained at high salt concentrations and eluted at low ionic strength. As determined by two independent methods, this fraction contained poly(A) segments with an average length of about 80 nucleotides. It was active as template in a cell-free system from wheat germ, directing the synthesis of peptides ranging in molecular weight from about 4000-40000 daltons.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1970

Bacteriochlorophyll, fatty-acid, and protein synthesis in relation to thylakoid formation in mutant strains of Rhodospirillum rubrum.

Mutant strains of Rhodospirillum rubrum are isolated which are blocked in different stages of pigment synthesis. In these strains the morphogenesis of thylakoids and the pigment production are investigated. Concerning bacteriochlorophyll synthesis two groups of mutants are separable. The members of the first group synthesize bacteriochlorophyll. Some of these mutants excrete bacteriopheophytin. The strains of the second group are not able to synthesize bacteriochlorophyll. Members of both groups excrete bacteriochlorophyll precursors into the cultural medium. These pigments were identified by their spectral properties as Mg-2,4-divinyl-pheoporphyrin a(5)-monomethylester, pheophorbide a, and 2-devinyl-2-hydroxyethyl-pheophorbide a. Thylakoids are only formed by those strains which are able to synthesize bacteriochlorophyll. However, small amounts of bacteriochlorophyll can be produced without a concomitant thylakoid synthesis. The fatty-acid pattern in some mutants is modified quantitatively. However, the results do not indicate any correlation between disturbance of thylakoid morphogenesis and a deviation of fatty-acid composition. Fatty acids seem to have no special functions in thylakoid morphogenesis. The membranes of the mutants were isolated, split into protein subunits, and these were separated by disc electrophoresis. A characteristic protein pattern, first of all a high content of fraction E, is correlated with the ability to form thylakoids. In addition, all mutants which synthesize bacteriochlorophyll contain a fast-migrating membrane protein (zone G). The results suggest that the whole bacteriochlorophyll-protein complex is necessary for thylakoid formation.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Embolization of a rubber disc from a hemostasis valve: technical note.

After coronary angioplasty, a patient experienced a sudden onset of claudication at the side of the vascular entry. Angiography demonstrated an isolated high-grade stenosis at the bifurcation of the distal popliteal artery. Thrombolysis and angioplasty were unsuccessful. Surgical exploration showed a rubber disc with attached thrombus to be the cause of obstruction.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced in vitro tumor cell retention and internalization of antibody derivatized with synthetic peptides.

The Fab fragments of two antitumor monoclonal antibodies, NR-ML-05 and NR-LU-10, have been covalently derivatized with synthetic peptides designed to provide secondary sites of attachment to enhance their retention on tumor cells. Analogs of the peptide "GALA", an amphipathic peptide previously reported to interact with uncharged lipid bilayers, gave antibody conjugates of different molecular weight and bound peptide stoichiometry when attached to Fab fragments using the heterobifunctional cross-linker sulfo-SMCC. This attached peptide enhanced the retention and internalization of Fab fragments of NR-ML-05 on FEMX human melanoma cells, but not of NR-LU-10 on HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells, indicating that this effect might be specific for individual tumor antigen-antibody systems. This peptide appeared to increase nonspecific interactions of the conjugate with antigen-negative cells. Other membrane-active peptides were also tested. None were as effective as the "GALA" analogs. A synthetic ion channel peptide attached to NR-ML-05 Fab exhibited the greatest enhanced internalization of these tested peptides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parvovirus B19 VP2-proteins produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: comparison with VP2-particles produced by baculovirus-derived vectors.

The capsids of human parvovirus B19 consist of two structural proteins, the minor-capsid protein VP1 and the major-capsid protein VP2. The latter which constitutes for 95% of the capsid are able to form virus-like particles (VLPs) in yeast without the presence of VP1-proteins. VP2-proteins produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have the capacity to form VLPs in the absence of VP1-proteins. These yeast-derived VLPs resemble native virus or recombinant VP2-VLPs produced by baculovirus systems in respect of size, molecular weight and of antigenicity as shown by antigen-capture ELISA and T-cell proliferation tests. Regarding costs, yield and ease of handling particle production in yeast represents an alternative to the recombinant baculovirus expression system which is so far the source for VP2-VLPs of human parvovirus B19.

Baculoviridae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Skin cancer screening campaign in the German speaking Community of Belgium.

The incidence of primary malignant melanoma (MM) and skin carcinomas, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), is progressively raising. As long as their diagnosis and therapeutic managements are initiated early, their prognosis remains favorable. This underlines the importance of early recognition of skin cancers. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that skin cancer screening programs are efficacious in increasing the population awareness of the early signs of skin cancer and of the dangers of UV - exposure. A skin cancer screening campaign was organised by dermatologists of the German-speaking Community of Belgium in cooperation with the Department of Family, Health, and Social Affairs of the Regional Ministry of the German-speaking Community of Belgium. In order to increase the screening selectivity, two risk populations were targeted; patients presenting 30 or more moles, and patients over 50 years of age presenting recent skin changes of the head and neck area. A media campaign using radio, television and daily press was started to increase the population awareness of the dangers of UV exposure and of the early signs of skin cancer. During 2 screening days, three-hour sessions were organised in 2 health centers located in Eupen and St Vith. A total of 148 patients were examined. A total of 124/148 patients met the selection criteria predefined during the media announcement. The simultaneous presence of 4 dermatologists during the screening sessions allowed a second opinion for warning lesions. Four BBCs as well as 23 patients pesenting dysplastic nevi were clinically diagnosed. During the 2 months following the screening campaign 5 MMs were identified by the same dermatologists in their routine practice. In conclusion, this skin cancer screening campaign led to the diagnosis of 4 carcinomas. The campaign furthermore increased the patient awareness, permitting the diagnosis of 5 MMs during the 2 following months. This figure represents about 30% of all MMs diagnosed yearly in this region of Belgium.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cost containment: coadministration of diltiazem with cyclosporine after heart transplantation.

Coadministration of diltiazem with cyclosporine (CsA) has been reported to alter the metabolism of CsA, resulting in increased blood concentration with potential nephrotoxicity if dosage is not adjusted. This report analyzes the cost saving resulting from use of diltiazem and CsA together and examines the impact on renal function. Sixty-nine heart transplant recipients (59 men, 10 women) were randomized to diltiazem (n = 32) or to no calcium blocker (n = 37). Age range was 18 to 58 years. All patients received CsA (titrated to a 12-hour trough serum level of 100 to 200 ng/ml), azathioprine, and prednisone. Diltiazem was begun at 30 mg three times daily increasing to 60 mg three times daily at 1 month, as tolerated. Renal function was assessed by serial measurements of serum creatinine. Parameters before and after starting diltiazem were compared by paired t-tests, and differences between group means by analysis of variance. CsA doses and levels were comparable at baseline in both groups. At 12 months, CsA dose requirement was 2.5 +/- 1.0 versus 5.9 +/- 3.2 mg/kg/day (diltiazem group versus no calcium blocker group; p less than or equal to 0.001) to achieve similar serum levels (96 +/- 51 versus 123 +/- 96 ng/ml; p = NS). This represents a 48% reduction in dose cost of CsA. The average cost of CsA for 2 to 4 months of therapy in a patient weighing 70 kg was reduced from $12,122 in the no calcium blocker group to $6,356 in the diltiazem group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cost Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A statewide early defibrillation initiative including laypersons and outcome reporting.

Rapid delivery of defibrillatory shocks increases survival in patients with cardiac arrest. The automated external defibrillator interprets cardiac rhythms and delivers electrical shocks, permitting appropriate defibrillation by persons with minimal training. California initiated a program for early defibrillation by basic emergency medical technicians, using manual or automated external defibrillators, and by public safety personnel (fire fighters, peace officers, and public lifeguards), using automated external defibrillators. The program includes a system for reporting outcomes statewide. In the first 46 months under this program, 1487 patients received defibrillatory shocks; 1009 (68%) of these patients had witnessed ventricular fibrillation. Of the latter group, 191 were discharged from the hospital, representing 19% of those with witnessed ventricular fibrillation and 13% of all patients who had had shocks applied. California also implemented a framework of training and medical direction for defibrillation by laypersons using automated external defibrillators. Early defibrillation by basic emergency medical technicians and public safety personnel, encouraged by appropriate regulatory changes, results in gratifying survival rates.

California↗