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Biomedical subjects

J Salmon

Publications and source records attributed to J Salmon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Hereditary melanoma in Australia. Variable association with dysplastic nevi and absence of genetic linkage to chromosome 1p.

Hereditary cutaneous malignant melanoma in association with the presence of multiple precursor lesions termed the dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS) has been reported to display autosomal dominant inheritance with high penetrance. The gene for this disease was recently assigned to the distal short arm of chromosome 1 on chromosomal band 1p36, 7.6 centimorgans distal to the locus for the pronatrodilatin (PND) gene. We assessed 119 family members of eight newly described Australian families, 30 of whom had cutaneous malignant melanoma. Only eight of these affected individuals also had dysplastic nevi (DN). An additional 15 family members had DN alone. Pedigrees fell into three groups: 1) hereditary melanoma alone with no associated DN, 2) hereditary melanoma with occasional DN-affected individuals, and 3) hereditary melanoma with DN. All families displayed an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. An analysis of the cosegregation of the cutaneous malignant melanoma/DN trait with eight polymorphic DNA markers on the short arm of chromosome 1, including the distally located DNA markers D1S47 and PND yielded a strongly negative probability of linkage. The putative gene for susceptibility to melanoma in these families was effectively excluded from this region of the short arm of chromosome 1. No evidence for linkage was found at any of the other chromosome 1 markers examined. These findings suggest that hereditary melanoma is heterogeneous in relation to the genetic basis and its association with the DNS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin and theophylline alone and in combination.

The pharmacokinetic interactions of ofloxacin (2 X 200 mg) and theophylline (3 X 200 mg) were investigated in 12 healthy volunteers over a period of two weeks. In the first week, theophylline was given over five days to reach a steady state. In the second week, the combination of theophylline and ofloxacin was applied. Cmax, tmax, AUC0-8, the serum elimination constant and serum half-life of theophylline were not changed when theophylline was given alone or in combination with ofloxacin. The kinetic parameters of ofloxacin were in accordance with data from the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A small phospholipase inhibitory factor released by cultured cell lines.

Cells of the mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264 release a dialysable inhibitor of phospholipase activity into their culture medium. This inhibitor can be detected in saline solution, Hanks solution and a variety of tissue culture media in the presence or absence of serum. The inhibitor is stable at 4 degrees C, unaffected by trypsin, nucleases, or boiling, and partially extractable with chloroform/methanol. The release of both arachidonic acid and prostaglandins from mouse macrophages or human monocytes is inhibited by this material. A variety of other cell types release the inhibitor, which is effective against stimulation of arachidonic acid release from cultured macrophages by zymosan, serum, immune complexes and the calcium ionophore A23187.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Macrophage Fc gamma 2b receptor expression and receptor-mediated phospholipase activity: regulation by endogenous eicosanoids.

The expression of Fc gamma 2b receptors and receptor-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism by murine peritoneal macrophages was examined in vitro. The expression of Fc gamma 2b receptors was found to increase progressively with time in culture and this increase was dependent on protein synthesis and glycosylation. The increase in Fc gamma 2b receptor expression was inhibited by hydrocortisone and by BW755C, an inhibitor of both the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. Inhibition by BW755C was found to be reversed in the presence of exogenous leukotriene D4. In contrast, selective inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway by indomethacin enhanced the increase in receptor expression. This enhancement was only partially reversed by exogenous prostaglandin (PG)E2. Interaction of the Fc gamma 2b receptor with ligand in the form of erythrocytes specifically sensitized with IgG2b resulted in the release and subsequent metabolism of arachidonic acid. PGE2 was found to be the principal product. Occupation of the Fc gamma 2a receptor did not result in arachidonic acid release. Down regulation of Fc gamma 2b receptor expression produced a commensurate reduction in receptor-mediated phospholipase activity measured by arachidonic acid release. Macrophages cultured for 24 h in the presence of fetal calf serum without additional stimuli produced substantial amounts of eicosanoids. PGI2 was the principal product. Taken together these data demonstrate a potential feedback regulation of receptor-triggered arachidonic acid metabolism by eicosanoids acting at the level of Fc gamma 2b receptor expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Heterocyclic analogues of chlorcyclizine with potent hypolipidemic activity.

A series of [alpha-(heterocyclyl)benzyl]piperazines was synthesized and their effect of reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the rat was evaluated. A systematic exploration of the structure-activity relationships led to the synthesis of (R,S)-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)[4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl] (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methane dihydrochloride (M&B 31 426), which had potent activity in lowering serum lipid levels at a daily oral dose of 2 mg/kg and was 100 times more potent than clofibrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Appearance of specific antigenic proteins in the maturing sexual organs of Sinapis flowers.

Three proteins specific to the flowering state were found in Sinapis by immunological techniques. Two of these are specific to the stamen and one to the pistil. By the use of a histoimmunofluorescence technique their localization in the developing flower primordia and in the apex was examined during the transition to flowering. These proteins are not detected in the apex at evocation. They all appear at a relatively late stage of stamen or pistil maturation. The stamen proteins are localized in both the intine and exine layers of pollen grains in stamens 2-3 mm long; at anthesis they are essentially in the exine. The pistil protein is found in the stigma and in the transmitting tissue of the style. All these proteins contain sugar residues. A possible implication of these proteins in the process of male-female recognition is discussed.

Antigens↗
PubMed1984

Normal speech for patients with laryngeal webs: an achievable goal.

Normal speech as well as an improved airway is now an achievable goal in the treatment of laryngeal webs. Seven acquired webs and 3 congenital webs were seen at the North Carolina Baptist Hospital/Bowman Gray School of Medicine. The speech of 6 patients was tested preoperatively and again postoperatively: speech was considered normal postoperatively in 5 patients without the need for speech therapy; normal in the sixth patient after 6 sessions of speech therapy. The authors' preferred method of treatment is development of an endolaryngeal mucosal flap with a variable beam CO2 laser under operating microscopic control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Single and repeated dose kinetics of the hypnotic agent loprazolam in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of loprazolam have been studied in eight healthy male volunteers after single and repeated 2 mg oral doses taken at night, for eight nights. The absorption and disposition of unchanged drug (HPLC-GC assay) and receptor active benzodiazepine-type materials (radioreceptor assay) were examined after the first and eighth dose. Maximum levels of approximately 10 ng ml-1 (range 3.6 to 15.5 ng ml-1) were reached within about 2.5 h after dosing. The post-peak levels declined in a single exponential fashion with an overall mean +/- SD half-life of 7.06 +/- 1.98 h and total areas under the curve ranging from 35.9 to 189.0 ng ml-1 h. There were no statistical differences between the values for the first and eighth doses. There was no evidence to suggest that significant accumulation of parent drug or receptor active benzodiazepine-type materials had occurred, and it is concluded that the kinetics of loprazolam would allow repeated daily doses of 2 mg.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Platelets, lysosomal enzymes and anaphylactic shock in the rat].

1. Rat serum levels in beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase are higher than plasma levels. Rat platelets release these lysosomial enzymes during blood coagulation in vitro. 2. After anaphylactic shock, in the sensitized rat, there is no increase in beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase plasma levels. The tissues of the sensitized rat do not release these enzymes during the antigen-antibody reaction. The blood platelet level is diminished after anaphylactic shock and the serum levels of the lysosomial enzymes are decreased. 3. In thrombopenic rat, anaphylactic shock is identical as in control animals. Rat platelets do not play a significant role in the anaphylactic shock.

Anaphylaxis↗