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Biomedical subjects

J S Keystone

Publications and source records attributed to J S Keystone.

82 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Mebendazole.

The broad-spectrum of activity and safety of mebendazole remain, after 5 years of clinical experience, unique features of this anthelmintic. Through microtubular destruction, mebendazole kills helminths by inhibiting glucose uptake into susceptible parasites. The drug's poor absorption does not appear to affect clinical efficacy except, perhaps, in the treatment of systemic helminth infections. Mebendazole is generally considered the drug of choice for trichuriasis and has therapeutic advantages over other anthelmintics in the treatment of enterobiasis and hookworm infections. Although mebendazole is an effective agent against ascariasis, there are preferable alternatives. Among its nonapproved uses, mebendazole shows great promise in the treatment of capillariasis and hydatid disease. Further investigation is needed to establish its role in the treatment of taeniasis, Hymenolepsis nana, strongyloidiasis, trichinosis, and Dipetalonema perstans. Undoubtedly, mebendazole will find its greatest value in the treatment of patients with multiple helminth infections.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed1978

Person-to-person transmission of Giardia lamblia in day-care nurseries.

In an outbreak of giardiasis at two day-care nurseries in metropolitan Toranto Giardia lamblia appeared to be transmitted person to person. No common source of infection could be found. The proportions of children infected in the two nurseries were 39% and 17%; infection was spread to 7% and 23% of their household contacts. Of the infected children and household contacts 26% and 30% respectively of those for whom detailed information could be obtained were symptomatic. Canadian children were more likely to be infected and symptomatic than were immigrant children attending the nurseries. The most susceptible ages for infection were 1 to 3 years. The results of this study suggest that all children in day-care nurseries who are infected with G. lamblia should be treated, regardless of whether they are symptomatic.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed1978

Seizures and electroencephalograph changes associated with oxamniquine therapy.

A Tanzanian man with a known seizure disorder was admitted to hospital for treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni. He suffered a grand mal seizure soon after the second dose of oxamniquine. This is the first recorded seizured associated with use of this drug. Two other cases are reported in which transient electroencephalograph changes occurred during oxamniquine therapy. The central nervous system effects of oxamniquine are reviewed with respect to its possible epileptogenic effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short-course treatment of typhoid fever with ciprofloxacin in south India.

This study assessed the performance of short-course ciprofloxacin for the treatment of 34 adult patients with culture-positive typhoid fever. Patients received ciprofloxacin, 750 mg orally twice daily for 7 d. Measurement of response was based upon time from initial treatment to fever lysis, to afebrile state, and to symptom resolution. Ciprofloxacin-treated patients defervesced in a mean of 3.21 d (+/- 0.56), with stabilization of temperature in 4.0 +/- 0.73 d. After 90 d follow-up, no relapse or carrier was identified. Side effects during therapy were minimal.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outbreak of trichinosis in Ontario secondary to the ingestion of wild boar meat.

We report an outbreak of trichinosis from the consumption of locally processed, cold smoked wild boar meat of a domestically reared animal from a farm in Dufferin County, Ontario. Between January and March 1993, 24 cases of trichinosis were identified and of these, 21 patients were symptomatic. The most common symptoms were myalgia (75%), weakness (75%), fever (71%) and periorbital edema (67%). Eosinophilia and elevated creatine phosphokinase levels were noted in 86% and 89% of patients respectively. Trichinella serology was positive in 55%. Two patients were hospitalized, one with severe diarrhoea and another with myalgia and fever. Several patients appeared to improve temporarily after treatment with albendazole. This outbreak reminds us that although trichinosis is rare in Ontario, physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for the disease. To prevent further outbreaks, the Ontario Government has instituted new guidelines for the processing of all wild boar meat.

Adult↗