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J Schrijver

Publications and source records attributed to J Schrijver.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Marginal nutritional status among institutionalized elderly women as compared to those living more independently (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

The nutritional status (assessed by anthropometric indices, and biochemical and hematological variables in blood) of three groups of elderly women (aged > or = 65 years) was evaluated within the framework of the Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System. The groups were composed of women living in a nursing home (n = 51), women living in service flats and receiving their dinners from the nursing home kitchen (n = 29), and women living independently (n = 52). Mean blood levels of folate, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, albumin, selenium and total cholesterol were significantly (p < 0.05) lower among nursing home women. Among these women a biochemical deficiency was frequently found for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (73%), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (57%), vitamin C (38%), selenium (30%) and folate (28%). These nutritional risks were largely independent of each other. Since folate and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were associated with several clinicochemical indicators, health status may be an important determining factor for this unfavorable situation. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were associated with limited exposure to ultraviolet radiation and nonusage of vitamin D supplements. We conclude that dietary intake variables are not the only determinants of a marginal nutritional status among nursing home women. Use of foods with a high nutrient density should be encouraged, whereas other preventive measures are needed to improve vitamin D status.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Effect of an exchange transfusion on plasma antioxidants in the newborn.

The effect of an exchange transfusion on antioxidants in the plasma of newborns with rhesus hemolytic disease was studied. The antioxidant concentrations in donor blood were similar to normal adult values except for the lower vitamin C concentrations. Exchange transfusion decreased the newborns' iron and ferritin levels and increased their ceruloplasmin and transferrin (primary antioxidants) concentrations and latent iron-binding capacity. The changes in secondary antioxidant concentrations were variable; uric acid and thiols were stable, vitamin C and bilirubin fell, and vitamin E rose. The total peroxyl-radical trapping capacity of the secondary antioxidants did not change significantly. The fall in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an index of lipid peroxidation, was related to the lower levels present in the donor blood. Exchange transfusion rapidly produced variable changes in the concentrations of prooxidant and antioxidant substances in plasma and may thus influence free radical metabolism in the newborn.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Determination of several retinoids, carotenoids and E vitamers by high-performance liquid chromatography. Application to plasma and tissues of rats fed a diet rich in either beta-carotene or canthaxanthin.

A method, using two different systems, is described for the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, alpha-, beta- and gamma-carotene, beta-apo-6'-, beta-apo-8', beta-apo-10'- and beta-apo-12'-carotenal, ethyl beta-apo-8'-carotenoate, alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl acetate. The first system consists of a laboratory-packed Hypersil-ODS 3-microns column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-methylene chloride-methanol-water (70:10:15:5, v/v). The second system consists of a laboratory-packed Hypersil-ODS 3-microns column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-methylene chloride-methanol-water (70:10:15:5, v/v). The second system consists of a laboratory-packed Nucleosil C18 3-microns column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1 M ammonium acetate (80:20, v/v). The detection limits in standard solutions were 10 ng/ml for retinoids and carotenoids and 60 ng/ml for the E vitamers. Analysis of the tissues and plasma of rats, after 2 weeks on a diet supplemented with either beta-carotene or canthaxanthin (both 2 mg/g), led to the conclusion that the rats were able both to transport and store beta-carotene and canthaxanthin and to convert beta-carotene to retinol. Incubation of cytosol preparations from the mucosa of the small intestine of rat with 1 microgram of beta-carotene resulted in the formation of 10-20 ng of retinal within 1 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Nutritional status and food consumption in 10-11 year old Dutch boys (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

As part of the Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System, cardiovascular risk factors and food consumption (24 h recall) as well as haematological, Fe and vitamin status (A, B6, C) were assessed in 126 Dutch boys aged 10-11 years (response 71%). Body mass index (BMI) and the sum of four skinfolds were strongly associated (r 0.85, P less than 0.01) and 8% of the boys were overweight (BMI greater than 20.1 kg/m2). Elevated serum total cholesterol levels (greater than 4.4 mmol/l) were observed in 38%; total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were strongly associated (r 0.88, P less than 0.001). Intake of fat was high (38% of energy) and too much fat was saturated (polyunsaturated: saturated 0.44, guideline: 0.5-1.0), whereas intake of carbohydrate (49% of energy) and dietary fibre was low. About 12% of the boys had insufficient Fe stores (plasma ferritin less than 12.0 micrograms/l) and the mean Fe intake (9.0 mg/d) was below recommended daily allowance (10.0 mg/d). Plasma ferritin was, however, not associated with haematological indices and no frank anaemias were observed. No marginal values were observed for vitamins A, B6 and C status. In conclusion, the main nutritional risks in boys aged 10-11 years are cardiovascular risk factors and Fe nutrition.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1991

Vitamin C analysis in whole blood, plasma and cells using reduced glutathione as preservative (stabilizer): losses and redistribution.

The losses and redistribution of vitamin C in blood fractions (stabilized with reduced glutathione) during 4 hours of storage at room temperature in the dark was studied among 27 elderly women. Storage did not have a statistically significant (p greater than 0.05) effect on the mean vitamin C levels in cells, plasma and whole blood. The results point to a redistribution of vitamin C among blood fractions. It is concluded that vitamin C concentrations in cells rather than in plasma should be the principal indicator of the vitamin C status when blood (stabilized with reduced glutathione) is stored at room temperature before specimen handling.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Iron overload, free radical damage, and rhesus haemolytic disease.

To test the hypothesis that iron overload induces free radical damage in rhesus haemolytic disease (RHD), cord blood plasma of babies with RHD was compared with that of controls matched for gestational age. Babies with RHD had higher ferritin levels, lower latent iron-binding capacity, increased concentrations of lipid-peroxidation products, and low vitamin C levels. Plasma of 3 RHD babies did not inhibit peroxidation stress. These findings, of iron overload and free radical damage, have implications for treatment of RHD.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1990

Vitamins and lung cancer.

Several factors are known to promote the development of a lung cancer. Smoking, occupation, environment, chronic bronchitis, and scars in the lung are all risk factors. Many studies have stressed the importance of nutrition, in particular vitamins. Vitamin A is necessary for cell differentiation. Retrospective and prospective studies have proven the inverse relation between provitamin A, beta-carotene, and lung cancer of the squamous and oat cell types. Studies in which beta-carotene or natural vitamin A are supplied to smokers, controls, and patients after resection for lung cancer are in progress. The study of other vitamins such as vitamin C and vitamin E has not led to definitive conclusions. The trace element selenium may also exert a beneficial effect.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1990

Nutrition and aging: nutritional status of "apparently healthy" elderly (Dutch nutrition surveillance system).

In a nationwide survey the nutritional status was assessed of 539 apparently healthy, independently living elderly aged 65-79 years. Anthropometric data showed no energy deficits. The prevalence of anemia was 4 and 1% among men and women, respectively. Many elderly showed a low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma (less than 31 nmol/L: men 35%; women 43%), indicating a marginal status. Although the prevalence of low blood levels of folate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, and total carotenoids was higher among the elderly than among younger adults, clear (clinical) signs of nutritional deficiencies were not observed. Prevalence of obesity (13%), hypercholesterolemia (38%), and hypertension (63%) was found to be high, the percentages being higher for women than for men. Several indicators of the nutritional status appeared to differ among age groups. It is concluded that few differences can be considered as being due to physiological aging, which finding should be reflected in reference values for elderly people.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Effect of dietary fiber on the vitamin B6 status among vegetarian and nonvegetarian elderly (Dutch nutrition surveillance system).

To obtain more insight into the effect of dietary fiber on vitamin B6 status among elderly people, we studied dietary interrelationships as well as associations between dietary intake and plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) and cofactor stimulation of aspartate aminotransferase in erythrocytes (EAST-AC) among 441 nonvegetarian (aged 65-79) and 32 vegetarian elderly (aged 65-94). EAST-AC was found to be inversely related with intake of vitamin B6 and dietary fiber in bivariate regression analyses. After adjustment for age, intake of energy, protein, and fiber, the intake of vitamin B6 was still inversely related with EAST-AC. The association between EAST-AC and dietary fiber disappeared in the multivariate analysis, whereas total protein intake proved to be positively related with EAST-AC in the multivariate analysis only. The differences between bi- and multivariate analyses are most likely due to the observed interrelationships between intake of vitamin B6, fiber, and protein. It is concluded that dietary fiber does not have a significant impact on the vitamin B6 status among Dutch elderly people, since only protein (positively) and vitamin B6 (inversely) intake appeared to be related with EAST-AC in the multivariate analysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Controlled vitamin C restriction and physical performance in volunteers.

A double-blind study on the effects of vitamin C restriction on physical performance was executed with 12 healthy men. During seven weeks of low vitamin C intake six subjects were on a daily diet of regular food products, providing 20% of the Dutch Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for vitamin C (Dutch RDA is 50 mg/day). Other vitamins were supplemented at twice the RDA level. After three weeks of low vitamin intake an additional vitamin C dose of 15 mg/day was provided, resulting in a total intake of 25 mg/day (50% of the Dutch RDA). Six control subjects consumed the same diet supplemented with twice the RDA for all vitamins. In the restriction group blood vitamin C levels decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). Vitamin C restriction had no harmful effects on health, aerobic power (VO2-max), and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). However, an increased heart rate at OBLA level was observed during the period of low vitamin C intake (p less than 0.05), possibly by interference with either catecholamine or carnitine metabolism. These results suggest that short-term marginal vitamin C deficiency does not affect physical performance in single bouts of intensive exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Long-term effects of a vegetarian diet on the nutritional status of elderly people (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

The health and nutritional status (anthropometry, and blood and urine biochemistry) of 44 Dutch apparently healthy vegetarians, aged 65-97 years, refraining from meat, fish, and poultry consumption, was assessed for insight into long-term consequences of ovo-lacto- or lacto-vegetarianism. The results indicate that in comparison to omnivorous elderly the vegetarian elderly (especially men) have aged successfully with respect to cardiovascular risk factors. In contrast, vegetarian elderly are at a higher risk for a marginal iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 status. Although several vegetarian elderly showed low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma and many had low values of 24-hr urine volume (per kg body weight), these values are not likely the result of a vegetarian diet per se. It is concluded that, although some nutrition-related risks are prevalent among vegetarian elderly, these risks can probably be prevented by lifestyle changes.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1990

Dependence of vitamin B-6 status assessment on alcohol intake among elderly men and women (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

To obtain more insight into the effect of moderate alcohol intake on vitamin B-6 status indicators, we studied the associations of alcohol intake (unadjusted and adjusted for intake of vitamin B-6 and protein) with the erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activation coefficient (EAST-AC) and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) level. Data obtained from men (n = 224) and women (n = 217) aged 65-79 (nationwide sample in the Netherlands) were used for this purpose. Although alcohol intake (a maximum of 21% of the energy came from alcohol) tended to be positively associated with PLP, this association never reached statistical significance (p greater than or equal to 0.05). EAST-AC was inversely associated with alcohol intake, whether or not it was adjusted for vitamin B-6 and protein intake. Similar results were found for the total EAST activity (after adding PLP) or apoenzyme activity; the basal EAST activity (before adding PLP) or holoenzyme activity was not associated with the alcohol intake. These results indicate that caution is needed in the interpretation of the specificity of EAST-AC (i.e., the degree to which EAST-AC is unaffected by other factors) as an indicator of vitamin B-6 intake.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Mild vitamin A deficiency and risk of respiratory tract diseases and diarrhea in preschool and school children in northeastern Thailand.

A cross-sectional study, a follow-up study, and an intervention trial were carried out to investigate the association between mild vitamin A deficiency and the occurrence of diarrhea and respiratory diseases. Cross-sectional analysis was performed among 1,772 children, aged 1-8 years, in the Sakon Nakhon province of northeastern Thailand. Children with a history of diarrhea or respiratory disease had lower levels of serum retinol and retinol-binding protein. Adjusted for age, sex, nutritional status, and level of urbanization, logistic regression using data for 877 children showed a negative association between serum retinol and both diarrhea and respiratory diseases. A follow-up three months later (n = 146 children) showed that children with deficient serum retinol (less than 0.35 mumol/liter) had a fourfold greater risk of respiratory disease (p less than 0.01). No relation was found for diarrhea. An intervention trial (n = 166 children aged 1-5 years) showed that, during 2 months of follow-up after administration of oral vitamin A (200,000 IU), the control group (aged 3-5 years) had a higher incidence of respiratory disease (2.9 times) as well as diarrhea (3.1 times). Between 2 and 4 months, a significantly (p less than 0.025) higher incidence of respiratory diseases (2.5 times) could be observed in children aged 1-2 years. This study supports earlier reports on a greater risk of respiratory diseases and of diarrhea in mild vitamin A deficiency. Supplementation reduced the incidence of both diarrhea and respiratory disease for a period of at least 2 months.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Variability in man of the levels of some indices of nutritional status over a 60-d period on a constant diet.

The biological variability of the values of various biochemical indices used for the assessment of the nutritional status of man was investigated in 4 healthy male volunteers (mean age 23 years). They were given a constant diet for 60 d, with the nutrient intake at the level of the Dutch recommendations. Blood was collected twice a week and 24-h urine samples on all 60 d; furthermore, on one day blood was collected every 2 h. Two months after the 60-d constant diet period the intra-individual variability of the various indices was studied once more, this time under habitual dietary practices. The intra-individual variability of urinary excretion of the vitamins B1 and B2 turned out to be rather high (coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 11 to 25 per cent). Despite a constant sodium intake throughout the study, the variability of urinary Na excretion was also high (mean CV 16 per cent); the level of CV did not improve when the excretion was expressed on the basis of creatinine. Levels of serum HDL- and total cholesterol were fairly constant, both over the 60-d period and during the day (CV 2.5-7 per cent). The CV within subjects for vitamin B1, B2 and B6 concentrations in blood ranged from 6 to 12 per cent, the variations of the corresponding erythrocyte enzyme activities were smaller. It is remarkable that the CV within subjects of most variables studied was not higher during the period on the habitual diet. We conclude that casual blood sampling is insufficient for an evaluation of the vitamin B status of an individual. The high intra-individual variability of 24-h vitamin B1 and B2 urinary excretions indicates that in the assessment of the vitamin status or intake of an individual the importance of these excretion figures is limited. The 'a-values' of the B vitamins may predict vitamin status better than the concentrations of the vitamins in blood or the activities of the corresponding enzymes. The variability of the parameters of vitamin B status over the day (CV 3-11 per cent) suggests that the values of these parameters depend on the time of the day at which samples are taken.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Changes in vitamin status in plasma during dieting and exercise.

The micronutrient status of 12 obese male subjects was evaluated before and after a 14-week period of a low energy diet (3.0-3.9 MJ) with or without an exercise (5 h p/w) treatment. The subjects were matched on the basis of their body mass index (BMI kg/m2) into a diet group (D; average BMI 32.2) and a diet-exercise group (DE; average BMI 32.9). After 14 weeks both groups showed similar results in term of weight loss (D 15.1; DE 16.4 kg), fat loss (D 11.7; DE 13.6 kg) and loss of fat free mass (FFM) (D 3.4; DE 2.8 kg). With respect to changes of the micronutrients in blood plasma only the decrease in ferritin was significantly different between D and DE (P less than 0.05), with a larger decrease for DE. In both groups significant decreases of about 20% in fat soluble vitamins were observed. Water soluble vitamins demonstrated a large variation between individuals and decreases were not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Vitamins].

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Avitaminosis↗