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Biomedical subjects

J Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to J Schmid.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Surveillance of pregnancies with placental dysfunction. IV. Significance of biochemical placental values].

The efficacy of four different methods for detection of placental dysfunction has been compared in 265 risk pregnancies. The test were urinary oestriol, urinary pregnanediol, activity of human placental lactogen and heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in the serum. It was concluded that best results were obtained by simultaneous use of urinary oestriol und human-placental-lactogen activity. Early detection of placental dysfunction by urinary pregnanediol and heat-stable alkaline phophatase in the serum were rather exceptional.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

[Surveillance of pregnancies with placental dysfunction. V. Time of the appearance of suspected and pathological values during surveillance methods].

The results of oestriol excretion, HPL activity and fetal heart rate monitoring are presented during the last three weeks before the birth or the intrauterine fetal death. Abnormal results were found in all cases at least two weeks before the intrauterine death. In the same periode, we observed a raise of abnormal values in cases with intrauterine growth-retardation. In cases with normal birth weight, the majority of values were normal and without a significant decrease.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1976

[Suspicion of Down's syndrome based on patients obstetrical history and clinical data (author's transl)].

At the university women's clinic Zurich between 1963 and 1974, 29 babies in a total of 32255 babies were born with Down's syndrome. 11 of these had a cardiac vitium and 2 an intestinal malformation. 5 babies died during the first year of life. This high morbidity demands an analysis of the criteria in the obstetrical history and clinical picture in order to reach a diagnosis in those cases which would otherwise not be diagnosed if one used the normal criteric for amniocentesis in early pregnancy. Maternal age was the only relevant factor to emerge. In 6 pregnancies a tentative diagnosis for poor intrauterine growth was made in which only one case showed a retarded growth of the bipariental diameter. In all 7 cases in which cephalometry was performed after the 24 week of pregnancy, the concurrent hormonal parameters showed significantly lowered oestriol levels with normal HPL levels. From this information we draw the conclusion that transabdominal amniocentesis should be performed in in pregnancies with permanently low oestriol levels and normal HPL levels; especially in cases which clinically appear "small for dates" and for which there is no other explanation such as anencephaly for the low maternal oestriol levels.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1975

[First experiences with amniocentesis from genetic indications].

Genetically indicated amniocentesis was performed in 93 patients in the first half of pregnancy and in 36 in the second half. To the common and recognized indications several obstetric indications were added. Six (4.7%) fetal abnormalities were diagnosed by karyotyping and determination of alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP), i.e. a child with trisomy 21 and a boy with XXY Klinefelter syndrome, both in mothers aged over 40, a partial trisomy 3 in a pregnancy with a balanced anomaly, 2 boys with X-linked hereditary disease and an anencephalic. In 4 cases (3.1) abortion was performed at the parents' request. Three pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion. In 54 cases in which amniocentesis was performed in the first half of pregnancy the babies have now been born. One was found to have a congenital heart defect and the remainder were healthy. In the cases which had undergone genetic screening during the second half of pregnancy 3 neonates displayed anomalies not detectable by karyotyping or AFP determination, one of which was hydrocephalus. The abortion rate was 0.8%.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1975

Endometriosis of the lung: case report.

The first case of a clinically and histologically verified miliary form of endometriosis of the lung is reported here. The cardinal symptom was a menstrually synchronised hemoptysis, which by treatment with high doses of progestins disappeared. After operative castration a complete remittence with normal chest X ray was attained. Pathogenesis and frequency were briefly described. The 11 previously published cases served as a basis. Taking into account experimental and clinical experience, we propound the opinion the endometriosis of the lung occurs via hematological spread as a result of uterine operations or pregnancy. The conditions under which endometrium survives in the lung remain uncertain. Large doses of gestagen drugs are to be recommended as therapy and should be this prove unsuccessful operative castration.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Sodium- and potassium-activated ATPase. A possible target of aldosterone.

Na-K-ATPase activity was measured with an ultramicromethod in single portions of the proximal and distal convolution and of the thick ascending limb of Henle from adrenalectomized rats and after treatment with 5 mug aldosterone per 100 g body wt. The activity in all tubular structures returned to normal within 1 h after injection. This rapid activation of Na-K-ATPase induced by hormone was completely prevented by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. It appears that this aldosterone effect on Na-K-ATPase requires an intact protein synthetic process.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1975

Maternal and fetal plasma levels of free corticosteroids in pathological deliveries.

Does intrauterine acidosis induce increased steroid secretion? The concentration of free steroids (CS) increases in both fetal and maternal plasma during labor and delivery. Fetal levels are higher after vaginal than after cesarean section. These differences may indicate an important role of the fetal adrenal gland in the induction of labor or they may reflect merely the fetal response to the stress of delivery. During incrased intrauterine stress steroid secretion is increased as shown here. We examined 41 mothers and their infants during pathological labor. Pathology was assessed from fetal acidosis and/or a clinically obstetric disease of the mother or fetus. The 41 cases included 9 cesarean sections, 8 forceps deliveries; 24 spontaneous deliveries of which 7 were premature. At the time of delivery the pH and CS level were determined in maternal and umbilical vessels in all cases. During spontaneous labor blood samples were also taken during the different stages of labour. A competetive protein binding assay with transcortin without fractionation of the steroids was used. Progesteron was determined by the same assay. The level of this hormone, however, remains unchanged and hence any changes reflect changes in CS. The levels of CS were correlated with the pH values and compared to previously obtained normal values. During pathological deliveries CS levels in both mother and fetus are normal as long as there is no acidosis (Fig. 1). If acidosis is present the CS level in the umbilical artery is usually higher than normal. In 13 out of 18 vaginal deliveries the CS level was above normal, in the other 5 at the upper limit of normal (Fig. 1 and 2). At the same time the a--v difference becomes smaller and sometimes even negative. No changes were noted in maternal and umbilical venous blood (Tab. I and II). Similar dependence on the pH was found for cesarean sections (Tab. III). In premature deliveries without acidosis in the umbilical artery the CS levels were lower in both mother and fetus (Tab. I). These results indicate that the fetal adrenal gland reacts to acidosis, i.e., intrauterine stress, with increased corticosteroid secretion. This rise depends on the pH of fetal blood and not on the type of delivery (Fig. 3).

Acidosis↗
PubMed1975

[The surveillance of pregnancies with suspected placental dysfunktion. I. Material and methods (author's transl)].

The efficacy of five different methods for detection of fetoplacental distress has been compared in 265 risk pregnancies. The tests were urinary oestriol, urinary pregnanediol, human placental lactogen and heat-stable alkaline phosphotase in the serum and phonocardiotokographie. 13 fetuses died antepartum, 47 of surviving infants were growth-retarded. The gestational age was calculated from clinical dates, serial ultrasonic measurements and immediate postnatal studies. In the I part the methods and the analysis of the results are described.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1975

[The surveillance of pregnancies with suspected placental dysfunction. II. Antepartum fetal heart rate: the significance of baseline levels and accellerations (author's transl)].

Baseline tachycardia was observed in 12% of 265 fetuses, baseline bradycardia in 19%. No statistical difference can be found between the different groups. Baseline levels were without the normal range in only 4 of the 13 antepartum deaths. Therefore neither tachycardia nor bradycardia is a reliable sign of chronical fetal hypoxia. Accelerations were constant absent only few days before the intrauterine death.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1975

[The surveillance of pregnancies with suspected placental dysfunction. III. Antepartum fetal heart rate: the significance of baseline irregularity and late decelerations (author's transl)].

Silent patterns of baseline irregularity during 10 or more minutes or late decelerations point to a fetal hypoxia. Cardiotokograms with this phenomen are described as suspected. Silent patterns with simultaneous late decelerations are considered as pathological. They prove with great probability a chronical fetal hypoxia. We found them almost only among intrauterine growth retardations and intrauterine fetal deaths. Total disappearance of changes in rate and of amplitude were found only few days before the intrauterine death.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1975

Hormonal effects on Na-K-ATPase of various parts of the rat nephron.

Aldosterone reactivates the impaired Na-K-ATPase very rapidly along the course of the distal tubule and in the proximal convolution. Surprisingly the latent period before enzyme induction parallels with the latent period before the restoration of active sodium reabsorption after a physiological dose of aldosterone [7]. Induction of Na-K-ATPase can be prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, inhibitors of protein synthesis; this proves that protein synthesis is necessary for the induction of Na-K-ATPase. Although this kind of data can be interpreted as due to de-novo-synthesis for the induced enzyme this conclusion is not proved by such data. Another way of aldosterone action could exist in demasking inactive enzyme molecules which are already present in the membrane. Because of the very short latent period between aldosterone application and restoration of Na-K-ATPase we cannot exclude this possibility. The most important finding of our study is the rapid reactivation of the impaired Na-K-ATPase in the proximal and distal tubule after a single dose of aldosterone.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗