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Biomedical subjects

J Sadowska

Publications and source records attributed to J Sadowska.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Immunofluorescent localization of the StAR protein in mitochondria of mouse Leydig cells in vitro.

The Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) protein is assumed to enhance the rate-limiting step of the steroid biosynthesis. Now, it is the most likely candidate, responsible for acutely regulating transfer of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. In this study, the immunoreactive StAR protein was observed in the mitochondria of mouse cultured Leydig cells stimulated by hCG andtesticular macrophage-conditioned medium. Immunocytochemistry was performed using a polyclonal rabbit antibody against the StAR protein. For selective staining of mitochondria in Leydig cells, the Mito Tracker dye was used. Computerized, superimposed images from double-fluorescence staining showed a remarkable degree of similarity in the distribution of the StAR protein and mitochondria, indicating mitochondrial localization of StAR.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Establishment and development of the self-governed health case system in the Austrian sector of Poland].

Transformation and development of organisational matters, characteristic for the 18th and 19th centuries, included the issue of public health care. The development of economy, social and medical sciences changed the understanding of joint responsibility of the state for public health. The Teresian-Josephine reforms in Austria, concerning public issues, including the sanitary-epidemiological matters, were enforced in the areas of Polish annexed territory in 1772 and 1795. The normative regulations for Galicia and Lodomeria from 1773, 1861, 1891 established the responsibilities and rights for medical practice, activities of sanitary institutions and general medical care for the society. Austrian sanitary legislation created central institutions and self-governed local structures, responsible for public health. Introduction of modern local administration had a deciding effect on the development of self-governed institutions in closed and open health care system. Apart from sanitary national administration, public health care matters were governed by local-governed authorities of the insurance sector and private subjects. This advanced decentralisation and handing of health care matters to local self-governments shaped the new system of public health care.

Austria↗
PubMed2000

Localization of cytochrome P450 aromatase and estrogen receptors alpha and beta in testicular cells--an immunohistochemical study of the bank vole.

Age- and light-dark cycle-induced changes in immunoexpression of aromatase and estrogen receptors alpha and beta were studied in testes of a seasonally breeding rodent, the bank vole. Seasonal breeding can be mimicked by exposure to different light cycle regimes. In testes of animals that were exposed to long light cycles of 18 h light and 6 h darkness aromatase was in Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules, mainly in spermatocytes, whereas in animals exposed to short light cycles (6 h light and 18 h darkness), only Leydig cells exhibited positive immunostaining for aromatase. Whatever the age of animals, immunostaining for estrogen receptor alpha was restricted to Leydig cells, whereas estrogen receptor beta immunoreactivity was mainly confined to Sertoli cells of both of immature and adult animals, independently of the regimes of light. Additionally, in testes of animals that were exposed to long light cycles, estrogen receptor beta immunoreactivity was observed in seminiferous tubules. Nuclei of germ cells, predominantly spermatocytes and elongated spermatids, were strongly positive which correlated well with aromatase immunoreactivity. As far as we know, the present study is the first study that describes immunoexpression of aromatase and both estrogen receptors alpha and beta in testis of the bank vole. We provide strong evidence that estrogens are not only produced in Leydig cells but also in germ cells in this rodent. These female hormones may play a physiological role in testis, likely in the development of germ cells during spermatogenesis.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

[Public health care in Poland in the Prussian Sector].

Modernization processes in modern European countries, characterised by the development of contemporary organisational structures, have led to a wider range of public health and hygiene activities. New, developing ideas of public health care demonstrated the need for competent institutions, operating within national government and administration structures, capable of preventing mass epidemics and of eliminating factors from the external environment which area danger to health. These attempts were fulfilled in the beginning of the 19th century. The Prussian state and then united German empire was, at that time, a classical example for the effective organisation of self-governed public health care organisations. In the Prussian sector, public health care matters were governed by the boards of provincial, regional and district authorities. In this sector public health care was also the responsibility of sanitary commissions, which were a continuation of the earlier, so called, medical police forces. The studies devoted to the issue formulated in the title show that within the three-sector scale in partitioned Poland, the Prussian sector could serve as an example of optimal systemic solutions, not only for self-governed health care, but also for a health insurance system. These concepts were the basis for the model of public health care after 1918, in the Public state liberated from its oppressors.

Germany↗
PubMed2000

[Epidemic risks and their management in Łódź between 1945-1950].

The sanitary and anti-epidemic activities in Łódź between 1945-1950 were characterized by a determination to maintain the good health of the citizens. At that time Łódź just like other industrial conurbations, was in a very difficult economic, social and epidemiological situation. The multisector health care system, operative at the time, which was based on organizational structures from before 1939, effectively managed the risks of epidemics. In this difficult post-war period epidemics of endemic typhus, diphtheria and scarlet fever were successfully managed in Łódź, and the incidence of other acute infectious diseases decreased significantly. The sanitary conditions in the city also greatly improved. The structures of sanitary units were restored, and they in turn developed and enforced the outlines of anti-epidemic activities. The changes occurring after 1948, which aimed at the centralization of the national government, changed the range of responsibility of various institutions for the epidemiological situation in the country.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1999

The effect of testicular macrophages, macrophage-conditioned medium and interleukin-1alpha on the cytoskeleton of bank vole Leydig cells.

Recently, morphological and functional interactions between cytoskeletal elements and their involvement in cell movements, shape changes and/or translocation of organelles have been intensively studied. Thus, the aim of our work was to determine whether testicular macrophages and/or their products have an influence on Leydig cell cytoskeleton. The source of Leydig cells and macrophages were male bank voles from spring and autumn generations, reared in different regime of light for 7-8 weeks. The Leydig cells were growing in monocultures or in co-cultures with testicular macrophages. All cell cultures were divided to controls or human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated ones. To some of the cultures testicular macrophage-conditioned medium or interleukin-1alpha were added. The cells were analysed immunocytochemically and radioimmunologically. In Leydig cells obtained from animals kept in a long day, grown in co-cultures with macrophages as well as in those stimulated by testicular macrophage-conditioned medium, distinct rearrangements of microtubules and microfilaments were observed. This phenomenon was strengthened in the presence of hCG in culture media. Concomitantly, basal and hCG-stimulated level of testosterone was enhanced, which indicates the possible involvement of the cytoskeleton in the process of androgen biosynthesis. The influence of IL-1alpha on reorganization of cytoskeletal structures was not observed, suggesting that in the modulation of steroidogenesis by this cytokine cytoskeletal elements do not play an important role.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Not Available].

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History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1999

[Health care organization in the sickness insurance system of Vilna region (1922-1933)].

Recent historio-medical researches carried out during the period of the II Republic of Poland enable a deep analysis of the changes that were taking place in the public health domain also in Vilna region. The approved by the State after 1918 legislative and organizational norms forming the structure of multisectorial health services including health insurance gradually modernized together with the borders assignation and incorporation of the previously annexed territories in Poland. With reference to the Vilna province the mentioned process began since 1922. The sickness insurance system in Vilna region developed by the national health Services (sick-fund) up to 1933 contributed to the establishment- in this region of a modern health care organization. The insured health services being a progressive one in the field of organization and methods of activity-secured for the working people of the Vilna province easily available and multispecialistic health services. In accordance with West Europa tendencies the solutions in the field of sickness-insurance contained an inspirational meaning to the entirety of the preventive and curative health activities for the whole Polish society.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed1998

[Public health matters in the early-Capitalistic period (XVII-XIX century].

Modern opinion about people community formulated by philosophers and economists has shown essence of the public health care problem. Together with development of medical knowledge about man and his social role, sense of understanding joint responsibility of the government for health matters of the nation has been changing. Political and economical transformations in the era of early industrialisation tiggered in people need for making their material and health state better. This base was strenghtened by the French Revolution in proclaimed rights to freedom and individual life in the society. Modern adjusted to the epoch inner structures of undergoing modernization European countries, considered issues of the public health care in wider range. Sanitary, hygienic and epidemic problems as well as new health- and life-threatening factors in working population and pathology.

History, 17th Century↗
PubMed1997

Lysosomal acid phosphatase activity and progesterone secretion by porcine corpora lutea at various periods of the luteal phase.

Four types of porcine corpora lutea were excised at four different stages of the luteal phase. One group of corpora lutea was homogenized and the concentration of progesterone was assayed. The second part was homogenized for measurement of acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity. The third part was sectioned at -20 degrees C in a cryostat and stained histochemically for acid phosphatase activity. The product of acid phosphatase reaction indicated fewer lysosomes in the luteal cells of early developing corpora lutea, increasing as luteal phase progressed. As the level of progesterone declined in the terminal phase of the cycle, there was a maximal increase in the number of lysosomes and ACPase activity. These events resulted in final regression of corpora lutea. The decrease of the lysosomal reaction in the late regressing corpora lutea is probably due to the extreme fragility of the lysosomes at that stage.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

[The battle against acute infections in Poland between the two world wars of the twentieth century, 1918-1939].

In the health policy of the Polish State during the period between the two World Wars, the fight against acute and chronic infectious diseases was considered as a great priority. Besides legislative activities, the most important task in this policy, was the organization of the institutional forms of medical care and permanent preventive activities, as well as the formation of the people's health awareness and responsibility. Those activities resulted in, among others, the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to acute infections and social diseases. The progress in the health care was the result of a consistent cooperation between all medical care sectors, medical associations, social and scientific institutions and the essential financial support from the international organizations.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1994

Selection of antibody single-chain variable fragments with improved carbohydrate binding by phage display.

A single-chain variable fragment (Fv) version of a murine monoclonal antibody, Se155-4, specific for Salmonella serogroup B O-polysaccharide, was used as a model system for testing monovalent phage display as a route for enhancing the relatively low affinities that typify anti-carbohydrate antibodies. Random single-chain Fv mutant libraries generated by chemical and error-prone polymerase chain reaction methods were panned against the serogroup B lipopolysaccharide. Panning of a randomly mutated heavy chain variable domain library indicated selection for improved serogroup B binders and yielded six mutants, five of which showed wild type activity by enzyme immunoassay. Two of these were apparently selected on the basis of better functional single-chain Fv yield in Escherichia coli. A heavy chain mutation (Ile77-->Thr) in one mutant, 3B1, appeared to have a particularly dramatic effect, resulting in yields of approximately 120 mg/liter of functional periplasmic product. The sixth mutant, 4B2, had complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) and CDR2 mutations and demonstrated 10-fold improved binding, by enzyme immunoassay, relative to the wild type. Extensive analysis of antigen-antibody interactions indicated that the improved binding properties of 4B2 were attributable to a higher association rate constant and interaction with an epitope that is larger than the trisaccharide recognized by the wild type. None of the mutations involved known trisaccharide contact residues; this was consistent with analysis of wild type and mutant single-chain Fvs by titration microcalorimetry. Examination of the structure indicated that two mutations in the heavy chain CDR2 provided improved surface complementarity between the protein and the extended epitope encompassing 2 additional hexose residues. However, introduction of only the CDR2 mutations into the wild type structure failed to confer the improved binding properties of 4B2, indicating an indirect effect by the more distant mutations. Panning of randomly mutated light chain variable domain and full-length single-chain Fv mutant libraries did not yield mutants with improved assembly or binding properties.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

Effect of C lambda-C kappa domain switching on Fab activity and yield in Escherichia coli: synthesis and expression of genes encoding two anti-carbohydrate Fabs.

We have used a strategy of hybrid gene synthesis and constant domain shuffling to construct and functionally express in Escherichia coli genes encoding two anti-carbohydrate Fabs, one specific for a Brucella cell-surface polysaccharide and the second for the human blood group A determinant. Very similar VL amino acid sequences made possible the simultaneous synthesis of the two corresponding genes. A class switching approach was used in Fd and light chain gene assembly. The two independently synthesized VH genes were fused to a previously made sequence encoding the C(gamma 1)1 domain as an alternative to synthesis of the natural C gamma 2b 1 and C mu 1 sequences. The VL genes were initially coupled to a synthetic C kappa gene. When these light chain and the above Fd genes, each preceded by the ompA signal sequence, were expressed from two-cistron DNA, yields of functional periplasmic Fab were low and, in each instance, limited by light chain availability. Replacement of the C kappa domains with a C lambda 1 domain resulted in a significant increase in the amount of soluble periplasmic light chain and functional Fab for both the Brucella and blood group A antibodies. The C kappa and C lambda 1 forms of each of the Brucella and blood group A Fabs, with His5 fusions at the C-termini of the Fd chains, were purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Developmental tendencies of public health services on Polish lands before and after 1918].

On the basis of the up to now historic-medical researches we can state that sanitarian legislation of the repacious states (Austria, Prussia, Russia) had a decisive influence on public health services development on Polish lands in XIX century. In the elaboration of the polish services project, actively participated the medical Association of Cracow and Warsaw. The presented approaches realizes in the liberated polish State, considered the desire for health services administration union, as well as underlined the decisive role of the urban and district self-government in the organization of health care services. In the multisectorial structure of medical care, public health services-state and self-governed, were rendering services for the whole of population. Some of the important achievements were: accessibility to the public of numerous medical care units, declination of mortality coefficient because of acute and social infective diseases, wide range of preventive activities, etc.

Health Services↗
PubMed1993

Probing the combining site of an anti-carbohydrate antibody by saturation-mutagenesis: role of the heavy-chain CDR3 residues.

The carbohydrate-binding site in Fab fragments of an antibody specific for Salmonella serogroup B O-polysaccharide has been probed by site-directed mutagenesis using an Escherichia coli expression system. Of the six hypervariable loops, the CDR3 of the heavy chain was selected for exhaustive study because of its significant contribution to binding-site topography. A total of 90 mutants were produced and screened by an affinity electrophoresis/Western blotting method. Those of particular interest were further characterized by enzyme immunoassay, and on this basis seven of the mutant Fabs were selected for thermodynamic characterization by titration microcalorimetry. With regard to residues that hydrogen bond to ligand through backbone interactions, Gly102H could not be substituted, while several side chains could be introduced at Gly100H and Tyr103H with relatively little effect on antigen binding. There was, however, a preference for nonpolar side chains at position 103H. Substitution of His101H with carboxylate and amide side chains gave mutants with binding affinities approaching that of the wild type; complete side-chain removal by mutation to Gly was tolerated with a 10-fold reduction in binding constant. Analysis of binding by titration microcalorimetry revealed some dramatic thermodynamic changes hidden by the similarity of the binding constants. Similar effects were observed with residue changes in an Arg-Asp salt-bridge at the base of the loop. These results indicate that alterations to higher affinity anti-carbohydrate antibodies are characterized by an enthalpy-entropy compensation factor which allows for fundamental changes in the nature of the binding interactions but impedes engineering for increases in affinity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Not Available].

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Economics, Medical↗
PubMed1991

Bacterial expression and secretion of various single-chain Fv genes encoding proteins specific for a Salmonella serotype B O-antigen.

Active single-chain Fv molecules encoded by synthetic genes have been expressed and secreted to the periplasm of Escherichia coli using the ompA secretory signal. Four different constructs were developed to investigate the effects of peptide linker design and VL-VH orientation on expression, secretion, and binding to a Salmonella O-polysaccharide antigen. Peptide linker sequences derived from the elbow regions of the Fab molecule were used alone or in combination with the flexible (GGGGS)2 sequence. VL and VH domain order in the single chain molecules had a profound effect on the level of secretion but hardly influenced total expression levels, which were approximately 50 mg/liter, chiefly in the form of inclusion bodies. With VL in the NH2-terminal position, the amount of secreted product obtained was 2.4 mg/liter, but when VH occupied this position the yield was less than 5% of this value. Enzyme immunoassays of the four products showed domain order and linker sequence affected antigen binding by less than an order of magnitude. Attempts to express active Fv from dicistronic DNA were unsuccessful, but active Fv was obtained from single-chain Fv by enzymic cleavage at a site in the elbow linker peptide. The thermodynamic binding parameters of intact and cleaved single-chain Fvs determined by titration microcalorimetry were similar to those of bacterially produced Fab and mouse IgG.

Amino Acid Sequence↗