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Biomedical subjects

J S Wheeler

Publications and source records attributed to J S Wheeler.

81 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Contractions of the caudal region of the oesophagus of the cat.

1. The motility of the most caudal part of the oesophagus has been investigated in cats which were decerebrated, had the whole of the central nervous system pithed or were anaesthetized with chloralose.2. Contractions of the most caudal region of the oesophagus were evoked by its stretch and the presence in it of HCl. These reactions were obtained in all types of preparations used.3. In decerebrate preparations oesophageal contractions occurred in response to the introduction of acid into the stomach. These were not obtained after the vagus nerves had been cut.4. Slight degrees of gastric distension stimulated oesophageal contractions, greater distension was inhibitory.5. Both reductions in oesophageal activity and contractions of the oesophagus were obtained with different parameters of stimulation of efferent vagal fibres.6. Excitatory and inhibitory effects on the oesophagus were obtained from stimulation of the central end of the vagus nerves cut in the abdomen or in the neck.7. In totally pithed preparations of cats stretch of one region of the oesophagus was found to modify the activity of a distant region of the oesophagus cranial or caudal to the site of distension.8. The reactions of the caudal oesophagus were abolished by atropine.9. The importance of vago-vagal reflexes in the modification of basically direct oesophageal responses has been discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of thigh muscle reconditioning by electrical stimulation on urodynamic activity in SCI patients.

Various forms of electrical stimulation are being used more frequently for bladder and muscle rehabilitation following spinal injury. Fifteen patients with spinal cord injury underwent a four to eight week period of thigh muscle reconditioning by surface electrical stimulation. The accumulated effects of this program on bladder function were assessed by urodynamic evaluation before and after the test period. Seven patients had beneficial changes of either an increase in bladder capacity and/or a decrease in bladder pressure. Six patients had a decrease in bladder capacity and/or an increase in bladder pressure, although two of these six patients had resolution of spinal shock. Two patients with detrusor areflexia had no changes in pressure or capacity. There was no change in the basic urodynamic patterns, only the parameters of bladder capacity and pressure. Increasing the use of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation of the spinal cord population might alter bladder function, although not consistently. One should, therefore, be aware of these changes when setting up such rehabilitation programs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate bed after collagen injection.

OBJECTIVE: Transurethral injection of collagen (TCI) may be used to treat urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) findings after TCI are described in this report. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TRUS exams of four postprostatectomy patients who had undergone TCI were reviewed. Findings were correlated with pathologic specimens obtained at TRUS-guided core biopsy. These histologic specimens were compared with others from postprostatectomy patients who had not undergone TCI. RESULTS: Well defined bladder apex masses of uniform echogenicity, hypoechoic to adjacent fat and muscle, were identified sonographically in all TCI patients. Masses from which positive biopsies were obtained were similar in appearance to those with no malignancy. Hypocellular fibrous tissue and foci of acellular loose connective tissue were identified in the biopsies of those patients who had undergone TCI. No acellular areas were identified in specimens from patients who had not had TCI. CONCLUSION: Sequelae of TCI should be included in the differential diagnosis of perianastomotic masses in postprostatectomy patients. However, the need for biopsy is not obviated as residual or recurrent prostate carcinoma may coexist.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral therapy for urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence is a serious and costly problem that affects many patients, especially the elderly. Because this population is growing, many methods of treatment for urinary incontinence have been developed. However, even though the behavioral techniques have been available for years, only recently has the use of formal behavioral methods become more popular as a less invasive alternative for the treatment of incontinence. These methods have proven effective in several series. This article reviews the treatment of types of urinary incontinence with behavioral therapeutic techniques.

Behavior Therapy↗