[Classifications in trauma surgery (1)].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
J Schmidt
Publications and source records attributed to J Schmidt.
Hydrophobic attachment of Trypanosoma cruzi to the rectal cuticle of Triatoma infestans and its influence on metacyclogenesis - a review.
Trypanosoma cruzi colonizes mainly the rectum of the vector, especially the rectal glands. We investigated the basic architecture of the rectal cuticle of Triatoma infestans and the mode of attachment of T. cruzi in the small intestine and the rectum. In addition, we determined the capacity of culture-derived epimastigotes to attach to artificial substrates and the influence of attachment on metacyclogenesis. After incubation of the rectum with wheat germ lectin (WGA) coupled to gold particles, the procuticle contained chitin, but the two layers of the epicuticle and the superficial layer bordering the rectal lumen did not. The specific fluorochrom Nile Red stained the entire rectal cuticle green, indicating the waxy composition of the superficial layer. In electron microscopic analysis the parasites were attached to the hydrophobic superficial wax layer but not to the epithelium of the midgut. In vitro culture-derived epimastigotes attached with a high affinity to all hydrophobic substrates tested, whereas hydrophilic substrates did not permit attachment. Emulsified hexadecane localized the attachment molecules to the terminal part of the flagellum. Inhibition of attachment by coating the culture tubes with hydrophilic agarose and constant agitation decreased the rate of epimastigote to trypomastigote transformation, whereas wax coating enhanced metacyclogenesis.
Animals↗
[Decreasing reperfusion damage with N-acetylcysteine in experimental pancreas transplantion].
In this study we investigated the effect of donor and recipient conditioning with N-acetylcysteine on the ischemia/reperfusion injury after experimental pancreas-transplantation. We performed standardized pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in male lewis rats. The pancreas was perfused with UW-solution, harvested and conserved at 4 degrees C. Cold ischemia time was 1.5 hours and 16 hours respectively. The microcirculation in the transplanted organ was quantified by means of intravital microscopy 1.5 hours after implantation and reperfusion in the recipient. After 16 hours of cold ischemia we found a significant reduction in capillary erythrocyte velocity and a significantly enhanced leucocyte/endothelium interaction. The treatment with N-acetylcysteine resulted in a significant improvement of these microcirculatory disorders after prolonged cold ischemia.
Acetylcysteine↗
[Lack of stimulation of CD11b/CD18 induced leukocyte adhesioin by platelet activating factor (PAF) and f-MLP in malignant tumor endothelium in experimental pancreas cancer of the rat].
UNLABELLED: The interaction between immunocompetent cells and tumor-endothelium is essential for effective immunologic recognition. In the present study we evaluated resting and CD11b/CD18-mediated leukocyte adhesion on tumor-endothelium of experimental pancreatic carcinoma and in healthy pancreatic venules. METHODS: 22 male Lewis rats (120-140 g) were anesthetized. Duct-like pancreatic carcinoma (DSL6A, Am. J. Pathol. 1993; 143:292) was induced by intrapancreatic implantation of tumor fragments between inert polymethylmetacrylat plates. After 4 wks the tumor-bearing pancreas was exposed and the microcirculation studied. Parameters in tumor vessels (15-40 microns) and healthy pancreatic collecting venules (20-40 microns) included: Erythrocyte velocity, Leukocyte adhesion, Vessel diameter and wall shear rate. Measurements were obtained before and 5 min after adding f-MLP (100 mM) or PAF (50 mM), two CD11b/CD18 agonists of different potency to the immersion chamber. RESULTS: [table: see text] CONCLUSION: In experimental pancreatic carcinoma leukocyte adhesion of low affinity is reduced despite comparable wall shear rates. The CD11b/Cd18-mediated adhesion of high affinity, which is inducible by f-MLP and PAF in healthy pancreatic venules, is absent in tumor vessels. This may be a mechanism by which malignant tumors escape immune control.
Animals↗
Modulation of mouse endotoxin shock by inhibition of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C.
During Gram-negative bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interacts with monocyte/macrophage receptors, resulting in a host defense response. Activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways implicating various protein kinase and phospholipases is crucial in activating the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In this article, we demonstrate that in mouse, endotoxin shock activation of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) plays a major role in controlling the inflammatory response. Inhibition of PC-PLC by the specific inhibitor tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609) before LPS reduced the release of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide (NO) in vivo. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor-alpha serum levels were not altered by the pretreatment with D609. Consequently, survival from endotoxin shock of D609-treated animals was significantly improved compared with control animals (45% vs. 20%). Thus, inhibition of PC-PLC can reduce the inflammatory response to LPS and may serve as a novel approach to therapy of sepsis.
Animals↗
[182 offspring of cows with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Switzerland. 2. Epidemiology and pathological findings].
In order to detect lesions of a spongiform encephalopathy and/or accumulation of the protease resistant prion protein (PrPres), 182 offspring of cows affected with BSE were examined neuropathological and immunohistochemically. Neither spongiform encephalopathy nor PrPres accumulation were found. In seven animals other neuropathological lesions were seen, significant ones in three. Because of the small risk of exposure to contaminated feed in these animals, nearly all of which were born after the introduction of the protein feed ban for ruminants, the occurrence of spongiform encephalopathy in this series of BSE offspring would be suggestive of maternal transmission. However, the value of the study in this respect is quite limited. Only half of the animals were old enough to develop clinical and pathological evidence of the disease. If a maternal effect on the risk for the offspring is only to be expected during the last 6 months of the incubation of the dam as suggested by British investigations, only few animals in this study would fulfil the requirement of having been born during this critical period. Since it cannot be entirely excluded that the BSE agent transiently invades extraneural tissues in the early stages of infection, the above mentioned restriction to the final 6 months of the incubation time of the dam would not necessarily be applicable to all situations. We concluded that this study supports previous observations according to which maternal transmission of BSE is at best a rare event.
Animals↗
Discordant effects of activator protein-1 transcription factor on gene regulation, invasion, and metastasis in spontaneous, radiation-induced, and fos-induced osteosarcomas.
Bone cells are a prime target for the biological function of the fos/jun (activating protein-1 (AP-1)) transcription factor complex. Deregulated expression of c-fos or v-fos in bone cells induces tumorigenicity and the formation of non-metastatic osteosarcomas. In contrast, fos oncogenes transform fibroblasts to an invasive phenotype accompanied by the expression of various invasion- and metastasis-associated genes. Here we compared the expression of AP-1-dependent genes and AP-1 activity in cell lines from fos-induced, radiation-induced, and spontaneous osteosarcomas. We showed that the presence of high AP-1 activity was not sufficient for the induction of invasion- and metastasis-associated AP-1-dependent genes in transformed bone cells. Further, we identified the collagenase I and stromelysin 1 gene promoters as suitable tools for the analysis of other factors regulating metastatic progression of osteosarcoma.
Animals↗
[Acute pancreatitis: reliable and prospective conservative therapy].
The management of acute pancreatitis is complex. Although numerous medical therapies have been proposed, few interventions have been shown to benefit patients with severe disease. Volume resuscitation, total parenteral nutrition and an adequate analgesia is the unspecific management of acute pancreatitis. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment should be performed in patients with necrotizing disease. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract has shown beneficial effects only in combination with systemic antibiotic therapy. ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy should be performed in severe gallstone pancreatitis. Somatostatin, protease inhibitors, hemofiltration and peritoneal lavage are some of the many medications now proven to be of no efficacy. Two clinical prospective trials are now under way to investigate the effects of two promising agents on the course of severe necrotizing pancreatitis: lexipafant, a platelet factor antagonist, and isovolemic hemodilution with dextran.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
[Analysis of the acceptance of the internet presentation of the 115th Congress of the German Society of Surgery].
The World Wide Web presentation of the 115th Annual Meeting of the German Society of Surgery was examined with regard to the frequency of hits per day and the use made of the online offers. The high frequency of the hits clearly shows the high acceptance of this medium. The temporal distribution of the hits imply that the group that was aimed at, namely "surgeons", have indeed been reached.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
[Plasma separation combined with CVVHF in septic and SIRS patients].
In a prospective non-randomized trial, 59 patients with sepsis (n = 43) and SIRS (n = 16) were treated on a surgical intensive care unit. In 22 patients plasmapheresis in combination with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVHF) was administered. Lethality was 56% in the sepsis group; in the therapy group lethality was significantly lower in patients with plasmapheresis, even though in this population the organic failure rate was higher. Finally the dependency of lethality and age was similar in both groups. Lethality at 22% in the plasmapheresis group with double organ failure was significantly lower (P > 0.01) than in controls. Reduction of lethality seemed to be as high as 18% in patients with sepsis, while patients with SIRS did not profit from the additional therapy. A prospective randomized trial in sepsis and double organic failure should be projected.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
[Incidence and mortality of aortic dissection].
A population-based study was carried out over a 24-year period between January 1, 1973 and December 31, 1996 to determine the incidence and mortality of the aortic dissection in an administratively defined population of 106,000 inhabitants. The study comprises the consecutive cases of both inpatients and outpatients. Altogether, 74 cases of aortic dissection were found corresponding to 2.89%/year incidence. From the 74 patients 60 were admitted to hospital and 14 outpatients dead before the admission. In the first half of the observational interval (1973-84) 32 cases and in it's second half (1985-96) 42 cases were occurred with incidence of 2.50%/year and 3.28%/year, respectively. The higher incidence of the cases in the second half interval was explained by the significant increase of the autopsy rate of the dead outpatients. The male/female ratio was 1:1.6. The age ranged from 36 years to 97 years with a mean of 66.4 years and the women have had higher mean by the 7.0 years (p < 0.05). The mortality was explosively abrupt at the onset of the disease. Fourteen outpatients (18.9% of the total) died suddenly before admission and in the inpatients after the admission 28.4% died within the first hour, 44.6% within 12 hours, 62.2% within 24 hours and 75.5% within the first two days. Six patients were surgically treated and their perioperative mortality was 2/6, one month survived 4/6 and three years survived 3/6. The other 71 patients died. On the bases of the above-mentioned facts this work may be considered as an representative study. Hereby, the incidence of the aortic dissection in Hungary at least 3.0/100,000/year or rather 300 cases/year should be assessed.
Adult↗
Overexpression, purification, and use of a soluble human interleukin-4 receptor alpha-chain/Ig gamma 1 fusion protein for ligand binding studies. Characterization of ligand binding to soluble IL-4 receptor alpha-chain by surface plasmon resonance measurements and by microtiter-plate-based ELISA with biotinylated IL-4.
The pleiotropic cytokine IL-4 transmits cellular signals mainly via the IL-4 receptor complex, with the alpha-chain as the high affinity binding subunit. Here we describe the overexpression of a soluble IL-4R alpha-chain (sIL-4R) as a fusion to immunoglobulin gamma 1 heavy chain, consisting of the H-CH2-CH3 domains, in baby hamster kidney cells. The dimeric fusion protein named sIL-4R:E gamma 1 was purified from culture supernatant by protein-A affinity chromatography, yielding up to 10 mg/l homogenous protein which was highly stable. The antibody-like features of the sIL-4R:E gamma 1 fusion protein allowed immobilization on a biosensor matrix for surface plasmon resonance measurements by direct amine coupling as well as immobilization on microtiter plates coated with protein A for displacement binding. Kinetic parameters (kon and koff) for binding of IL-4 or the antagonistic mutant IL-4(Y124D) to the sIL-4R:E gamma 1 fusion protein on the chip as determined with the BIAcore instrument showed a high affinity binding with KD = 239 +/- 35 pM and KD=148 +/- 33 pM, respectively. The extremely high kon rate and the relatively slow koff rate for both ligands highlighted the limits of the BIAcore technology. The binding affinity as calculated in displacement binding studies with biotinylated IL-4 was similar for IL-4 and IL-4(Y124D) (IC50=1.1nM), thus offering a simple alternative for initial characterization of IL-4 mutants.
Animals↗
Lipochitooligosaccharide-induced tobacco cells release a peptide as mediator of the glycolipid signal.
Lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are plant growth regulators that promote at subfemtomolar concentrations cell division in tobacco protoplasts. In response to LCO treatment, tobacco cells release a second growth factor that fully mediates the growth-promoting activities of the initial extracellular LCO stimulus. This diffusible growth factor was isolated from the protoplasts' culture filtrate and shown to be a peptide. We report that the LCO-induced mitogen released by tobacco cells and a synthetic heptadecapeptide derived from region 2 of the tobacco homolog of the early nodulin gene ENOD40 are antigenically related and qualitatively indistinguishable in their ability to stimulate cell division.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Heat shock protein 72 on tumor cells: a recognition structure for natural killer cells.
Evidence is accumulating that members of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family are found on the cell surface of certain tumor cells where they elicit a strong antitumor immune response. We demonstrated that HSP72, the major heat-inducible form of the HSP70 group, is located on the cell surface of approximately 60% of the human colon carcinoma cells CX2 with two different mAbs by indirect immunofluorescence, by electron microscopy, and by selective cell surface biotinylation. In an effort to analyze the role of HSP72 cell surface expression as a tumor-specific recognition structure within an "autologous" tumor system, the CX2 cells were separated into a stably HSP72 high expressing (CX+: >90%) and a stably HSP72 low expressing (CX-: <20%) subline. The expression "autologous" was written in parentheses to indicate that the colon carcinoma sublines CX+ and CX- derived from the original CX2 tumor cell line differ with respect to the cell surface expression pattern of HSP72, whereas they exhibit an identical cell surface expression pattern of MHC and cellular adhesion molecules (e.g., intercellular cellular adhesion molecule, neural cellular adhesion molecule, vascular cellular adhesion molecule). Within this "autologous" tumor cell system, we demonstrate that the sensitivity to lysis mediated by adherent non-MHC-restricted effector cells correlates (p < 0.05) with the amount of HSP72 that is expressed on the cell surface. Blocking studies using an HSP72-specific mAb revealed that HSP72 might act in an MHC-unrestricted manner as a tumor-specific recognition structure for a distinct NK cell population.
Antigens, Surface↗
[Posterior resection of of the head of the pancreas in malignant duodenal gastrinoma].
We report on a case of malignant gastrinoma located on the posterior surface of the descending duodenum, presenting with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The tumor was not evident on preoperative imaging studies, metastasis was not present and there was no coincidence with multiple endocrine neoplasia type-I. As the gastrinoma was located on the posterior surface of the pancreatic head, to obtain a sufficient safety margin, partial excision of this region was necessary. Under preservation of the Oddi's sphincter, the reconstruction was completed by direct suturing of the duodenal wall to the pancreatic surface without need for enteral diversion procedures. This technique represents a possible non-invasive resection modality for benign and malignant duodenal gastrinomas located close to the pancreatic head region.
Adult↗
[Anterior spinal artery syndrome after thoraco-abdominal esophagus resection. A rare complication].
We report a case of postoperative paraplegia resembling an anterior spinal artery syndrome after curative esophagectomy in a patient with carcinoma of esophagus and clinical stage III (UICC). Neurologic deficit was characterized by loss of sensibility at the level of T12/L1 together with paraparesis of both lower extremities. Furthermore, dissociated sensorimotor depletion at C6/C7 (right-sided) and at T5 (left-sided) was noted. This severe complication was most probably caused by peeling of an arteriosclerotic plaque of the thoracic aorta due to preexisting advanced arteriosclerosis, leading to a partial occlusion of the great radicular artery of Adamkiewicz. Even though anterior spinal artery syndrome is a well-known problem in the operative management of thoracic aortic aneurysms, this complication has not previously been reported after esophagectomy.
Adult↗
Microspectroscopic imaging of nodulation factor-binding sites on living Vicia sativa roots using a novel bioactive fluorescent nodulation factor.
A novel bioactive fluorescent nodulation (Nod) factor, NodRlv-IV(BODIPY FL-C16), has been synthesized by attaching a BODIPY FL-C16 acyl chain to the primary amino group of chitotetraose deacetylated at the nonreducing terminus by recombinant NodB. The binding of the fluorescent Nod factor to root systems of Vicia sativa was investigated with fluorescence spectral imaging microscopy (FSPIM) and fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy (FRIM). Spatially resolved fluorescence spectra of living and labeled Vicia sativa root systems were measured by FSPIM. Strong autofluorescence, inherent to many plant systems when excited at 488 nm, was corrected for by utilizing the difference in fluorescence emission spectra of the autofluorescence and NodRlv-IV(BODIPY FL-C16). A methodology is presented to break down the in situ fluorescence emission spectra into spatially resolved autofluorescence and BODIPY FL fluorescence spectra. Furthermore, an FRIM method was developed for correcting autofluorescence in fluorescence micrographs for this system. After autofluorescence correction it was shown that NodRlv-IV(BODIPY FL-C16) was concentrated in the root hairs, but was also bound to other parts of the root surface.
Binding Sites↗
Brassinosteroids from seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Extracts of seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype 24) were analysed for the presence of free and conjugated brassinosteroids. 24-epi-Brassinolide (ca 220 ng kg-1) and castasterone (ca 360 ng kg-1) could be isolated and unambiguously identified as native brassinosteroids by GC/MS.
Arabidopsis↗