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Biomedical subjects

J Sahel

Publications and source records attributed to J Sahel.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

["Melanoma 92". epidemiological study of uveal melanoma in France].

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the incidence of uveal melanoma in France in 1992, to describe the characteristics of the tumors and their treatments. METHODS: This was a retrospective and multicentric study. First a questionnaire was sent to 4575 French ophthalmologists asking whether they had established a diagnosis of uveal melanoma during 1992, and if so, to describe the tumor and its management. Then the patients files were reviewed in the specialized treatment centers (Paris, Lyon, Nice, Strasbourg, Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand). All the data were statistically analysed. RESULTS: 412 new cases of uveal melanomas were registered (incidence 0.7/100000) affecting 234 females and 178 males. The cases ranged in age from 7 to 93 years (mean 61.5 years). There were 5 (1%) isolated tumors of the iris, 75 (18%) of the ciliary body, either isolated (10%) either associated to iris and/or to choroïdal tumors and 332 (81%) choroïdal melanomas. 201 (53%) tumors were posterior to the equator and 153 (40%) had a margin at less than 3 mm of the optic disc; 87 (21%) melanomas were detected in asymptomatic patients. In 29 (7%) other cases, the diagnosis was established after enlargement of the tumor. In all other eyes, symptoms were present. 17% of the melanomas were T1, 34% were T2, et 48% were T3. 353 (86%) melanomas were pigmented, 30 (7%) were achromic and 29 (7%) of the mixed color type. 156 (38%) tumors were associated with a retinal detachment. In 12 cases (3%), at presentation there was an extrascleral extension. 9 patients (2%) had metastases (7 to the liver, 1 to the lungs and 1 to the lungs and bones). The study of the patients residence and work did not show any environmental risk factor. The initial treatment was protontherapy in 251 patients (63%), plaque therapy in 91 (23%), enucleation in 40 (10%), and other methods in 18. CONCLUSION: This was the first epidemiologic study conducted in France on this subject. It describes the clinical features of the disease, its geographical display and its management in this country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Influence of age and biliary lithiasis on the diameter of the common bile duct].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of age and biliary lithiasis in the dilatation of the biliary ducts, a retrospective analysis was performed of the cholangiograms obtained by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients presenting or with a past-history of biliary lithiasis and in controls. METHODS: Among 165 patients, 113 had choledocolithiasis (53 had gallstones, 50 had been cholecystectomized and 10 had no gallstones), 35 had gallstones and 17 had been cholecystectomized for gallstones. RESULTS: The diameter of the main biliary duct was significantly increased in the presence of common bile duct stones (14.0 +/- 4.9 mm), in cholecystectomized patients (11.7 +/- 4.3 mm), in presence of gallstones (9.2 +/- 2.4 mm). The diameter of the biliary ducts was significantly correlated with age in patients (r = 0.27; P = 0.001) and in controls (r = 0.31; P = 0.02). The different factors related to the dilatation of the main biliary duct were classified using a stepwise discriminant analysis: 1: choledocolithiasis, 2: age, 3: cholecystectomy, 4: gallstones. CONCLUSION: There is a moderate but significant statistical correlation between age and the dilatation of the common bile duct, independent of the presence of biliary lithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Ocular involvement in dermatomyositis. Apropos of the case of a 15-year-old girl].

We relate the case of a 15 years old girl who suffered a sudden and severe bilateral lowering of the eyesight, on the occasion of a dermatomyositis. The evolution, over a year, showed a remission of the systematic appearances but there was a limited recovery of the eyesight, the diffuse retinal lesions are the sign of a more extensive vascular problem, found in case of paediatric dermatomyositis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Survival and regeneration of adult human photoreceptors in vitro.

Adult human retina from enucleated ocular tissue was enzymatically dissociated and plated into plastic dishes for cell culture in serum-supplemented medium. Within a few days following seeding, islands of glial-like cells with rounded neurons growing on top of them were visible. Immunocytochemical labelling of these cultures revealed that virtually all the surviving neurons (> 98%) were rod photoreceptors, and that they extended long neurites across the glial cell surface. Hence, adult human photoreceptors retain a remarkable capacity for survival and regrowth, and such preparations may be of value for physiopathological and retinal grafting studies.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1994

Percutaneous treatment of hydatid cysts under sonographic guidance.

Nine patients (five males, four females) with 14 hydatid cysts were treated with albendazole and percutaneous drainage under sonographic guidance. All but two cysts were hepatic. The average cyst diameter was 81.5 mm (range: 42-180 mm). There were eight type 1 cysts, two type 2, three type 3, and a single type 4. Type 1 and 2 cysts were treated by needle aspiration, type 3 and 4 by needle decompression and catheter drainage. The residual cavity was irrigated with 30% hypertonic saline and injected with absolute alcohol. Biliary fistulization contraindicated alcohol use. All cysts were successfully treated. A single episode of reversible anaphylaxis was encountered. Serial sonographic examinations revealed residual cavities ranging from 10 to 35 mm in diameter. No new cysts were noted during an average follow-up of 9.6 months. The mean hospital stay was 48 hr. Percutaneous drainage of hydatid cysts is a relatively safe and cost-effective procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Biliary stenting in benign biliary stenosis complicating chronic calcifying pancreatitis.

This a retrospective study of 19 patients presenting with chronic pancreatitis and benign stenosis of the common bile duct, who were followed up for periods ranging from 13 months to 48 months after biliary stenting (average 18 months). There were 18 men and one woman, aged between 38 and 65 years (average 49 years). The mean duration of the disease before stenting was seven years (range 1-25 years). Symptoms were present in ten patients: obstructive jaundice in four cases, cholangitis in three cases, and biliary colic in three cases. Nine patients without clinical complaints presented with chronic cholestasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed 15 long, regular stenoses of the intrapancreatic course of the common bile duct, three short stenoses located at the upper margin of the head of the pancreas, and one biliary stenosis associated with peripheral compression by a cyst of the head of the pancreas. Forty endoscopic biliary stenting procedures were performed in the 19 patients over a six-year period. Successful insertion of the prosthesis was achieved in 39 cases. Two complications occurred: one duodenal ulceration and one stent migration into the bile duct. The mean duration of biliary stenting was ten months. Only two patients (10%) had complete clinical, biological, and radiological recovery. Complete failure of biliary stenting was observed in six patients (31%). Eleven patients (59%) had partial results: six (31%) had biological improvement although the biliary stricture persisted, and five were clinically asymptomatic but had cholestasis, and still presented with biliary stenosis in four cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Radiotherapy of ocular melanoma: physical and radiobiological bases, current techniques and future prospects].

Primitive ocular melanoma is a rare tumor in adults. Although this tumor is radio-resistant and located in a very radiosensitive organ, a conservative approach using radiotherapy is feasible for small or medium size melanomas. The physical and radiobiological basis of the techniques presently used, brachytherapy and protontherapy, are presented together with the complications inherent to each treatment. Future prospects discussed concern the association of hyperthermia with conventional irradiation and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The relevance of each technique with reference to the size and location of the tumor is discussed.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Morphological characterization of cell lines of human uveal melanoma].

Several cell lines have been derived from an ocular melanoma obtained from an enucleated patient. Three cell types are observed during the time in culture of all the cell lines under study. Two of them have epithelial and spindle shape respectively. A third cell type, having a spheroidal shape, is formed from spindle cells and may be transformed into epithelial cells upon re-seeding. Further experiments showed that the same cell may change of shape following the cycle: spheroidal-->epithelial-->fusiform-->spheroidal. Scanning microscopy shows the coexistence of the three cell shapes in the same culture and the presence of several filaments and processes protruding at the surface of the cells. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the cell lines, in general, contain melanosomes empty or fairly pigmented and several filaments and microtubules. The presence of melanin may be stimulated by seeding of melanoma cells over a "feeder layer" of fibroblasts.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Therapy by neutron capture of ocular melanoma: dosimetry and microdosimetry].

Neutron capture therapy (NCT) aims at destroying cancerous cells with the alpha and 7Li particles produced by the neutron capture reaction on 10B. This note reports on the study of the boron distribution in tissues on an animal model (nude mice) xenografted with a human ocular melanoma after an i.p.injection of 2g/kg of 10B-BPA and in cells cultured in the presence of 530 mumol/l of 10B-BPA. A concentration of 64 ppm of 10B in the active part of the tumour with a ratio of concentrations versus the skin of 3.7 are observed. Investigations on cells reveal the presence of boron in the cytoplasm. The biological, dosimetric and microdosimetric consequences of these findings are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Capsulorhexis and manual extracapsular extraction of the crystalline lens. Theoretical and practical considerations].

Four cases of inadvertent intracapsular lens delivery secondary to zonular lysis occurring during planned manual extracapsular cataract extraction were reported. Theoretical and practical considerations were presented based on these observations and literature review. These considerations would suggest relaxing incisions when capsulorhexis and planned extracapsular cataract extraction are associated.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Management of cysts and pseudocysts complicating chronic pancreatitis. A retrospective study of 143 patients.

One hundred and forty-three patients presenting with 170 cysts and pseudocysts complicating chronic pancreatitis were followed between 1980 and 1990. Thirteen patients were managed conservatively and pseudocysts spontaneously disappeared in 11 patients. Cysts were small (average 28 mm), often communicating with the ductal system without dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. Percutaneous puncture was performed in 47 patients with a low morbidity rate (5%) but a high rate of recurrence (57%). Thirteen of 39 patients (33%) who underwent percutaneous puncture as initial treatment did not require further therapy. Communication of pancreatic cysts with the ductal system was associated with poorer results after percutaneous puncture. Percutaneous drainage was performed in 9 patients with a low morbidity rate (12%). The mean duration of drainage was 10.4 days. Five patients were definitively cured. Seventy-eight endoscopic cystoenterostomies were performed in 71 patients. Complications occurred in 12 patients (15.3%) and one patient died (1.3%). Endoscopic cystoenterostomy was effective in 39 of 54 patients initially treated with this technique (72.2%). Sixty-three patients underwent surgical management, principally internal drainage (83%), with a morbidity rate of 13.2% and a mortality rate of 1.3%. Twenty-one of the 29 patients (72%) who underwent surgery as initial treatment did not require further therapy. Endoscopic cystoenterostomy is an efficient treatment of cysts and pseudocysts complicating CP when anatomical conditions are favorable. Percutaneous drainage also appears to be a satisfactory treatment modality. Surgery should be considered in cases of failure or technical impossibility of endoscopic or percutaneous approaches.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Hereditary protein lithiasis and calcium lithiasis: two different forms of hereditary pancreatitis].

We previously reported that the most frequent cases of chronic pancreatitis were the consequence of pancreatic lithiasis and that there were different forms of pancreatic lithiasis with different etiologies and composition of calculi. The most frequent form is the calcic lithiasis, generally due to nutritional disorders. The second most frequent form is proteic lithiasis. In this paper, we report 1.) Ten hereditary cases on a total of 36 patients presenting with proteic lithiasis (age at clinical onset 15 +/- 12 years); 2.) one hereditary case on a total of 150 patients with proteic lithiasis. In these two different maladies, the transmission seems to be dominant, autosomal with incomplete penetrance. Hereditary pancreatitis is therefore a group of at least two different diseases, hereditary protein lithiasis, the most frequent one and hereditary calcic lithiasis exceptional.

Adolescent↗