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Biomedical subjects

J Sabater

Publications and source records attributed to J Sabater.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Reduction of oral bioavailability of paracetamol by tolmetin in rat.

The pharmacokinetics of paracetamol alone and coadministered with tolmetin were studied in male Wistar rats. Open pharmacokinetic model of one and two compartments were fitted to experimental average plasma levels of paracetamol. Simultaneously fittings (intravenous and oral curves showed significant statistical differences for bioavailability estimated parameters (AUCev, F and K01). Also significant statistical differences were found for alfa, beta, K21 and Vd(ss) estimated parameters. Oral paracetamol bioavailability reduction (24%) was observed by coadministration of tolmetin in the rat. Since AUCiv and plasma clearance of paracetamol remained unchanged after intravenous coadministration, may be suggested that absorption process seems responsible of paracetamol bioavailability reduction.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology of symptomatic hypotension in hemodialysis: is cool dialysate beneficial for all patients?

A prospective study on hypotension in hemodialysis was performed in 60 nondiabetic patients at two different dialysate temperatures during 12 months. A 37 degrees C bath (3,723 sessions) was used and after the first 6 months the temperature was changed to 35 degrees C (4,019 sessions). The prevalence of symptomatic hypotension was 15.3% and it was closely correlated with the presence of other symptoms. The most affected populations were women, patients over 55 years of age, patients with low body surface area and patients with a cardiovascular disease. A slight but significant decrease of symptomatic hypotension was seen by using a 35 degrees C dialysate (16.4 vs. 14.3%, p less than 0.01). In patients with frequent hypotension (in up to 30% of sessions), cool dialysate significantly reduced the incidence of the symptom (44.2 vs. 34.1%, p less than 0.001). These results were obtained in spite of a greater interdialysis weight gain at low temperature (2 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.7 kg, p less than 0.001). We consider that low-temperature dialysis is a simple, useful and economic procedure, especially for highly symptomatic patients. The association of cooling dialysate with higher sodium concentration, bicarbonate and special membranes could reduce dialysis symptoms dramatically.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1988

Spermatozoa selection in discontinuous Percoll gradients for use in artificial insemination.

In a preliminary study of the ejaculate of 93 men, changes in motility and hypo-osmotic swelling before and after sperm separation by discontinuous Percoll gradients were evaluated. Both parameters improved significantly (P less than 0.01) in Percoll-separated spermatozoa. In a second stage, 99 couples underwent intrauterine insemination of separated semen by Percoll gradients. The population had infertility for a mean of 5.6 years. In a 1-year period, a total of 344 intrauterine insemination cycles were completed. Failure was considered when conception did not occur within four treatment cycles. The mean number of cycles per successful couple before pregnancy was 1.52. An overall 21% pregnancy rate was achieved (16% for oligoasthenospermia and 24% for asthenospermia). Sperm separation in Percoll gradients is a useful technique for intrauterine insemination in some cases of male subfertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The importance of urinary thromboxane B2 excretion in the diagnosis of acute renal rejection.

To establish whether or not urinary excretion TxB2 is a useful parameter in the diagnosis of acute renal rejection, 45 renal transplant patients were studied and classified in four groups: Group A. Ten observations of satisfactory clinical outcome (without either acute rejection or tubular necrosis). Urinary TxB2 was initially increased but had settled to normal by the 3rd postoperative day. Two patients had subsequent increases. Group B. Twenty-five episodes of acute rejection on a previously satisfactorily functioning graft. Nineteen had increases in TxB2 values before serum creatinine increased. Group C. Five episodes of tubular necrosis without acute rejection. The evolution was similar to Group A. Group D. Nine acute episodes of rejection on kidneys with tubular necrosis. The urinary output of TxB2 was increased from the beginning. This increase was maintained until the rejection was treated. This group had the highest values of urine TxB2. The principal significance of this parameter lies in its precocity and in its utility for diagnosis of acute rejection in the graft with tubular necrosis, as the persistence of raised values of TxB2 in the urine beyond the 3rd postoperative day is highly suggestive of an acute rejection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Acute visual and auditory neurotoxicity in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving desferrioxamine.

We report 5 cases of acute visual and auditory neurotoxicity in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving desferrioxamine. Four patients complained of visual toxicity characterized by a decrease in visual acuity, loss of color vision and night blindness. In these patients there was a decrease in visual acuity, and the Farnsworth's test revealed a tritanopy (yellow-blue axis impairment); 1 patient also showed retinal pigmentary changes. A fifth patient complained of bilateral and severe neurosensorial deafness. Patients improved clinically upon drug-withdrawal. We recommend careful monitoring of audiovisual toxicity in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving this drug.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Influence of dialysate and membrane biocompatibility on hemodynamic stability in hemodialysis.

The contributions of membrane biocompatibility, dialysate temperature and sodium concentration to hemodynamic stability during hemodialysis were studied in 8 patients with a high incidence of hemodialysis-induced symptomatic hypotension. Patients were treated during 8 different periods, randomly ordered in each case, resulting from the combination of the following: the membrane, either Cuprophan or Polyacrylonitrile; the dialysate temperature, 37 or 35 degrees C, and the sodium concentration, 133 or 139 mmol/l. The incidence of symptomatic hypotension was lower at 35 degrees C in the entire study with either membrane and either sodium concentration. It was also lower with a sodium concentration of 139 mmol/l with either temperature and either membrane. There was a lower incidence of symptomatic hypotension when using Polyacrylonitrile, but this difference was not significant. We conclude that changes in physicochemical parameters of dialysate lead to worth-while improvement of symptomatic hypotension in hemodialysis patients, but membrane biocompatibility seems to play a minor role.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

"Results of large surface hemodialysis (LSH): a shorter and cheaper treatment".

A surface area of 5 m2, a QB of 500 ml/min and a QD of 1000 ml/min reduces the time of hemodialysis to just 6 hours per week. All the patients had been in a conventional dialysis program for at least 2 years. These patients have now been in LSH for a period of between 2 and 3 years. Most patients have no appreciable residual function, they follow a free diet, living a normal life, and weigh between 51 and 88 Kg, ranging in ages from between 26 and 69 years. We use this technique with 3 schedules: Schedule I) 2 hours/3 days/week; Schedule II) 3 hours/2 days/week; Schedule III) 6 hours/1 day/week. In the 3 schedules the clinical and biochemical results have been the same as with conventional dialysis. With this technique the patients have greater freedom and comfort because they avoid 312 hours per year connected to the artificial kidney. The patients in Schedule II also avoid 52 dialysis sessions and 104 trips to the dialysis center per year. And the patients in Schedule III also avoid 104 dialysis sessions and 208 trips to the center per year. Furthermore, the cost savings in Schedule II is $2,500 per year/patient and in Schedule III $8,500 per patient/year.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Variance analysis by use of a low cost desk top calculator.

A simple program for an HP-97 desk top calculator, which can be adapted to an HP-67, is presented. This program detects the presence of an added component of variance in any series classified with a unique criterion. Each series can be formed by any number of data. The program supplies additional information about this component. A brief theoretical description and a practical example are also included.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

Hemodialysis associated hypotension and dialysate temperature.

Incidence of intradialytic symptomatic hypotension was significantly reduced by lowering dialysate temperature from 37 degrees C to 35 degrees C. This improvement seems not to be mediated by temperature-induced changes in membrane biocompatibility, since leukocytes, platelets and complement activation were similar in both situations.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Evidence for repair in trypan blue-treated mouse egg cylinders: an electron microscopic study.

The question of whether mammalian fetuses can correct damage induced by teratogens during early stages of embryogenesis was reinvestigated. Toward this purpose female mice were injected on day 6 of gestation with the teratogenic dye trypan blue. Within 6, 24, and 48 hr of exposure to the teratogen, egg cylinders were removed, sectioned, and prepared for electron microscopic analysis. The following organelles were examined: 1) mitochondria, 2) Golgi apparatus, 3) endoplasmic reticulum, and 4) free polysomes. On the ultrastructural level, exposure to trypan blue lead within 6 hr to fragmentation of the endoplasmic reticulum and a depletion of free polysomes in the endoderm of the egg cylinders. In ectodermal cells only the distribution of polysomes was disturbed following exposure to trypan blue. Egg cylinders harvested 24 hr after injection of trypan blue had partially recovered. Their endoplasmic reticulum and polysomes appeared closer to controls. The cells of both germ layers of most egg cylinders obtained 48 hr after injection were indistinguishable from controls when viewed with the electron microscope. No consistent changes were found in mitochondria or Golgi apparatus following trypan blue treatment. It is concluded that mouse embryos appear to be able to correct damage sustained during the egg cylinder stage, and that in spite of earlier injury affecting both germ layers such egg cylinders can develop normally as revealed by microscopic examination.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1983

Comparative study of the gastrointestinal tolerability of tolmetin and 4'-acetamidophenyl-2-(5'-p-toluyl-1'-methylpyrrole) acetate (AU-8001).

The comparative gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability of 4'-acetamidophenyl-2-(5'-p-toluyl-1'-methylpyrrole) acetate (AU-8001), tolmetin and placebo have been studied in rat through a radioactive quantification method with Fe-59 of the GI microbleeding. The drugs were given orally at equimolecular doses of AU-8001 and sodium tolmetin equivalent to 100 mg/kg/day of tolmetin acid. Four days administration of sodium tolmetin induced significant increases of fecal radioactivity (p less than 0.005) whereas no difference was observed between animals treated with equimolecular doses of AU-8001 and control animals. The fecal elimination of radioactivity in the animals treated with sodium tolmetin was also significantly higher than in animals receiving AU-8001 (p less than 0.02).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Prenatal human brain development. II. Studies on malate dehydrogenase.

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity was analyzed in the CNS of 43 unaffected human fetuses aged 18--42 weeks of gestation. Regional differences in the levels of activity were observed at every age. MDH activity rises during this period in all areas, but the increase occurs prior to the 30th week in brain stem and spinal cord, and later in the other regions. MDH activity distribution into cytoplasmic and particulate fractions does not change throughout prenatal life, remaining essentially similar for the cerebral lobes, cerebellum and spinal cord. In the adult brain, however, the pattern is shifted towards a predominance of MDH activity in the cytoplasmic fraction of the spinal cord.

Adult↗