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Biomedical subjects

J Sandford

Publications and source records attributed to J Sandford.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

A CAT-derived one to three session intervention for repeated deliberate self-harm: a description of the model and initial experience of trainee psychiatrists in using it.

We describe a new Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT)-based intervention for those who repeatedly self-harm. It is specifically designed to be deliverable by staff with no training in psychotherapy. The intervention is simply manualized into sequential tasks that are mediated by new CAT-style standardized tools. A particular feature of this intervention is the deliberate use of feelings elicited in the therapist ('counter-transference') as (a) a guide to how professional poise is being threatened or lost and (b) an indicator of the appropriate focus for this very brief therapy. The psychiatrists' reflection on their elicited feelings is mediated by a new CAT tool, the 'Assessor's Response File' developed in this project. Audiotape analysis suggested that following a very brief learning period, trainee psychiatrists were able to adhere to the structure of the model and arrive at an appropriate reformulation in the first session but tended to be collusive in reciprocating the patients' dysfunctional coping styles.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Mechanisms of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have demonstrated efficacy in depression and anxiety disorders. This raises the question of how the single action of serotonin reuptake inhibition can improve several psychiatric conditions. In order to understand this apparent paradox it is necessary to consider where SSRIs act in the pathogenic process underlying depression or anxiety disorders. Tryptophan depletion has been used extensively in research into depression and has shown that, in patients receiving an SSRI whose depression is in remission, depleting serotonin leads to recurrence of the disorder. Similar results have been found for panic disorder. This suggests that increased levels of serotonin are necessary in the synapse for the SSRI to be effective in the treatment of depression and panic disorder. In obsessive compulsive disorder, depletion of serotonin in patients recovered on an SSRI does not cause relapse; receptor adaptation may be more important. Variations within the SSRI drug class, such as the selectivity ratios for serotonin versus noradrenaline uptake, elimination half-life, and affinity for the 5-HT2 receptor have been identified and may be important determinants of efficacy, side effects and clinical use.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1993

Personal development planning.

Since the introduction of general management into the NHS in 1985, greater emphasis has been placed on managing the service through clearly defined objectives. Jill Sandford and Christine Rollin describe Lifespan Healthcare's personal development plan for managers, and report on some of the benefits it has brought the organisation.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed1984

Crossbreeding cattle in beef production programmes in Kenya. I. Comparison of purebred Boran and Boran crossed with the Charolais, Ayrshire and Santa Gertrudis breeds.

Data collected on a privately owned ranch located in the Machakos District of Kenya at approximately 2 degrees latitude south of the equator at an elevation varying from 1,675 to 2,000 m were analysed on five breed groups of cows: (1) purebred Boran, (2) 1/2 Charolais-1/2 Boran (1/2 C-1/2 B), (3) 3/4 Boran-1/4 Charolais (3/4 B-1/4 C), (4) 1/2 Ayrshire-1/2 Boran (1/2 A-1/2 B) and (5) 1/2 Santa Gertrudis-1/2 Boran (1/2 SG-1/2 B). The maternal traits evaluated included age at first calving, calving interval, calf weight at weaning and cow productivity index (calf weight weaned annually per cow calving). Mean cow productivity index for all cows was 192 kg; for purebred Boran, 174 kg; for 1/2 C-1/2 B, 200 kg; for 3/4 B-1/4 C, 191 kg; for 1/2 A-1/2 B, 210 kg; and for 1/2 SG-1/2 B, 185 kg. Cow breed groups 1/2 C-1/2 B, 3/4 B-1/4 C, 1/2 A-1/2 B and 1/2 SG-1/2 B exceeded (P less than 0.01) purebred Boran by 14.9, 9.8, 20.7 and 6.3%, respectively, in cow productivity index.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

Crossbreeding cattle in beef production programmes in Kenya. II. Comparison of purebred Boran and Boran crossed with the Red Poll and Santa Gertrudis breeds.

Two series of breed group comparisons for maternal traits were conducted at one location in Kenya. Data were collected on breed group series I for three years (Boran, 1/2 Red Poll-1/2 Boran (1/2 RP-1/2 B), 1/3 Red Poll-2/3 Boran (1/3 RP-2/3 B) and 2/3 Red Poll-1/3 Boran (2/3 RP-1/3 B) and on breed group series II for five years (Boran, 1/2 Santa Gertrudis-1/2 Boran (1/2 SG-1/2 B) and 1/2 Red Poll-1/2 Boran (1/2 RP-1/2 B]. The advantage in calf weight weaned per year per cow calving of 15.4% for the mean of three Red Poll-Boran crossbred groups over the purebred Boran in breed group series I can probably be accounted for by maternal heterosis. Thus the Red Poll breed probably does not exceed the Boran breed in additive maternal genetic effects in the environment where these data were collected. But the results suggest that the Red Poll breed exceeds the Boran breed in additive direct genetic effects for size while the Boran breed exceeds the Red Poll breed in additive maternal genetic effects as expressed by calf weight weaned per year per cow calving. Breed group series II comparisons show the Boran and the 1/2 SG-1/2 B breed groups do not differ (P greater than 0.05) in calf weight weaned per year per cow calving. The 1/2 SG-1/2 B breed group has maximum expected maternal heterosis; thus, it is indicated that the Boran breed exceeds the Santa Gertrudis breed in additive maternal genetic effects but the Santa Gertrudis breed exceeds the Boran breed in additive direct genetic effects for size.

Analysis of Variance↗