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Biomedical subjects

J Saunders

Publications and source records attributed to J Saunders.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Site of the abnormal stimulus of gastric secretion after small bowel exclusion.

In dogs with either vagally innervated or denervated pouches, the acid responses to a standard meal, a meal which bypassed the greater part of the small bowel, and a meal introduced directly into the small intestine were measured before and after exclusion of 75% of the small bowel.After intestinal exclusion an increase in acid secretion was found in the latter part of the acid response to the standard meal and the intestinal meal. No increase in acid secretion resulted from the meals which bypassed the small bowel. These findings suggest that an increase in stimulation from the remaining small intestine is responsible for the elevation in acid secretion following small bowel exclusion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glucose and free fatty acid turnover in Cushing's syndrome.

Glucocorticoids are known to have acute effects on glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. The effects of the longstanding hypercorticism of Cushing's syndrome were studied by isotopic techniques in a group of Cushingoid patients compared to a control group. In the Cushing's group, glucose production and utilization rates were significantly higher than in control subjects, while FFA turnover also tended to be higher, but not significantly. It is suggested that increased glucose production is the main cause of the hyperglycemia seen in Cushing's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parallelising a model of bacterial interaction and evolution.

Large simulations of bacterial colonies require huge amounts of computational time, the only way to achieve the necessary level of performance is with parallel computers and a suitably designed implementation that maps the problem onto the hardware. For real problems this mapping can be a non-trivial problem requiring careful consideration of the constraints in both the system being modelled and the hardware that executes that model. Here we describe an implementation of a system for modelling bacterial evolution that encompasses many physical scales. This system is composed entirely of individual entities all playing out a complex series of interactions. These individuals exist at the scale of the population of bacterial and at the gene product scale. This paper reports that it is possible to map a dynamic problem such as this onto fixed resources, for the most part making use of implicit multiplexing of resources provided by the OS and partitioning the problem to reduce communication time. Through this an efficient simulation can be created, making maximal use of the available hardware without constraining the model to require excessively specific resources.

Bacterial Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perspectives on CPR: resuscitation or resurrection?

The use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is controversial. Recently allegations of age discrimination have been made. Revised guidance from the British Medical Association, Royal College of Nursing and the Resuscitation Council (UK) provides valuable help, including implications of the Human Rights Act 1998 and the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000. Patients do not have rights to useless treatments and CPR should not be used if there is no reasonable prospect of success. Current evidence suggests that legislation would not be helpful.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A novel skin penetration enhancer: evaluation by membrane diffusion and confocal microscopy.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro transdermal efficacy of a Meyer Zall Laboratories (MZL) oil/water emulsion in two separate preparations containing the actives, coal tar and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac sodium. METHOD: The release rate of the two active ingredients from MZL dermatological preparations, Exorex and Athru-Derm and four comparator products was determined using an enhancer cell system, whilst specific penetration characteristics of the MZL formulation were elucidated using confocal and electron microscopy. The latter properties were explored at both the organ level, using human skin, as well as at a cellular level using a melanoma cell line. RESULTS: While the in vitro release rates for all formulations was high, coal tar and diclofenac release from Exorex and Athru-Derm respectively was, at nearly all time intervals, significantly higher than from comparator products. Microscopy revealed the presence of spherical liposomal type structures in both the MZL lotion and a comparator gel. In the MZL lotion, the majority of these structures, referred to here as emzaloid particles, were in the order of magnitude of about 50 nm to 1 microm in diameter with a small minority exceeding these dimensions. After application of Athru-Derm to human skin, intact emzaloid particles of submicron dimensions were detected in the epidermis in association with the cell membranes. The affinity of the MZL lotion for cell membranes was further demonstrated with melanoma cells; in addition, the formulation was seen to penetrate even to the nucleus of viable cells. CONCLUSION: Overall the data suggest that the oil/water base in MZL formulations is a highly efficient transdermal vehicle able to transport a wide range of indication- specific actives to their site of action.

Administration, Topical↗