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J S Mandel

Publications and source records attributed to J S Mandel.

115 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Vasectomy and health. Results from a large cohort study.

In this historical cohort study we identified, located, and, if living, interviewed 10,590 vasectomized men from four cities, along with a paired neighborhood control for each. The times between procedure data and interview or death ranged from under one to 41 years, with median equal to 7.9 years and with 2,318 pairs having ten or more years of follow-up. Participant reports of diseases or conditions that might possibly be related to vasectomy through an immunopathological mechanism were validated by direct contact with physicians and review of medical records. Results of this study do not support the suggestions of immunopathological consequences of vasectomy within the period of follow-up. Except for epididymitis-orchitis, the incidence of diseases for vasectomized men was similar or lower than for their paired controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colorectal cancer screening.

Colorectal cancer occurs throughout the world. Little is known about the etiology of this disease, however, adequate data exist to recommend secondary prevention with mass screening of average risk asymptomatic people age 50 or over. Three randomized controlled trials of a guaiac test for fecal occult blood involving over 250,000 participants found significant reductions in colorectal cancer mortality from both annual and biennial screening. Results from observational studies are consistent with the results from the randomized trials. Therefore, a screening recommendation for a fecal occult blood testing can be justified based on the overwhelming scientific evidence. A compelling argument can be made to use an immunochemical rather than guaiac test, since data suggests that immunochemical tests may be more sensitive and more specific than guaiac tests. Colorectal cancer mortality reductions of at least 33% can be attained with annual fecal occult blood testing. Biennial screening will result in reductions of at least 15 to 20%. There is insufficient evidence to justify either flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy for mass screening of an average-risk asymptotic population. However, there is justification for colonoscopic evaluation of high-risk members of the population.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of chlorpyrifos exposure and human health: expert panel report.

This report summarizes the deliberations of an eight-member panel of scientists convened by Dow AgroSciences in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The panel was charged with evaluating the scientific literature on the health effects potentially associated with exposure to the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Specifically, the panel was asked to (1) evaluate human experience data available and address the adequacy of the available current literature; (2) develop a list of recommendations for epidemiology studies, including appropriate endpoints and study populations, and strengths and weaknesses of each approach; and (3) draft a report to summarize its recommendations. The panel assessed the quality of the existing epidemiologic literature on chlorpyrifos and specific outcomes such as neuropathy (including organophosphate induced delayed neurotoxicity), behavior (cognition and affect), immunologic, and multiple complaints (also referred to as multiple chemical sensitivities). The majority of panel members (five members) agreed that the literature reviewed provided little or no scientific evidence that chlorpyrifos exposure causes harm to human health other than its known cholinergic effects associated with acute poisoning. Those panel members voting in the minority (three members) agreed that the studies reviewed provided inadequate evidence to preclude the possibility of adverse effects to human health from chlorpyrifos exposure at levels associated with its manufacture or professional application. Those voting in the minority suggested further investigation of cohort(s) of workers engaged in either the manufacture or the professional application of chlorpyrifos, or both. Compared to the general population, these groups have relatively high levels of exposure to chlorpyrifos. The primary health outcomes recommended for study were cognitive and affective disorders, with consideration of the assessment of peripheral neuropathy also suggested for at least a subset of the cohort.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗