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J Sýkora

Publications and source records attributed to J Sýkora.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Current epidemiological and clinical issues regarding Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood].

H. pylori infection is common worldwide, and is acquired primarily during childhood. The mechanism of acquisition is not clear. In recent years the main focus of interest has been on the transmission of infection from family members to children. The main risk factor for acquiring the infection seems to be low socioeconomic status. H. pylori is associated with gastritis, duodenal ulcers, MALT lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Extra-intestinal clinical manifestations have also been reported. However, the infection is often asymptomatic in children and the role of H. pylori infection in gastric manifestations is the subject of conflicting reports. Methods for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children are subdivided into invasive and noninvasive. There is a lack of consensus on treatment. The treatment of H. pylori is hampered by high macrolide-resistance. Treatment with proton pump-based triple therapy for 1-2 weeks gives the best eradication rates when combined with supplements containing probiotics. Multinational, multicentre studies in childhood are essential to extend current knowledge to avoid long-term gastroduodenal disease sequelae.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Helicobacter heilmannii gastroduodenal disease and clinical aspects in children with dyspeptic symptoms.

AIM: To evaluate the occurrence and clinical characteristics of Helicobacter heilmannii infection among children presenting with dyspeptic symptoms. METHOD: Prospective cohort study of 580 patients. RESULTS: Of all examined dyspeptic children, 26.4% were infected with spiral-shaped organisms, and 0.9% of patients were found to be infected with spiral H. heilmannii-like organisms. CONCLUSION: In children with dyspeptic symptoms, the possible presence of gastroduodenal disease due to H. heilmannii should be considered. Further studies are needed to clarify H. heilmannii-related gastroduodenal pathology in the paediatric population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood with a novel immunoenzyme method (HpStAR) which detects antigens in feces using monoclonal antibodies ].

BACKGROUND: Premier Platinum HpSA EIA is an enzyme immunoassay developed for diagnosis of H. pylori infection using polyclonal antibodies against H. pylori in human stool. A new H. pylori stool antigen test, based on monoclonal antibodies, has been developed. Our aim was to evaluate prospectively the accuracy of the novel antigen stool test (DAKO HpStAR) using monoclonal antibodies for detection of H. pylori infection in children. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total of 93 children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included in the study. Biopsy specimens were sampled from the gastric antrum and from the corpus. Patients were classified as H. pylori positive if histology and urease test were positive. All children provided a stool sample within 3 days after gastroscopy. IgG serology against H. pylori was also employed. HpStAR test was performed according to the manufacturers protocol. Results were read at 450/630 nm by spectrophotometry (cut-off point 0.150). Of the 93 children, 26 were H. pylori positive (13.1 +/- 3.2 yr), and 67 patients were H. pylori negative (12.8 +/- 4.7 yr). Only 2 children were misclassified (1 false negative, and 1 false positive). Sensitivity was 96.1%, specificity 98.5%, the positive and negative predicting values were 96.1% and 98.5%, respectively. Serology showed sensitivity 88.5%, specificity 70.2%; the positive and negative predicting values were 53.5% and 94% respectively. CONCLUSION: HpStAR test based on monoclonal antibodies can be considered an accurate, non-invasive, reliable method for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Hypergastrinemia associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and sideropenic anemia in a 15-year-old girl].

H. pylori is a major cause of primary chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in children. The authors give an account of H. pylori infection (cagA+, vacA+) in a 15-year-old girl where the initial clinical features included fatigue, collapses, and anorexia, elevated serum gastrin level (> 1000 mIU/l) raised the suspicion of gastrinoma. H. pylori gastric infection was also associated with iron-deficiency anemia. After treatment for H. pylori infection (omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin), clinical symptoms improved consistently, the serum gastrin level was repeteadly quite normal and hematologic and iron profiles were within the normal range. There is compelling evidence that H. pylori must be taken into account as a cause of hypergastrinemia other than gastrinoma in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Autoimmune enteropathy with onset in early infancy: clinico-morphologic and immunologic manifestations].

This paper describes a severely affected male infant with serious protracted diarrhoea caused by a rare autoimmune enteropathy. The disease began at 6 weeks of age of the child and it was associated with small bowel villous atrophy and the presence of circulating antienterocyte antibodies. The child was treated with steroids and with parenteral and special enteral nutrition. The patient showed clinical improvement as documented by decreased stool output and possibility to terminate the parenteral nutrition. The small biopsy samples showed a return to normal. Antienterocyte antibodies were negative after the treatment. The patient has been followed up for at least 18 months and was in a clinical remission. We recommend that autoantibodies tests should be performed in all infants with unexplained protracted diarrhoea. The use of potent immunosuppressive drugs and the increasing experience with parenteral and enteral nutrition can improve the perspective of these previously fatal disorders.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2002

[Portal vein thrombosis in a patient with hyperhomocysteinemia].

The authors present the case of a 18-year-old boy examined on account of accidentally detected splenomegaly and suspected venous convolute in the region of the porta hepatis. Coeliacography revealed cavernous reconstruction of the portal vein due to an old thrombosis and thrombosis of the lineal vein. At the time of assessment of this diagnosis the patient had no apparent risk factor for the development of venous thromboembolic disease. With regard to the serious character of the finding and the patients age later detailed haemocoagulation, biochemical and genetic examinations were made. The only risk factor for the development of thrombosis which was detected was medium severe hyperhomocysteinaemia (46.7 mumol/l) with C677T mutation in the gene for 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase in the homozygous state. Although hyperhomocysteinaemia was identified already in the past as an important risk factor for the development of venous thromboembolic disease, in the available literature so far no case of portal vein thrombosis was described in a patient with hyperhomocysteinaemia as the only apparent risk factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Accurate noninvasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection using antigen determination in the feces in the pediatric population].

BACKGROUND: H. pylori can cause several gastroduodenal diseases. Because H. pylori infection is usually acquired in childhood, accurate diagnosis of the infection in the pediatric population is important. Tests for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection can be divided into invasive and noninvasive. The aim of our study was to compare invasive tests (endoscopy, gastric mucosal biopsy, histology) and the noninvasive, newly developed stool antigen test to diagnose H. pylori infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: 91 children (40 boys, 51 girls, mean age 12.6 +/- 3.5 years) with dyspeptic symptoms were tested for H. pylori infection using endoscopy and gastric biopsy and a new antigen test in stool samples (immunoassay). Thirty-one of the children (34.1%) with dyspepsia were found positive for H. pylori according to histologic examination and rapid urease test. In 28 of the 31 patients, H. pylori stool antigen could be detected (sensitivity 90.3%). Of the 60 patients with negative direct histologic examination and rapid urease test, 60 were H. pylori--negative in stool antigen test (specificity 100%). Positive predictive value of stool antigen test is 100% and negative predictive value is 95.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The stool antigen test is highly sensitive and specific. It will be potentially very helpful in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection and can replace endoscopy for detection of H. pylori infection in children with comparable accuracy and reliability.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2002

[Symptomatology and specific characteristics of chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori infection in children in the Czech population--epidemiologic, clinical, endoscopic and histomorphologic study].

BACKGROUND: H. pylori infection is associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer in children and adults. H. pylori acquisition seems to occur predominantly in childhood. Some data have reported H. pylori non-related chronic gastritis. Little information is available about the relationship between H. pylori, clinicopathologic features and long-term effects of infection in childhood. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences between chronic gastritis due to H. pylori with those of chronic gastritis not associated with H. pylori infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: 92 children (13.8 +/- 3.5 years) were take into they shaded group. 51 children were H. pylori positive, 41 children had no evidence of H. pylori. Epidemiological and clinical data, endoscopic appearance and histologic examination were evaluated. There were no differences in age and gender among the children. There was a significant correlation between H. pylori infection and parental education (p < 0.05) and habitat crowding (the number of rooms). There were no differences in clinical diagnosis and occurrence of any predominant symptom between the two groups. There was an association with a detrimental influence on daily life and activities in H. pylori patients (p < 0.01). Extradigestive symptoms (chronic urticaria, sideropenic anemia) were significantly more common in the H. pylori positive group (p < 0.05). 21 children (41.6%) were H. pylori positive/cagA positive, 15 of them (30.3%) were H. pylori positive/vacA positive. Findings of antral nodularity were more frequent in H. pylori positive children than in H. pylori negative (p < 0.000001). There were no differences in erythematous gastritis, haemorrhage and mucosal ulceration. H. pylori density score did not differ in various part of the gastric mucosa (antrum, corpus). Chronic gastritis was found to be more severe in patients with H. pylori infection compared with H. pylori-negative gastritis. Statistically significant was the increased presence of neutrophils, edema, monocytes, lymphoid follicles, the intensity of inflammation and mucosal oedema in the gastric mucosa in H. pylori positive children. There were no differences in the incidence of foveolar hyperplasia, mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and erosion. CONCLUSION: H. pylori related chronic gastritis may be considered as a specific form of inflammation and it may be associated with a typical clinical symptomatology in a subgroup of children in Czech population. Precautions in life style may diminish H. pylori-related disease in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Organ-specific antibodies in children with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease and their use in clinical practice].

BACKGROUND: Ethiopathogenesis of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease has not been yet fully explained. Several abnormalities of the humoral immunity supporting the concept of autoimmune character of the disease have been identified. The aim of our study was to characterise occurrence of the organ specific antibodies against the intestinal goblet cells and against acinar cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue and to evaluate their significance for the diagnostics of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: 69 children were included in the study. The group consisted of 20 patients with idiopathic proctocolitis (11 boys and 9 girls, 6 to 18 years old, average age 15.5) and 14 patients with Crohn's disease (9 boys and 5 girls, 5 to 18 years old, average age 14.7). Control group included 35 children (20 boys and 15 girls, average age 14.7). In patients of the idiopathic proctocolitis group, antibodies against the intestinal goblet cells were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence method in 55%. In patients with Crohn's disease, antibodies against acinar cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue were found in 64.2%. Differences in manifestation of antibodies against acinar cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue in Crohn's disease were statistically significant (p = 0.001). Statistically significant (p = 0.01) was also the difference of levels of antibodies against the intestinal goblet cells in patients with idiopathic proctocolitis when compared to patients with Crohn's disease. Statistically significant difference (p = 0.01) was found in levels of antibodies against acinar cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue in Crohns disease and antibodies against the intestinal goblet cells in patients with idiopathic proctocolitis. CONCLUSION: Testing on presence of specific antibodies against acinar cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue and against intestinal goblet cells is a valuable tool for the diagnostics of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. Overview of Czech patients].

Lysosomal lipase deficiency is a hereditary autosomal recessive enzymopathy leading to lysosomal storage of triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesterol esters (CE). In particular cells with a permanently high receptor-mediated LDL endocytosis are affected (liver, kidneys). There are two basic phenotypes. The fatal infantile phenotype (Wolman's disease) with generalized storage of both types of apolar lipids. This form was diagnosed in this country only once. The opposite is the protracted, oligosymptomatic form encountered in all age groups. It is characterized by the storage of CE (which gave this entity the name of cholesteryl storage disease--CESD). Its main sign is affection of the liver (hepatomegaly, hepatopathy), which in some instances may lead to organ failure, directly or after cirrhotic transformation. Furthermore there is permanent hypercholesterolaemia (high LDL cholesterol) due to increased VLDL synthesis by hepatocytes, low HDL cholesterol and variably raised TAG. This constellation of blood lipids is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. In the course of 25 years in the Czech Republic 13 cases of CESD were diagnosed in 11 families. Ten of these cases were characterized by clinically manifest hepatopathy with hepatomegaly, detected incidentally during medical examinations (at the age of 2-14 years). In three adult patients with permanent hypercholesterolaemia the storage process was subclinical and the diagnosis was established quite incidentally by examination of non-specific secondary and tertiary manifestations of the disease. The diagnosis was established in all cases of CESD at the tissue level (liver biopsy), at the biochemical (acid lipase deficiency) and molecular genetic level (mutation in enzyme locus). In all instances mutation of G934A was found leading to reduction and loss of the eighth exon. This mutation was present in five patients in a homozygous state. Six mutations were heterozygous. In one instance for technical reasons only one allele was analyzed. In three instances a point "missense" mutation was found: T323A (Trp74Arg), T4(75)A (Asp124Glu), A210T (Asp36Gl), in one instance a "nonsense" mutation: C233T (Arg44-stop) and twice a deletion mutation delta C673-5 and delta G1068-8 leading to impairment of the reading frame and to premature stop of the codon.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Serodiagnosis of cercarial dermatitis with antigens of Trichobilharzia szidati and Schistosoma mansoni.

In patients with parasitologically revealed dermatitis caused by cercariae of avian schistosomes (Trichobilhariza szidati) diagnostic indirect immunofluorescence technique (IFAT) was employed for the detection of antibodies. The efficacy of antigens prepared from cercariae of T. szidati and Schistosoma mansoni was tested in serodiagnosis. The results have shown that antigen of T. szidati is more reactive with the sera of patients than that of S. mansoni: the antibodies were detected already 3 days after penetration of cercariae, contrary to 10 days after penetration of avian schistosomes when antigen of S. mansoni was used. The results were confirmed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IFAT techniques in SPF mice (Mus musculus) experimentally infected with cercariae of T. szidati and S. mansoni or with fractions isolated from cercariae of T. szidati.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Behaviour of newly hatched and adult Japanese quail and the feasibility of adaptation to weightlessness.

The aim of cosmic biology is to create conditions necessary for the long-term stay of man on cosmic orbital complexes and planetary stations. Such conditions should be provided by the autonomous closed ecosystem--a simplified model of the terrestrial biocenosis. As an experimental model of the higher heterotrophic link of this ecosystem the Japanese quail was chosen. This paper presents recent knowledge on the behaviour of newly hatched and adult quails under conditions of weightlessness. Videorecords made as part of the experiments aboard the MIR orbital station do not meet the criteria of systematic behavioural observation required for qualitative and quantitative behavioural analysis on earth. Nevertheless, the data is highly interesting and original, and was therefore analysed and summarized.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of cyclosporine A on the development of Toxoplasma gondii in the muscles and brain. Ultrastructural study].

Presented are histological and electron microscopic findings of alterations in the muscles and brains of mice infected with T. gondii and suppressed with CyA during infection. Cya in the acute phase of infection promoted parasitemia. In the chronic stage it modified the formation of clustered cysts. Following repeated infection active tachyzoites appeared in the repleted macrophage populations of the interstitium. Polymyositis with manifested muscle fiber atrophy and allergic toxoplasmic encephalitis in the acute phase of infection is caused by: 1. active penetration of tachyzoites into non-phagocytizing muscle and nerve cells, 2. toxins (necrotizing enzymes) released by the destroyed reticuloendothelial cells due to rapid multiplication of tachyzoites and pseudocysts, 3. immunologic processes affecting factors regulating the multiplication rate and subsequent transformation of tachyzoites into cystozoites, and vice versa. The altered tissue tropism during toxoplasmic infection, i.e. suppression of the granulating tissue and fibrosis, results in a necrotizing process induced by tachyzoites or in the rupture of cysts. (Fig. 8, Ref. 18.)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Determination of IgG toxoplasma antibodies using ELISA with uniform serum dilutions].

The ELISA reaction with uniform serum dilution (1:400) for assessment of toxoplasmatic antibodies class IgG agreed in 100% when compared with commercial kits (VIRELISA and GULL Lab.). Both these tests disagreed with the standard complement fixation reaction in 7.5% of the specimens. This qualitative disagreement was confirmed also in a group of 400 sera where 7.14% of CFR negative specimens reacted positively in the described ELISA reaction. Quantitative correlation of results of CFR and ELISA IgG displays the usual scatter of values. Therefore individual CFR titres cannot be matched unequivocally with titres of optic density and thus it is not possible to assess empirically the stage of infection. To assess the stage of infection it is therefore necessary to make a supplementary assessment of IgM antibodies. In cases detected in time the decision can be based on a rise of IgG values in paired serum specimens examined in one reaction. Dynamics of formation of IgG antibodies and their chronological sequence with IgM antibodies displayed a typical course in patients with clinical toxoplasmosis. The described reaction is the basis of commercially manufactured kits ELISA IgG Toxo Micro II.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The short-bowel syndrome].

This study was designed to asses the clinical course of five children with a short bowel syndrome after massive intestinal resection during neonatal period. On the basis of their experience the authors analyze some properties that may be advantageous in this syndrome and discuss the most important factors, including enteral feeding at an early postresection stage, which influence a full development of the small bowel adaptive mechanisms. They point out that so called "short gut colitis", sometimes occurring during advancement of enteral nutrition, can be successfully treated by sulphasalazine. The authors come to the conclusion that the prognosis for newborn infants undergoing an excessive bowel resection is far well thanks to enhancement of the intestinal adaptation by a combination of a long-term parenteral nutrition with enteral feeding.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Significance of the complement fixation reaction in the diagnosis of the acute phase of lymphatic toxoplasmosis].

In a group of 300 sera of subjects with clinically suspect nodular toxoplasmosis the authors tested by the IgM ELISA reaction in the reverse order the importance of the complement-fixation reaction for assessment of the acute stage of the infection. In view of the revealed prolonged detection of IgM antibodies the authors used quantitative evaluation of the reaction; they consider based on a probability pattern of antibody response coefficients of 10 and above important for differentiation of a recent infection. For the suggested method of evaluation it was confirmed that low CFR titres (1:8, 1:16, 1:32) imply usually (89.5%) latent infection, titres of 1:64 chronic (42.8%) and latent infection (57.2%); in no instance onset of the disease was involved. From the titre of 1:128 onwards there is a proportional increase of the probable detection of acute infections (titre 1:1024 as much as 72.7%. However, even high titres are not unequivocal evidence of recent infection. In view of the equivocal interpretation of results of the CFR the authors recommend for assessment of the acute stage of the nodular form of toxoplasmosis examination of the suspect subject by the CFR and in case of a medium or high level assessment of IgM by the ELISA method focused on the level and dynamics of the coefficient.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Cryptosporidium species in persons with HIV infection].

Oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. were detected in the faeces of 65 subjects with the HIV virus, using the concentrating flotation method in a sugar solution and differential staining with methyl violet. In positive cases (a total of 16 subjects) continuous as well as intermittent excretion of oocysts in faeces was recorded, the longest excretion period being up to 15 months. The presented findings of oocysts confirm that Cryptosporidium sp. is a common intestinal pathogenic organism in the investigated group of subjects, and with regard to its pathogenity and opportunistic character they must be subjected to regular parasitological examinations.

Animals↗