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Biomedical subjects

J Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to J Sanders.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Marrow transplantation with or without donor buffy coat cells for 65 transfused aplastic anemia patients.

Sixty-five multiply transfused patients with severe aplastic anemia were given cyclophosphamide followed by grafts anemia were given cyclophosphamide followed by grafts from HLA-identical siblings. The effect of the administration of viable donor buffy coat cells following the marrow inoculum was evaluated with regard to graft rejection and survival. Results in 43 patients so treated are presented along with those in 22 concurrent patients given marrow alone. Most patients given buffy coat had positive in vitro tests of sensitization indicating a high risk for graft rejection, while all but one of the patients given marrow alone had negative tests. Thirty of the 43 (70%) patients given marrow and buffy coat are alive between 10 and 61 mo (median 36) after grafting; 4 died after graft rejection and 6 with acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Eleven of the 22 (50%) patients given marrow alone are alive between 29 and 65 mo (median 52); 7 died after graft rejection and 3 with GVHD. The addition of buffy coat cell infusions to the marrow inoculum reduced the risk of rejection and increased survival in the currently reported transfused patients when compared to patients grafted before 1976. However, there was an increased risk of chronic GVHD. Recipients of marrow from female donors survived slightly better (73%) than recipients of male marrow (58%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Differences between circulating and tissue thyroglobulin in rats.

The mechanism whereby thyroglobulin (TG) reaches the circulation can involve either the release of newly synthesized TG or the release of colloid-stored TG from the thyroid gland. To distinguish between these possibilities, we have compared the properties of circulating and glandular TG in normal and thyroidectomized thyroid tumor-bearing rats. Circulating TG had the properties of poorly iodinated molecules; it was more susceptible to dissociation into subunits and had a lower density, the latter determined by equilibrium centrifugation in concentrated RbCl. The density of circulating TG was the same as that of glandular TG from propylthiouracil-treated rats, suggesting that circulating TG was nearly or completely devoid of iodine. Circulating TG bound to Concanavalin A-Sepharose and had a normal MCR, indicating that mannose was present and galactose was not in terminal positions, both properties of glandular TG. Since previous studies suggest that these properties cannot arise from differential clearance of TG molecules in the periphery, these data suggest that the TG in the circulation may arise from the direct release of poorly iodinated newly synthesized TG from the thyroid.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic granulocytic leukemia.

Eighteen patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation from HLA-identical sibling donors. The preparative regimen included cyclophosphamide and 1000-1500 rad total body irradiation in either single or fractionated doses. Eleven patients were transplanted in blast crisis. One died too early to evaluate. Five had recurrent leukemia, three died of interstitial pneumonia (IP), and two are living in remission after 20 and 39 months. One additional patient with blast crisis was transplanted while in remission after chemotherapy and is living in remission 28 months after transplantation. Two patients were transplanted in the accelerated phase; one died early of infection and one died of IP. Four were transplanted in the chronic phase; one died of IP, one with graft-versus-host disease, and two are living in remission 11 and 25 months after transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Acute renal failure following cardiac operations.

The incidence and course of acute renal failure following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of oliguric acute renal failure was 1.5% and the mortality rate was 27%, a figure substantially lower than previously reported. Both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis were initiated early, with a mean of 3.6 days between the onset of acute renal failure and initiation of dialysis. Survivors had a mean duration of acute renal failure of 24 days. Deaths were caused by cardiac failure (one) and sepsis (two). Mortality rate from acute renal failure complicating CPB resembles that from acute renal failure related to other causes and may be lowered by early aggressive dialysis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

Interactions among the cannabinoids in the antagonism of the abdominal constriction response in the mouse.

The ability of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11-OH THC and 8 alpha, 11-diOH THC to antagonise the abdominal constriction response in the mouse induced by formic acid, phenylquinone, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and bradykinin was tested. THC was an effective antagonist against all nociceptive agents with an ED50 in all cases between 1.0 and 2.6 mg/kg. CBN, while also effective against all nociceptive agents, was less potent than THC, with an ED50 range between 46.2 and 112.5 mg/kg. CBD in doses as high as 200 mg/kg was without effect. Using PGE1 as the nociceptive agent, 11-OH THC was equipotent to THC while 8 alpha, 11-diOH THC was inactive. Naloxone, while able to antagonise the antinociceptive effect of morphine against formic acid-induced writhing, did not reverse the antinociceptive effects of THC. There were no pharmacological interactions between THC, CBD and CBN.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1975

An alternate method for fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination of the intubated patient.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy can be performed easily on patients requiring mechanical ventilation through endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes greater than 8 mm inside diameter. In patients with smaller tubes the procedure can still be performed by passing the bronchoscope transnasally and then through the glottis alongside the endotracheal tube.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1975

Alpha adrenergic and histaminergic effects of tolazoline-like imidazolines.

For eliciting contraction of rabbit aorta, the relative potency of agonists in terms of negative log molar ED50 were: oxymetazoline (8.4) greater than naphazoline (7.95) greater than phenylephrine (7.31) greater than tetrahydrozoline (6.5) greater than tolazoline (5.80). None of the imidazolines, however, produced maximal effects equal to that of phenylephrine. All agonists were directly acting agents. The interactions between oxymetazoline and phentolamine or tolazoline and phentolamine were competitive with pA2 values of 8.1 and 8.0, respectively. Phentolamine with tetrahydrozoline, naphazoline or phenylephrine produced nearly equal KB values. Thus, all the agonists and alpha adrenoceptor blockers must act at a common site in rabbit aorta. As expected, the contraction of rabbit aorta produced by an imidazole histamine was competitively antagonized by the histamine 1 antagonist, chlorpheniramine (K B 7.6 X 10(-9) M). The antagonist failed to block the contraction produced by the imidazolines studied. On guinea-pig aorta, the relative potency of the agonists varied greatly. On guinea-pig atria, tetrahydrozoline and tolazoline produced positive chronotropic effects which were not influenced by reserpine and cocaine treatment, or treatment with a beta adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol. The histamine 2 receptor antagonist, metiamide, however, selectively blocked the cardiac effects. It is concluded that oxymetazoline and naphazoline do not activate histamine 1 or histamine 2 receptors or beta adrenoceptors. Thus, the drugs are highly specific alpha adrenoceptor stimulants. On the other hand, tetrahydrozoline and tolazoline interact with histamine 2 receptors and with alpha adrenoceptors, but not with histamine 1 receptors or with beta adrenoceptors.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with chemoradiotherapy and allogenic marrow transplantation.

Twenty patients with disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who failed conventional combination chemotherapy were treated with high-dose chemoradiotherapy and marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling. Four patients remain alive in complete remission from 153 to 784 days after transplant. The reason for failure in eight cases was persistence or relapse of lymphoma. In the other eight cases, death was due to a complication of the transplant procedure including interstitial pneumonia, veno-occlusive disease of the liver, graft-versus-host disease, or infection. These results appear similar to those previously observed in patients with acute leukemia in relapse in that a small but significant proportion of patients with otherwise end-stage disease may achieve prolonged complete remission after intensive chemoradiotherapy and allogeneic marrow transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinotopic organization of human visual cortex: departures from the classical model.

Retinotopic mapping strategies similar to those used for invasive electrophysiological studies to identify multiple visual areas in monkeys have been adapted for noninvasive studies in humans, using magnetic recordings of brain activity in conjunction with anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. The retinotopic organization of the primary visual area (V1) in the left hemisphere of human subjects was examined by presenting a small patterned stimuli near the vertical and horizontal meridians in the lower right visual field. In contrast with the classical model of V1 retinotopy, our results suggest that the representation of the horizontal meridian does not necessarily correspond in a one-to-one manner with the base of the calcarine fissure and that some lower field stimuli can activate regions in the lower bank of the fissure. The results also indicate significant individual variability in the details of how V1 maps around the calcarine fissure.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local adenovirus-mediated delivery of hirudin in a rabbit arterial injury model.

UNLABELLED: Intravascular delivery of an E1/E3 deleted adenovirus encoding the hirudin protein reduces neointimal formation in the rat arterial injury model. Given the interspecies variability in response to adenoviral vectors, we tested this same construct in the hirudin-sensitive cholesterol-fed rabbit arterial balloon injury model. We hypothesized that local delivery of an E1/E3-deleted adenovirus encoding hirudin (Ad-Hir) in addition to early hirudin infusion would limit neointimal formation compared to early hirudin alone. METHODS AND RESULTS: Local delivery of Ad-Hir, 2.5 x 10(10) PFU/ml, using a double balloon catheter [n = 6 vessels (v)] produced a 79% reduction in vessel wall thrombin activity at 48 h after balloon angioplasty (BA) compared with vehicle (Veh, n = 6v; p = 0. 05). In chronic experiments, hypercholesterolemic rabbits underwent femoral BA, and received either early hirudin alone (n = 9v) or early hirudin plus locally delivered Ad-Hir (early hirudin + Ad-Hir; n = 9v), an E1/E3-deleted adenovirus encoding beta-galactosidase (early hirudin + AdGal; n = 7v), or Veh (early hirudin + Veh; n = 10v). Early hirudin + Ad-Hir did not limit the arterial response to injury versus the other groups at 4 weeks after BA. Plaque area, cross-sectional luminal area narrowing by plaque, and T cell infiltration were significantly increased in the adenovirus- versus non-adenovirus-treated arteries. Plaque area correlated with T cell density. CONCLUSION: Following BA in cholesterol-fed rabbits, local transduction with A-Hir produced a marked reduction in vessel wall-associated thrombin activity. However, this strategy increased rather than decreased the arterial response to BA injury. Our results suggest that the lack of therapeutic effect resulted from adenovirus-stimulated plaque formation, possibly resulting from a T cell-mediated inflammatory response.

Adenoviruses, Human↗