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Biomedical subjects

J Sato

Publications and source records attributed to J Sato.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effect of insulin on intramuscular 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in diabetic rats.

It has been shown that inhibition of lipolysis and ketogenesis by insulin is more sensitive than suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of tissue glucose uptake. Clinically, on the other hand, blood glucose concentrations fall much more quickly than blood ketone concentrations. Therefore, during continuous insulin infusion at a rate of 3.0 mU/kg B.W./min over a period of 150 min we monitored blood glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHBA) concentrations and muscle 3-OHBA levels using the microdialysis technique in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose concentrations decreased rapidly after insulin infusion. However, significant reduction in blood-3-OHBA concentration was found for the last 30 min. In muscle dialysate 3-OHBA concentrations and muscle local blood flow there was no significant change throughout the study. These results suggest that one possible mechanism of delayed improvement in ketonemia is a reduction in muscle removal capacity.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1998

Continuous monitoring of hematocrit values during apheresis for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell collection.

Rapid changes in the circulating blood volume or hemoglobin level during apheresis may pose a risk for healthy individuals donating allogeneic PBSC. In this study, a real-time noninvasive monitor CRIT-LINE was used for continuous monitoring of hematocrit values in a total of 16 aphereses performed in 4 adult (median age 30 years) and 4 pediatric donors (4 years). Donors received recombinant G-CSF (10 microg/kg s.c. for 5 days) for mobilization of PBSC. A CS3000 plus blood cell separator (Baxter) was used in two different procedures. Adults donors were subjected to modified program 1-120 using a combination of the granulocyte chamber and the small volume collection chamber (SVCC), and pediatric donors were subjected to specialized program 4 with a combination of the newly developed small volume separation chamber holder (SVSCH) and SVCC. In all of the procedures for children, the extracorporeal line was primed with 400 ml leukocyte-depleted allogeneic RBC or 200 ml autologous RBC after regular priming with normal saline, whereas none of the adult donors received this treatment. We found a marked contrast in the hematocrit kinetics during apheresis in the two cohorts/procedures. In adults, the initiation of apheresis was followed by an immediate decline in the hematocrit value over the initial 10 min until a stable plateau level was reached (7% decrease). In children, the values decreased slowly but progressively throughout the entire procedure to finally reach a 9% decrease at the completion of apheresis. These data may suggest that the use of SVSCH plus SVCC or priming with RBC can eliminate the abrupt decline in blood hemoglobin levels that occurs during apheresis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Inhalation anaesthetics produce asynchronous reversal of ventilation inhomogeneity and increased lung resistance in a canine model of bronchial asthma.

Bronchial asthma is characterized by not only an increase in lung resistance but also inhomogeneous ventilation. We aimed to investigate how two inhalation anaesthetics, isoflurane and sevoflurane, relieve ventilation inhomogeneity and reduce lung resistance in the bronchoconstricted lung. We provoked bronchoconstriction in dogs by a continuous i.v. infusion of methacholine, then administered either isoflurane or sevoflurane. Ventilation inhomogeneity was quantified by the difference in respiratory phases between the regional alveolar pressures measured at two distinct lobes. We constructed a mathematical model that simulated our experimental results. Both anaesthetics decreased lung resistance (P < 0.01). Isoflurane significantly reduced the indices of inhomogeneity (P < 0.01). Sevoflurane exerted only a tendency to reduce uneven ventilation. Our model simulation suggested that the anaesthetics reduced ventilation inhomogeneity in preference to lung resistance when the dogs suffered from severe bronchoconstriction.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1998

Milrinone decreases both pulmonary arterial and venous resistances in the hypoxic dog.

We have studied the effect of milrinone on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in dogs with hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Using a pulmonary arterial occlusion method, we measured effective pulmonary capillary pressure (Pcap) by which total PVR was partitioned into arterial (PVRa) and venous (PVRv) components. Hypoxic ventilation (FIO2 = 0.11-0.13) produced significant increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and Pcap (P < 0.01) associated with increases in PVRa and PVRv (P < 0.01). During the hypoxic period, milrinone significantly decreased mean PAP and Pcap (P < 0.01), reflected in decreases in PVRa and PVRv (P < 0.01). The longitudinal distribution of PVR (PVRa/PVRv) remained unchanged throughout the experiment, indicating that HPV occurred equally in the arterial and venous segments and that milrinone-induced vasodilatation occurred equally in both segments. During hypoxia, milrinone did not produce an increase in cardiac output or a decrease in PaO2. Milrinone also produced significant decreases in mean systemic arterial pressure (P < 0.01) and systemic vascular resistance (P < 0.05) to a similar extent to the decreases in mean PAP and PVR, suggesting no selective dilating effect of milrinone on the pulmonary vasculature. These results indicate that in HPV, milrinone decreased the vascular tone of both pulmonary arterial and venous segments without increasing cardiac work or impairing pulmonary oxygenation. This suggests a potential for use in patients suffering from hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Tc-99m leukocyte imaging for evaluating disease severity and monitoring treatment response in ulcerative colitis: comparison with colonoscopy.

The diagnostic value of Tc-99m leukocyte imaging for evaluating disease activity and monitoring treatment response in ulcerative colitis was compared with that of colonoscopy. A total of 48 studies were performed in 28 patients with ulcerative colitis. Forty-six studies had both Tc-99m leukocyte imaging and colonoscopy within 2 weeks of each other, and the remaining two studies had only Tc-99m leukocyte imaging. In 46 studies, semiquantitative grading of colonic radioactivity by comparison with iliac crest marrow activity on radionuclide imaging correlated well with macroscopic grading based on Matts' criteria on colonoscopy. Fourteen (82%) of 17 studies with slight colonoscopic change showed a negative result on the radionuclide image. In 15 patients treated with glucocorticoids or leukapheresis, radionuclide imaging showed nearly the same statistical results as colonoscopy in monitoring treatment response. Tc-99m leukocyte imaging could be used as an alternative to colonoscopy to evaluate the disease activity of ulcerative colitis or to monitor the treatment response, although it is insensitive for detecting disease with only slight macroscopic changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Endoscopic diagnosis of lower intestinal lesions of leukaemia and malignant lymphoma.

There have been only a few endoscopic studies with respect to lower intestinal lesions of leukaemia and malignant lymphoma, although there have been many autopsy studies of these lesions. The aim of this study was to clarify these lesions using endoscopy. Colonoscopy was performed on 11 of 341 patients with leukaemia and on 32 of 105 patients with malignant lymphoma for frequent diarrhoea, anal bleeding or abnormal findings on barium enema examination, between April 1984 and September 1994. In eight of the 11 patients with leukaemia on whom endoscopy was performed, nine lesions were found; aphthoid ulcers, small ulcers or large tumours due to leukaemic infiltration were found in five, and colorectal adenoma was found in only one patient. Antibiotic-associated haemorrhagic colitis or pseudomembranous colitis was found in one patient each. In 10 of the 32 patients with malignant lymphoma, 11 lesions were found. The following were found in one patient each: large lymphomatous tumours, a large lymphomatous ulcer, multiple small polypoid lesions, multiple lymphomatous polyposis; and colorectal cancer or adenoma in six patients. However, the autopsy findings in patients with both diseases were mostly pseudomembrane formation or ulcers due to fungal and/or bacterial infection. It is concluded that accurate endoscopic diagnosis of lower intestinal lesions in patients with leukaemia or malignant lymphoma is essential for staging and treatment of these diseases and for determining their prognosis. Most lesions in leukaemia are aphthoid and small ulcers are due to leukaemic infiltration or antibiotics; most lesions in malignant lymphoma are elevated lesions such as cancer, adenoma or lymphomatous lesions as determined by endoscopy. This is in contrast to pseudomembrane formation or ulcers due to fungal and/or bacterial infection which are detected at autopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Intramuscular 3-hydroxybutyrate levels after 60 tetani/min contraction in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

Post-exercise hyperketonemia in poorly-controlled diabetic patients is a well recognized phenomenon, but because studies concerning changes in ketone body metabolism in muscle during and/or after exercise are scarce, we measured the intramuscular 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHBA) and lactate concentrations in 12 diabetic (streptozotocin-induced; 60 mg/kg, ip) and 13 non-diabetic control rats before and after a 1-h muscle contraction. One thigh tetanic contraction was elicited at a tetanic frequency of 60 tetani/min and the other thigh was kept resting. We used a microdialysis technique in both quadriceps muscles, vastus lateralis, and the right jugular vein. Blood flow in both femoral muscles was also monitored before and after contraction. Dialysate 3-OHBA and lactate levels in contracting and non-contracting muscles and in blood showed a significant increase after contraction (P<0.05) in diabetic rats. In control rats there was no significant change in dialysate 3-OHBA or the lactate concentration in contracting and non-contracting muscles or in blood before and after contraction. A significant increase in contracting muscle blood flow was observed only for the first 5 min after contraction in diabetic and control rats. These results suggest that 3-OHBA uptake in contracting muscle is reduced, and that this phenomenon may play a role in post-exercise ketosis in diabetes.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1998

Significance of measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in familial prostate cancer lines.

The concentration of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum was measured in 20 brothers or sons in 10 families in which the father and son or brothers had prostate cancer using the E test TOSOH IIPA. The patients were between 32 and 70 years old with a mean age of 48.2 years. The PSA value was between 0.4 and 19.5 ng/ml with a mean value of 3.4 ng/ml. Five patients (25%) had PSA values exceeding the cut-off value of 4.0 ng/ml. After obtaining their consent, systematic prostate needle biopsy by transrectal ultrasonography was performed on 3 patients (15%). Prostate cancer was detected in all of them. Among them 2 patients were brothers, and since the other two brothers already had prostate cancer, all four brothers were confirmed to have prostate cancer. This is the first report of a familial prostate cancer in four brothers in Japan. In the western countries where the incidence of prostate cancer is higher than that in Japan, studies have been performed on the risk factors. Family history is one of the most important risk factors. In Japan, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing rapidly. Moreover, patients with a prostate cancer family history are expected to increase. In such cases, prostate cancer screening should be performed aggressively from a young age.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Pulmonary cryptococcosis exhibiting diffuse multiple nodular shadows].

We report a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis showing diffuse multiple nodular shadows in all lung fields. A 39-year-old woman with no immunological abnormalities was admitted with complaints of cough and sputum. She had experienced measles 4 weeks prior to admission. Chest x-ray films revealed diffuse nodular opacities throughout the lung fields, a finding suggestive of metastatic lung cancer. Detailed examinations, including transbronchial lung biopsy, were not conclusive. A diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis was made on the basis of findings from video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy. Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis usually appears as a solitary nodule or limited infiltration. Immunologically compromised hosts commonly demonstrate various abnormal shadows, such as the multiple nodular shadows observed in our patient. It has been reported that measles infection can cause temporary immune suppression. Secondary immunodeficiency resulting from the preceding infection with measles could explain the unusual chest x-ray findings in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Psychological and physiological changes during isolation and confinement: I. Group dynamics and member interaction.

The isolated and confined environment of a laboratory setting was used as one of the analogous environments of long-term manned spaceflight. This setting has more advantages than the natural one in that the behavioral variables can be easily controlled. Thus, a hyperbaric chamber was used in this experiment. The subjects were five men from 22- to 26-years old who had never met before the experiment. Over a total 5-day isolation and confinement period as well as 2-day pre- and post-isolation periods, the subjects were given different kinds of physiological and psychological tasks. During these periods their behavior and communications were recorded in order to observe when the formation of a group begins and how it forms and functions. The formation of a sub-group of three men was observed on the third day of isolation, showing strong reciprocal connections among these subjects who developed bonds that were quite stable. It is, however, not known how this sub-group functioned within the large group, since the experimental period was possibly too short.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1998

[PSA-doubling time immediately before the diagnosis of prostate cancer].

PSA-doubling time (PSA-DT) immediately before the diagnosis of prostate cancer was calculated in 8 prostate cancer patients in whom PSA was checked three or more times with the same kit during a period of 6 months or more. The correlation between PSA-DT and clinical stage or pathological differentiation was analyzed. In most patients, PSA correlated well showing a straight regression line to the observation period on a hemi-logarithmic scale. The correlation coefficient was high, almost 0.9 or more except in one patient. PSA-DT ranged from 5.1 to 64.9 months, averaging 23.1 months. There was no significant correlation between clinical stage or pathological differentiation and PSA-DT. However, PSA-DT in stage D patients tended to be shorter than that of stage B + C patients. One patient who had stage D poorly differentiated carcinoma died of cancer recurrence. In this patient, PSA-DT was short (5.1 months).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Simple kinetic analysis of 99mTc-GSA by direct integral linear least square regression method: calculation of hepatic blood flow and receptor index based on three-compartment model].

To obtain both hepatic blood flow and an index of asialoglycoprotein receptor amount by simple calculation in the asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging with 99mTc-DTPA-Galactosyl Human Serum Albumin (99mTc-GSA), we have tested the applicability of the direct integral linear least square regression (DILS) method based on a linear 3-compartment model (Bronqvist, 1984) to the kinetic analysis of 99mTc-GSA scintigraphy. DILS method can provide hepatic blood flow (k1) and the product of receptor amount and forward binding rate constant (k1k3/k2) as a receptor index, without requiring iterative calculation and initial estimates of the parameters. To compare DILS method with nonlinear least square regression (NLS) method as a standard, data from 35 patients with liver dysfunction were analyzed by both methods. The effect of the data noise to parameter estimate were simulated, and both DILS and NLS method could provide reliable parameter estimate which is relatively insensitive to the data noise. In estimated model parameters, both hepatic blood flow (k1) and the receptor index (k1k3/k2) showed significant correlation between 2 methods (r2 = 0.96, p < 0.0001; r2 = 0.99, p < 0.0001, respectively). We concluded that DILS method was comparable to NLS method in determination of the model parameters and could be useful in the asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with reduction of primary tumor and disappearance of multiple lung metastasis].

A 56-year-old male had suffered from hepatocellular carcinoma treated by operation, PHoT and TAE since 1994. In December 1995, he had multiple metastases of lung in addition to recurrence of primary hepatic lesions. We discontinued treatment of TAE and decided to administer UFT (400 mg/day) orally as an outpatient. After seven months, the primary hepatic lesions were decreased in size, and metastatic lesions of lung were completely eliminated with reduction of AFP level. Generally, hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis is refractory to treatment. However, this result suggests that UFT is one of the effective treatments for such advanced cases as having lung metastasis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical study on prostate cancer initially presenting with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome].

We experienced five patients with prostate cancer with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) at the first presentation at Gunma University Hospital and affiliated institutions between 1991 and 1997. Their average age was 68 years, average DIC score at the first presentation was 10 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was more than 700 ng/ml. All of them had multiple bone metastases. The therapy for DIC and hormonal therapy for prostate cancer were simultaneously started at the first presentation before prostate needle biopsy, but all patients died. The average number of days from the start of DIC to death was 685 days. The patients initially showed a good response to therapy, but their conditions soon aggravated. The prognosis was extremely poor, but some proper therapies lead to the prognosis which was equal to that of prostate cancer in Stage D2 without DIC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Transformation of myelofibrosis into acute myelogenous leukemia (M0) with multiple tumor emboli].

A 60-year-old woman was admitted in August 1995 complaining of abdominal pain. A diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia had been made in 1987, and myelofibrosis developed in the patient thereafter. Physical examination revealed massive hepatosplenomegaly, and the peripheral blood showed leukoerythroblastosis with chromosomal abnormalities in peripheral blood cells. In May, 1996, blastic transformation occurred. Based on the findings of surface marker analysis, the blasts met the diagnostic criteria for acete myelogenous leukemia because they were negative for peroxidase and positive for CD13. In June, the patient died of multiple organ failure. Postmortem examination revealed multiple tumor emboli.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1998

[Interstitial pneumonia preceding systemic sclerosis].

We describe a 57-year-old man with interstitial pneumonia associated with systemic sclerosis. About 3 years prior to the appearance of distinctive signs of systemic sclerosis, he was admitted to our hospital with a chronic dry cough. A chest roentgenogram on admission revealed reticulonodular shadows in both lung fields. There were no abnormal laboratory findings. Open lung biopsy specimens revealed patterns indicative of usual interstitial pneumonia, and myxomatous connective tissue within the lumen of the airways. Skin biopsy specimens showed heightened levels of collagen in the dermis, a finding consistent with systemic sclerosis. The patient was given a diagnosis of lung involvement preceding systemic sclerosis despite the absence of concurrent skin symptoms.

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia↗
PubMed1998

[Lung collapse during one lung ventilation does not change low frequency respiratory mechanics].

The present study was carried out to clarify the effects of lung collapse for one lung ventilation on respiratory system impedance during thoracic surgery. We measured the impedances of respiratory system (RS) in eight paralyzed subjects under anesthesia employing a pseudorandom noise forced volume oscillation technique. These measurements were performed before and after the one lung ventilation. The impedance values were fitted to a mathematical model consisting of a single conduit connected with a viscoelastic parenchyma. Lung collapse did not affect resistance and reactance in RS after the re-expansion. The mathematical modeling showed no significant effect of one lung ventilation on all the parameters of airway and parenchyma. There was no difference in model fit of the parameters, indicated by the presence of the goodness-of-fit parameter (chi 2), before and after lung collapse. In conclusion, lung collapse during one lung ventilation does not change low frequency respiratory mechanics.

Aged↗