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Biomedical subjects

J S Lyons

Publications and source records attributed to J S Lyons.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Psychological interventions in the pre-surgical period.

The literature on pre-surgical psychological interventions designed to improve psychological adjustment to and recovery from surgery, as well as increase cost-effectiveness, is reviewed. Three broad classifications of interventions (information-based interventions, behaviorally-oriented interventions, and insight-oriented interventions) are discussed based on previous studies aimed at demonstrating the utility of each approach. Limitations of the research in this area are presented and recommendations are made for effective implementation of pre-surgical interventions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Isolating the impact of psychiatric consultations in the general hospital: psychiatric comorbidities and nursing intensity.

The amount of nursing services represents a substantial portion of the total cost of hospital treatment of medical/surgical patients. Patients receiving psychiatric consultations were compared to matched patients (DRG and LOS) who did not receive psychiatric services on the intensity of their nursing service needs. These two groups were then compared on the measure of nursing intensity before and after the timing of the consultation. Those who received a consultation had significantly lower intensity scores prior to seeing the psychiatrist. Although patients receiving psychiatric consultations did not show a significantly greater reduction in nursing acuity relative to their baseline levels than did the matched control patients, the amount of time the psychiatrist spent with consultation patients was positively related with the change in nursing intensity post-consultation.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Reliability, validity, and temporal stability of the geriatric depression scale in hospitalized elderly.

The reliability, validity, and temporal stability of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were studied in sixty-nine elderly patients who had their broken hips surgically repaired. The GDS demonstrated internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. In addition, the GDS was stable across the hospital stay and thus appeared to be less influenced by the patients' acute health status.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Psychosocial services for AIDS patients in the general hospital.

Ninety consecutive non-repeating hospital admissions of patients with AIDS were studied. The rates of psychosocial service utilization were quite high for consultation psychiatry (24.4%), social work (42.2%), and home care (discharge planning) nursing (24.4%). The presence of psychiatric co-morbidities and social needs were associated with increased length of stay. In addition, psychiatric co-morbidities were associated with increased charges for pharmacy and laboratory.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Psychiatric co-morbidities and patients with head and spinal cord trauma. Effects on acute hospital care.

Three hundred twenty-one patients with traumatic head and spinal cord injuries were studied. Forty-two of these patients (13.1%) received psychiatric consultation services. Two types of consultation patients were identified--one receiving psychiatric consultation services in the acute-care hospital and one receiving psychiatric services in the post-acute care, long-term rehabilitation center. In order to assess the impact of psychiatric co-morbidities on hospital length of stay and charges, 40 consultation patients (23 acute and 17 rehabilitation) were matched to 87 control patients who received no psychiatric services. Matching was done on severity of injury, age, and sex. Psychiatric consultation cases had significantly longer stays than did matched controls. There were no differences on total charges.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1988

Treatment opportunities on a consultation/liaison service.

The amount of time consultation psychiatrists in a large metropolitan teaching hospital spent providing direct services was studied over 1,104 consecutive consultation cases. Although the majority of cases required less than 5 hours of psychiatric time apiece, more than 10% of these cases each received more than 10 hours of direct services. This finding has important implications for understanding the types of psychiatric services provided to hospitalized medical/surgical patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

The impact of coexisting depression and timing of psychiatric consultation on medical patients' length of stay.

Patients with a psychiatric disorder are known to make greater use of medical resources than patients without a psychiatric condition, but the impact of highly prevalent psychiatric illnesses, such as depression, on use of medical resources has not been fully explored. This study assessed the lengths of stay of 92 medical and surgical patients who met DSM-III criteria for depression and the relationship of their length of stay to the timing of psychiatric consultations. The 92 patients were hospitalized significantly longer (a mean of 2.52 days more) than they would have been had their length of stay been determined by their medical diagnosis-related group (DRG). A subgroup of 38 Medicare patients were hospitalized a mean of 5.22 days more than the mean stay allowed by their DRG. Consultations occurring earlier in the hospitalizations were linked to shorter stays.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Perceived social support from family and friends: measurement across disparate samples.

This research investigates the psychometric properties of the Perceived Social Support (PSS; Procidano & Heller, 1983) from family and friends across three samples: a chronic-psychiatric sample, a diabetic sample, and an undergraduate college student sample. Comparisons of internal consistency, central tendency, and dispersion for both the perceived family support (PSS-FA) and the perceived friend support (PSS-FR) are reported, as are the relationships between these two scales for each group. Correlations with general health status and psychiatric symptomatology are also reported. The utility of this measure for generalizable research on social support is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A systematic analysis of religious variables in The Journal of Family Practice, 1976-1986.

One thousand eighty-six studies were reviewed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and quality of measures of religion or religiosity in The Journal of Family Practice for the decade ending in 1986. Religious variables occurred at a relatively low rate, even among articles with some psychosocial content. The clear preponderance of religious measures pertained to patients rather than to providers, and religious variables were generally analyzed descriptively, not inferentially. In spite of an encouraging use of some measures of religious beliefs and practices, there remained a significant focus on denominational measures of religious status. These findings suggest that the consideration of religious variables in the family medicine literature has not been commensurate with the emerging picture of the role of religious commitment in health status and mental health status. It is suggested that increased emphasis on developing an original literature of record about religious variables in family medicine will promote the empirical assessment of the beneficial, neutral, and harmful effects of religion among family medicine patients and providers.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1987

Unit-specific variation in occupational stress across a general hospital.

This article presents research involving the comparison of levels of occupational stress across multiple units of a large teaching hospital. Using a scale designed to measure a four-component model of occupational stress in medical environments, the results indicated that a significant amount of the variation in this measure was accounted for by the unit on which the respondent worked. There were no significant differences across levels of employment (e.g., housestaff, nurse clinician, registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, clerk).

Hospital Units↗
PubMed1987

Impact of psychiatric comorbidity on length of hospital stay for medical/surgical patients: a preliminary report.

The impact of psychiatric comorbidity on the length of hospital stay was addressed in a study of all medical/surgical patients discharged in 1984 from the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City (N = 37,370) and Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago (N = 21,889). At both hospitals the mean +/- SD length of stay of the patients with psychiatric comorbidity was significantly longer than that of the other patients: 19.8 +/- 33.3 versus 9.2 +/- 15.3 days at Mount Sinai Hospital and 13.7 +/- 27.7 versus 8.3 +/- 13.2 days at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Early identification of patients with psychiatric comorbidity would permit appropriate psychosocial intervention, which might shorten their hospital stays.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Norms for college undergraduates for the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and the Wiggins Interpersonal Behavior Circle.

Norms based on large random samples of introductory psychology college students are presented for the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (N = 1,133) and the Wiggins Interpersonal Behavior Circle (N = 564). The use of normative data, as compared with raw data or data standardized separately within studies, should result in more precise and meaningful measurement of subjects' locations on sex-role dimensions (i.e., instrumentality and expressiveness) by future researchers using these instruments, although norms should be updated to reflect future research results. Conventional definitions of moderately extreme and statistically extreme scores are presented for these instruments based on these norms, encouraging standardization of sample characteristics of future studies.

Journal Article↗