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Biomedical subjects

J S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J S Wilson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effect of application frequency on epidermal carcinogenesis assays.

Classic mouse skin-painting assays of such highly-complex mixtures as petroleums and synthetic fuels may lead to severe local cytotoxic effects that can alter tumorigenesis. This effect can be particularly disruptive in dose-response studies where a wide range of doses is employed. The experiments described here illustrate that frequency of exposure may be more important than the concentration of individual doses. C3Hf/Bd mice were exposed to 2 shale oils in experiments in which a constant weekly dose was either applied once or divided into 2 or 4 equal parts and applied either twice or 4 times each week. In experiments with either oil, a single weekly application was more effective in total tumor production and less cytotoxic than more frequent application of less-concentrated doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Alcohol causes a fatty pancreas. A rat model of ethanol-induced pancreatic steatosis.

To develop an animal mode of alcoholic pancreatic steatosis, female Wistar rats were pair fed liquid diets, containing ethanol as 36% of calories or an isocaloric amount of carbohydrate for 3 weeks. Electron microscopic examination showed lipid vesicles localized principally at the bases of pancreatic acinar cells in the ethanol-fed rats. Ethanol feeding significantly increased pancreatic content of cholesteryl ester without changing levels of other lipids. Ethanol feeding enhanced labeled acetate, palmitate, oleate, and linoleate incorporation into cholesteryl ester. Therefore, increased esterification of cholesterol may, in part, explain the observed accumulation of cholesteryl ester.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

Aspects of orbital floor fracture repair.

Trauma to the face may result in fracture of the maxillary floor and the passage of some of the ocular contents into the maxillary antrum. In some cases, the impaction of the extrinsic ocular musculature results in an annoying diplopia. In others, the maxillary fracture may involve not only the orbital floor, but also extend into the anterior maxilla with additional facial deformities. Surgical corrections of some of these fractures have utilized bone grafts from the anterior iliac crest to the orbital floor. In others, flat Teflon plates have been inserted along the line of the orbital floor fracture after any impacted orbital contents have been freed from the fracture. Both of these remedies suffer from disadvantages. The authors have utilized specially prepared and shaped plastic plates which have been inserted along both the bony orbital floor and the anterior maxilla. These reduce the possibility of displacement and extrusion of the implanted plastic prosthesis. Particularly in major osseous deformities, the functional and cosmetic results have been most gratifying. This technique may also be modified in patients who have coincidentally suffered the additional loss of the eyeball as a result of the injury and include an orbital implant.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1981

The vascular anatomy of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.

The vascular anatomy of the pectoralis major muscle and overlying skin and subcutaneous tissue was investigated in seventeen cadaver specimens by cannulation of the arterial supply and injection of contrast medium. A rich anastomosis between the internal mammary artery and the pectoral branch of the thoraco-acromial artery and between the pectoral branch and the lateral thoracic artery was demonstrated. In 36% of cases a major axial cutaneous vessel, originating close to the thoraco-acromial artery, was shown to extend caudad. The lateral thoracic artery, in addition to the pectoral branch, contributed significantly to the vascularity of the pectoralis major muscle and was the main blood supply to the female breast. The skin overlying the muscle was abundantly supplied from the muscle vasculature. Both the major arteries were enclosed within the muscle's fascial envelope. A technique for developing a standard pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap is described. Our studies show that a hemichest flap incorporating all the skin of the chest over the muscle is feasible.

Arteries↗
PubMed1981

Ethanol-induced changes in cardiac lipid metabolism.

The influence of ethanol on cardiac lipid metabolism has been investigated in the rat. Acute in vitro ethanol significantly stimulated the incorporation of 14C-1-acetate but not 14C-U-glucose into cardiac lipid in rats fed a diet free of ethanol for 3 weeks. Stimulation of incorporation was not uniform but was confined to the diglyceride and triglyceride fractions. This response of cardiac tissue lipid metabolism to acute ethanol was not observed in rats pair fed an isocaloric diet containing 36% of calories as ethanol. Chronic ethanol feeding significantly increased cardiac triglyceride content when compared with pair-fed controls. It also stimulated oxidation of labeled palmitate, but did not affect in vitro lipogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Toxic myopathy in a dog associated with the presence of monensin in dry food.

This report describes a case of toxic myopathy in a two year old sheltie dog with clinical signs of profound weakness, myoglobinuria, and muscle enzyme elevations. The clinical signs were likely related to the accidental inclusion of monensin sodium in the dog's food. This food was prepared by a small feed milling company that also prepares cattle and chicken rations. A change of dog food resulted in remission of the clinical signs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomography of the musculoskeletal system.

To demonstrate the potential impact of computed tomography on orthopaedics, a brief review was done of four generations of scanners and of one new development (assay of bone mineral in the spine) that is presently being researched. To assess the utility of the method in treating orthopaedic problems, the cases of 140 patients, including patients with congenital anomalies, tumors, infections, and traumatic lesions, were analyzed. In the majority of the patients the technique provided useful information, often unobtainable with any other technique.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Ratio of late to early radionuclide uptake: a method for distinguishing osteoporosis from osteomalacia in animal models.

The ration of late to early uptake of several radionuclides was examined as a method for distinguishing states of abnormal bone metabolism. Nutritional osteoporosis (secondary hyperparathyroidism) and osteomalacia were produced in young rats and compared to a control group. The ratio of early (3-6 hrs.) to late (4-6 days) uptake of barium-131, nitrate, indium-111 EDTMP, and lead-203 were studied, as was that of strontium-85 chloride, a calcium analogue. Ratios of late to early uptake were found to distinguish osteomalacia from osteoporosis in the models when strontium-85 or barium-131 were used. Barium-131 may be a clinically useful alternative to strontium-85 in the evaluation of metabolic bone disease due to its shorter half-life and lower radiation dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography of musculoskeletal disorders.

The utility of computed tomography (CT) in evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders was assessed in 55 selected patients. CT provided unique information leading to a correct diagnosis in 45% of cases. In 78% the extent of a lesion was more clearly defined than on conventional imaging procedures, and in the same percentage the CT findings were used to plan optimal therapy. CT was most useful in demonstrating absence of a suspected mass lesion and in defining the full extent of a lesion involving the soft tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

What is Gorlin's syndrome? The diagnosis and management of the basal cell naevus syndrome, based on a study of thirty-seven patients.

A series of 37 patients with Gorlin's syndrome is described; 23 had the typical naevi, 19 had jaw cysts and only 10 had both. A wide range of associated deformities was noted. The need for early identification of patients at risk is stressed; follow-up is essential for 2 reasons: The naevi although indistinguishable histologically from basal cell carcinomas only rarely require radical removal. The jaw cysts are locally invasive and should be radically removed when small. In 8 patients examined there was a low level of alpha-globulins in the plasma. Spontaneous involution of the naevi may occur in un-irradiated skin.

Adolescent↗