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Biomedical subjects

J S Reisch

Publications and source records attributed to J S Reisch.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Dexamethasone in the treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis.

A model of experimental lapin meningitis was used to assess the effect of meningeal inflammation caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b on development of brain edema, increase in intracranial pressure, and production of brain lactate. Four treatments were assessed: dexamethasone alone, dexamethasone plus ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone alone, and no treatment. The brain water content in untreated rabbits with meningitis was 419 +/- 10 g of H2O/100g of dry weight after 29 hr of infection (vs. 405 +/- 14 in uninfected rabbits; P less than .05). In rabbits treated with dexamethasone, dexamethasone plus ceftriaxone, or ceftriaxone alone, these values were 404 +/- 12, 406 +/- 12, and 411 +/- 14 g, respectively (P greater than .05). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and lactate levels were significantly increased in all animals during the 24 hr of meningeal inflammation (P less than .005), and these levels were comparably reduced after 9 hr of treatment. Although the values for brain water content, CSF pressure, and lactate concentrations in infected animals treated with ceftriaxone plus dexamethasone were not significantly different from those in animals treated with ceftriaxone alone, the values were consistently lower in the former group.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Infusion volumes of Ringer's lactate and 3% albumin solution as they relate to survival after resuscitation of a lethal intestinal ischemic shock.

Previously, we have shown improved survival rate with colloid solutions of 2-4% concentration compared to 10% solutions or a colloid-free electrolyte solution, when given in volumes required to maintain the same intravascular volume expansion. This study examines the effect of increasing infusion volumes of Ringer's lactate (RL) and 3% albumin on survival time and blood volume expansion using the lethal intestinal ischemic shock model in rats. Shock was induced by exteriorization of the small intestine with added occlusion of the superior mesenteric vessels for 75 minutes. Untreated animals developed hemoconcentration to 60% in hematocrit (Hct), representing a plasma volume (PV) decrease to 57% of the preshock level. Infusion of 3% albumin increased PV linearly up to 200% above shock levels with infusion volumes of 0-45 ml/100 g bwt. RL increased PV linearly up to 80% above shock baseline level with infusion volumes up to 50 ml/100g. No further PV increase occurred despite increasing volumes of RL. No infusion volume, therefore, of RL restored PV to preshock levels. To achieve the same volume expansion up to 80% above the shock PV levels, 4.4 times larger volume of RL was needed compared to 3% albumin solution. With the same volumes infused (up to 45 ml/100 g), 4-5 times more of the 3% albumin volume infused remained in the vascular space compared to RL. Also, the excreted volume was larger with albumin than with RL, for the same volumes infused. Accordingly, the major portion of the infused RL (60-80%) was located in the extravascular space. No control animals survived 24 hours. Survival time was prolonged with both RL and 3% albumin infusions. The effect on survival time with albumin was obtained with approximately 25% of the fluid required for RL.

Albumins↗
PubMed1983

Clinical measures of gestational age in normal pregnancies.

Obstetric findings in 89 healthy women were evaluated prospectively by one obstetrician unaware of menstrual history. With weekly examinations, fetal heart tones were audible by fetoscope at 17.1 +/- 1.1 weeks' gestation (mean +/- SD) and the fundus reached the umbilicus at 16.6 +/- 0.9 weeks. At 20 to 31 weeks, fundal height in centimeters equaled weeks' gestation (confidence interval: +/- 3 weeks). The accuracy of predicting delivery date from combined findings (SD: 11.4 days) approached that from reliable menstrual history (SD: 10.2 days). Gestational age at delivery minus the pediatric Dubowitz estimate was 0.4 +/- 1.7 weeks. Gestational age may be overestimated by up to six weeks by assuming that the fundus reaches the umbilicus or that fetal heart tones appear at 20 weeks. However, carefully derived obstetric estimates potentially may be more reliable than pediatric estimates.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1980

Sonar cephalometry in twin pregnancy: discordancy of the biparietal diameter after 28 weeks' gestation.

Sonar measured biparietal diameter (BPD) differences of twin paires were examined in 123 twin pregnancies at or beyond 28 weeks' gestation. Among 117 liveborn sets, the risk of a twin infant being small for gestational age was threefold greater when paired BPD differences were 5 mm or more compared to 4 mm or less. The incidence of fetal death increased from 2.7% for twin pairs with 0 to 6 mm BPD differences to 20% when the difference was 7 mm or more. Sonar cephalometry may be helpful in the antepartum evaluation of twin pregnancies, although detection of BPD discordancy does not preclude normal twin outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Sonar fetal cephalometry: comparison of bistable with gray scale and real-time techniques.

The fetal biparietal diameter was measured simultaneously with B-scan bistable and gray scale techniques and subsequently with real-time ultrasonography. Measurements were made from outer table to outer table with the bistable technique, which has been proven to be accurate and reliable. With the gray scale and real-time modalities, distances were measured between several landmarks from the same image. Off all measurements taken from gray scale and realtime images, those between the centers of each band outlining the fetal skull showed the best correlation and the closest values to measurements using the standard bistable technique. Discrepancies exceeded 2 mm in only 5% with the gray scale and in 2% with the real-time technique. Using the measurement between outer and inner aspects of the cephalic band, the percentages of discrepancies exceeding 2 mm were 7% with gray scale and 6% with real time.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1980

Cephalometric analysis of dentofacial normals.

A comprehensive cephalometric analysis of "normal" adults was accomplished by examining a carefully selected subject group. Fifty-six adult Caucasians with Class I skeletal and dental relationships and good vertical facial proportions were analyzed morphologically with a computerized craniofacial model. By the incorporation of a large number of soft-tissue measurements, facial profile and proportionality were analyzed and compared with methods that are presently used to evaluate facial esthetics. The data provide relevant measurements that are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of adults with dentofacial deformities. Horizontal soft-tissue chin prominence was nearly equal for males and females relative to subnasale, soft-tissue nasion, and glabella.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pulmonary vascular disease in total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.

Pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) was assessed by a qualitative and quantitative histopathologic analysis of lung specimens of 40 patients (age at autopsy 5 days to 12 years, median 3 months) with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. A PVD index was derived by counting the number of vessels with each Heath-Edwards grade of PVD (PVD index = [0 (Normal) +1 (N grade 1) +2 (N grade 2)....+6 (N grade 6)]/number of vessels graded, where N = the number of patients) in randomly selected pulmonary resistance vessels 30-300 mu in diameter. Patients with pulmonary venous obstruction died earlier and had a higher PVD index as a group than patients with unobstructed venous drainage. A remarkable degree of advanced pulmonary vascular changes was found in the entire group, even young infants. Pulmonary vascular obstructive disease is an important factor in the pathophysiology of this lesion. Careful attention to the prevention and management of increased pulmonary vascular resistance in the postoperative period may improve survival.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1980

Educator perceptions of accreditation.

A 25-item survey was developed to collect data for a paper delineating educators' concerns for accreditation. Distributed randomly in the instrument were statements relating to the constructive aspects of accreditation, the constraints on the effectiveness of accreditation, and the logistical short-comings of the accreditation process. Responses were separated into four categories of institutions and were subjected to computer analysis. Results clearly demonstrated different perceptions of relative importance among the various institutional categories. Of possibly greater significance was the demonstration that the great majority of respondents expressed far more concern over the processes of accreditation than they did over the principles.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1979

Sonar cephalometry in twins: a table of biparietal diameters for normal twin fetuses and a comparison with singletons.

In 123 normal twin pregnancies, 589 biparietal diameter (BPD) measurements were obtained between 16 and 40 weeks' gestation and mean values for each week were computed. A table of BPDs for normal twin pregnancies based on these data is proposed. Mean twin BPDs were consistently smaller than those of singletons, the difference averaging 3.5 mm between 16 and 40 weeks' gestation. The development of a twin BPD table now permits a more accurate assessment of twin gestational age and fetal growth.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1979

A paired controlled study of vaginal and abdominal delivery of the low birth weight breech fetus.

In a paired, controlled, retrospective study, 44 low birth weight breech fetuses delivered vaginally were compared with 44 breech fetuses delivered by cesarean section. Seven deaths occurred in the vaginal delivery group, compared with only 1 in the abdominal delivery group. Asphyxia, trauma, and intracranial hemorrhage were also found more frequently among vaginally delivered fetuses. The authors conclude that for the low birth weight breech fetus, delivery by cesarean section is preferable.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1978

Effects of medial meniscectomy in patients older than forty years.

Forty-nine of the sixty-five consecutive patients who were more than forty years old when medial meniscectomy was performed returned for follow-up evaluation one to twelve years postoperatively. Pain was present in 62.2 per cent of the patients with so-called degenerative tears and in 75 per cent of those with so-called traumatic tears. The medial joint space was significantly thinner in the patients with degenerative tears than in those with traumatic tears. The roentgenographic findings of osteoarthritis were significantly more severe on the side operated on. The femorotibial angle was always in relatively more varus angulation on the involved side (mean, 5.3 degrees) than on the uninvolved side.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Absorption of lindane (gamma benzene hexachloride) in infants and children.

Concentrations of lindane (gamma benzene hexachloride) were measured in blood from children who had received treatment with 1% lindane lotion. Lindane was present in the blood of all patients from two of 48 hours following application. Concentrations were inversely related to weight, surface area, and were independent of the quantity of lindane applied.

Administration, Topical↗