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Biomedical subjects

J Sanfilippo

Publications and source records attributed to J Sanfilippo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia.

Hyperprolactinemia is the most common endocrine disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. While it can occur in men, it occurs more commonly in women. The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia ranges from 0.4% in an unselected normal adult population to as high as 9-17% in women with reproductive disorders. There are many possible causes of hyperprolactinemia, falling into three general categories: physiologic, pharmacologic and pathologic. When specific treatable underlying causes have been eliminated and in cases of severe hyperprolactinemia, the most likely cause is a prolactin (PRL)-secreting pituitary adenoma. Microadenomas should be treated medically, with a dopamine agonist, if there is an indication for therapy (such as amenorrhea, infertility or bothersome galactorrhea). If there is no indication for therapy, microadenomas may be followed conservatively, as growth is uncommon. Macroadenomas may grow larger; medical therapy is recommended initially, with neurosurgical evaluation reserved for specific clinical situations, such as failure of medical therapy and evidence of mass effect despite medical therapy. In the United States, the dopamine agonists indicated for treatment of hyperprolactinemia are bromocriptine and cabergoline. Bromocriptine is usually given once or twice daily, while cabergoline has a long duration of action and is given once or twice weekly. Results of comparative studies indicate that cabergoline is clearly superior to bromocriptine in efficacy (PRL suppression, restoration of gonadal function) and tolerability.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin decrease type 2 5 alpha-reductase and androgen receptor protein levels in women's skin.

The present study tested the hypothesis that LH/hCG may regulate the type 2 5 alpha-reductase and androgen receptor protein levels in skin. The skin samples obtained from women undergoing abdominal laparotomy or abdominoplasty were incubated in the presence or absence of hCG. Western blotting was then performed to determine the response of type 2 5 alpha-reductase and androgen receptors. The results demonstrated that treatment with hCG resulted in a significant time- and dose-dependent, although modest, decrease in 5 alpha-reductase and androgen receptor levels compared to the controls. These effects were mimicked by LH, but not by other hormones in the glycoprotein hormone family, including alpha- and beta-subunits of hCG. Although the biological and clinical importance of this regulation remains to be determined, these findings reaffirm that human skin is among the nongonadal tissues that respond to LH and hCG treatment.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1997

Looking down the prospectoscope: obstetrics/gynecology in the year 2000 and beyond.

It should be emphasized that the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is advocating that those Obstetrician/Gynecologists who wish to be included under this new designation primary care physician "provide only ambulatory primary care," states the Executive Director, Dr. Ralph W. Hale. Thus, we enter a new era and must understand the lexicons, including HMO, independent provider organization, PPO, managed care organization, exclusive provider organization, IPA, hospital-physician organization, health plan provider data and information set, physician-hospital organization and utilization management--all these have become words with increased meaning for all clinicians. It is a rare physician lounge without physicians preoccupied by discussions regarding managed care, "Have you heard the latest reimbursement schedule?" or "It's less than Medicaid," and the discussions continue indefinitely. There has been a continued effort to have physicians be cost-efficient in their approach to all aspects of obstetrical and gynecological care. Capitation has proven to be the virtually exclusive method of reimbursement. Continued care with respect to clinical outcome, resource utilization, patient satisfaction, and quality care restructuring of practice/personnel/patient approach is based on the quarterly patient surveys, which have been evaluated and carefully reviewed. Patient satisfaction with a sincere effort to provide quality of care remains the underlying theme with respect to obstetrical and gynecological patient care. These are basic tenets. What is the future of obstetrics/gynecology with respect to managed health care? It does make sense to have a planned and well-coordinated approach to delivery of obstetrical as well as gynecological care with the goal of "quality" delivered at a "lower cost" having an overall positive impact on OB/GYN health care delivery. Currently, there are a number of states which have specific legislation enabling a patient to proceed to secure gynecological without going through a "gatekeeper." As we approach the year 2000 and beyond, clearly the prediction is that this will be an ever-increasing goal and objective of state medical societies to provide easy access for women's health care. Thus, we have awakened into a new era that is hallmarked by efficient, quality medical care provided by a physician who initially trained to be a subspecialist and now is an ambulatory primary care physician.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Immunocytochemical localization of relaxin in human corpora lutea: cellular and subcellular distribution and dependence on reproductive state.

Relaxin is one of the hormones present during pregnancy and it is synthesized primarily by corpora lutea (CL). Other reproductive tissues including CL of the menstrual cycle may also synthesize this hormone. Very little is known, however, about the cellular and subcellular distribution of relaxin in human CL and dependence of luteal relaxin on the reproductive state. The light and electron microscope immunocytochemical studies described here were undertaken to obtain this information using antisera to porcine and human relaxin. Immunostaining was found in large luteal cells (17-30 microns) but not in small luteal cells (7-16 microns) or in nonluteal cells in any of the reproductive states or in human hepatocytes. Luteal immunostaining was low in early luteal phase; it increased progressively, reaching the highest level in late luteal phase, and then decreased greatly in corpora albicantia. Term pregnancy CL contained similar immunostaining as early luteal phase CL. Mid luteal phase CL contained more immunostained cells than late luteal phase CL, but the late luteal phase CL contained a greater amount of immunostaining per cell than mid luteal phase CL. The immunogold particles due to relaxin were primarily present in secretory granules and to a small extent in rough endoplasmic reticulum. Quantitation revealed that secretory granules contained a much higher number of gold particles than did rough endoplasmic reticulum. These two organelles from late luteal phase CL contained greater numbers of gold particles than those from mid luteal phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Corpus Luteum↗
PubMed1991

[Fortunes and misfortunes of a metal].

The history of amalgam (which essentially consists of mercury and silver) is briefly reviewed, from its origin through different civilizations. The various ways by which silver was extracted during colonial times are mentioned; credit for invention of the method, however, still remains unknown. Finally, the study lists the purposes for which the amalgam was originally used, mainly for the benefit of the mining industry, and only much later introduced into medicine and hence onto odontology.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1990

[Esthetic dentistry in the prehispanic world].

The dental practices found by Spaniards in the new world in the sixteenth century were totally different from the ones done in Europe at that time. They were of two types, ornamental and curative. This paper displays the diverse types of ornamental dental practices performed in pre-Hispanic America, which have nothing to do with the concept of Odontology, as the object of these practices was to impart a type of dental aesthetics different from the classical concept of beauty. Outstanding among such practices were inlays, filing and polishing of teeth, and their pigmentation.

Central America↗
PubMed1986

Binding of 125I-epidermal growth factor in human uterus.

Quantitative light-microscopic autoradiography was used on five human uteri at two different phases of the menstrual cycle to ascertain the cell types with binding sites for epidermal growth factor (EGF). The results revealed that stromal cells, glandular epithelium of endometrium, elongated and circular muscle cells of myometrium, smooth muscle and endothelial cells of arterioles in the basal endometrium and myometrium contained numerous silver grains following incubation with 125I-EGF. Coincubation with 100-fold excess unlabeled EGF resulted in a complete disappearance of silver grains from all cell types. Quantitative grain analysis indicated that stromal cells contained the highest number of EGF-binding sites (P less than 0.05) with no significant differences among the others (P greater than 0.05). There was no cyclic variation of EGF-binding to any of the uterine cell types. The present data demonstrate that all the cell types of human uterus, including arterioles, contain EGF-binding sites. This suggests that all the cells in human uterus subserving different functions are targets of EGF action.

Arterioles↗
PubMed1986

Prostaglandin binding to different cell types of human uterus: quantitative light microscope autoradiographic study.

Five human uteri of the menstrual cycle were analyzed by quantitative light microscope autoradiography to determine which uterine cell types contain prostaglandin (PG) binding sites. The results showed that stromal cells, glandular epithelium, elongated and circular smooth muscles, arterioles and erythrocytes in lumen of arterioles contained numerous PGE and very few or no detectable PGF2 alpha binding sites. The grains which were present when incubated with [3H]PGE2 alone completely disappeared following coincubation with excess unlabeled PGE2 but not with excess unlabeled PGA1. Analysis of grain count data revealed that PGE binding sites in arterioles were lower than those in other uterine cell types and PGE binding sites in endometrial cells of proliferative phase uteri were higher than those in secretory phase uteri (P less than 0.05). Thus the present results demonstrate that all the cell types, including arterioles of human uterus of the menstrual cycle, contain PGE and minimal PGF2 alpha binding sites. This suggests that PGE binding sites in different cell types of human uterus subserve diverse effects of PGEs.

Arterioles↗
PubMed1981

The presence of gonadotropin binding sites in the intracellular organelles of human ovaries.

The nuclei (N), plasma membranes (PM), mitochondria-lysosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and combined (light, medium, and heavy) Golgi (G) fractions were isolated from human ovaries. The purities of these fractions were evaluated by assays of appropriate marker enzymes, which revealed that some fractions were very pure but that others had minor contamination. When tested, all of the fractions exhibited 125I-labeled human chorionic gonadotropin (125I-hCG)-specific binding. This intracellular 125I-hCG binding was not due to PM contamination because: (1) N, which had no detectable 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NE) activity, a marker for PM, exhibited 125I-hCG-specific binding; (2) the G, which had only a fraction of the 5'-NE activity of PM, exhibited as much binding as PM; and (3) the ratios between specific 125I-hCG binding and 5'-NE activity in other fractions were not the same as for PM. They should have been the same if PM contamination was responsible for the 125I-hCG binding observed in other organelles. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that gonadotropin-binding sites are present in various intracellular organelles as well as in PM of human ovaries.

Binding Sites↗