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Biomedical subjects

J S Haynes

Publications and source records attributed to J S Haynes.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Experimental reproduction of Haemophilus parasuis infection in swine: clinical, bacteriological, and morphologic findings.

Haemophilus parasuis is a common cause of polyserositis and polyarthritis in swine. Little is known about the mucosal and systemic sites of replication and lesions which follow an aerosol exposure to H. parasuis. In this experiment 5-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs were inoculated intranasally with an inoculum containing 2 x 10(9) colony-forming units of H. parasuis. Two principals and one control pig were necropsied at 12, 36, 84, and 108 hours postinoculation (PI) and samples obtained for bacteriologic culture and microscopic examination. Inoculated pigs developed clinical signs of inappetence, reluctance to move, lameness, and a serous nasal discharge. Macroscopic findings included a fibrinous polyserositis and polyarthritis 36 hours PI which became progressively more severe at 84 and 108 hours PI. No lung lesions were grossly visible. Microscopic lesions included a mild purulent rhinitis at each post inoculation interval and fibrinous to fibrinopurulent synovitis and serositis at 36, 84, and 108 hours PI. A focal suppurative bronchopneumonia was observed in one pig examined at 36 hours PI. The nasal cavity and trachea were the only mucosal sites from which H. parasuis was reisolated. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from the blood and systemic sites at 36, 84, and 108 hours PI. Findings presented indicated that intranasal inoculation of 5-week-old CDCD pigs with H. parasuis results in clinical signs and lesions of polyserositis and polyarthritis typical of field cases and is a useful model for the study of H. parasuis pathogenesis. The results also suggest that H. parasuis initially colonizes the nasal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Morphogenesis of enteric lesions induced by group D rotavirus in ringneck pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus).

Eight day-old male and female ringneck pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were inoculated with group D rotavirus and necropsied at 4, 7, and 11 days post-inoculation. The intestinal tracts were examined by light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical methods. By 4 days post-inoculation, 2/3 (66%) inoculated birds were stunted and had diarrhea and dilated intestines. Intestinal villi were shortened, and many villous enterocytes were partially detached from the lamina propria. Crypts were hyperplastic, and the lamina propria contained a diffuse infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Immunoreactivity to rotaviral antigen was localized to enterocytes on the tips of villi in the duodenum, jejunum, and proximal ileum. By 7 days post-inoculation, 3/3 (100%) inoculated birds had clinical signs and gross and microscopic changes similar to those at 4 days post-inoculation but more severe. Immunoreactivity was localized in enterocytes scattered along the sides of villi, in occasional crypt enterocytes, and within macrophages in the villous lamina propria. Ultrastructurally, infected enterocytes contained cytoplasmic aggregates of viroplasm with multiple viral core particles. Numerous mature virions (60-75 nm in diameter) were present within dilated components of the cytocavitary network. Macrophages within the lamina propria contained phagocytosed remnants of necrotic virus-infected cells. By 11 days post-inoculation, birds did not have gross lesions, but 1/2 (50%) had mild crypt hyperplasia and an infiltrate of leukocytes in the lamina propria. Occasional enterocytes along the sides of villi and macrophages in the lamina propria were immunoreactive for viral antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Osteosarcoma in a cow.

A mass involving the maxilla of a cow was determined to be an osteosarcoma. Microscopically, the mass was composed of plump pyriform cells aligned along thin trabeculae of osteoid. Osteosarcoma rarely develops in large animal species, but when it does, it is usually found in the skull and must be differentiated from more common diseases, such as actinomycosis and tooth abscesses.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in dogs and cats: 84 cases (1987-1990).

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease was the diagnosis for 58 dogs and 26 cats, with signs of persistent gastroenteritis, failed responses to dietary trials, and histologic evidence of cellular infiltrates unrelated to other causes of gastrointestinal tract inflammation. Clinical signs of large intestinal dysfunction, watery diarrhea, vomiting, and anorexia with weight loss were common. Nonspecific hematologic, biochemical, and radiographic abnormalities frequently were observed. Mucosal biopsy specimens, obtained endoscopically, were histologically evaluated for severity of mucosal epithelial damage. Mucosal erythema, friability, enhanced granularity, and ulceration or erosion were the predominant endoscopic lesions. Inflammatory bowel disease lesions of moderate severity predominated in the stomach, duodenum, and colon. Lymphocytic/plasmacytic infiltrates were limited to the lamina propria in biopsy specimens from all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammatory bowel disease commonly is associated with chronic gastroenteritis in dogs and cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Distribution of type X collagen in tibiotarsi of broiler chickens with vitamin D deficiency.

Type X collagen is a significant component of the extracellular matrix of the hypertrophic zone of physeal cartilage, but its precise role in endochondral ossification has not been determined. The concentration of type X collagen increases in physeal cartilage in chicks with vitamin D deficiency. The purpose of our study was to determine whether defective endochondral ossification due to vitamin D deficiency was associated with abnormalities in the distribution of type X collagen in the proximal tibiotarsus of chicks. To accomplish this, we induced vitamin D deficiency in broiler chicks and sequentially evaluated the pattern of type X collagen immunoreactivity in the proximal tibiotarsus using a monoclonal antibody specific for chicken type X collagen. Type X collagen immunoreactivity was present in the matrix of the prehypertrophic zone, hypertrophic zone, cartilage cores of the primary spongiosa, and within the chondrocytes of the prehypertrophic and early hypertrophic zones in vitamin D-deficient and D-replete chicks. However, rachitic chicks exhibited two consistent differences in type X collagen immunoreactivity: hypertrophic chondrocytes in the late hypertrophic zone and primary spongiosa contained intracellular type X collagen; and type X collagen was concentrated into laminated aggregates in the pericellular and territorial matrices in the late hypertrophic zone and primary spongiosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical localization of type X collagen in the proximal tibiotarsi of broiler chickens and turkeys.

Type X collagen is a prominent component of the extracellular matrix in cartilage destined to mineralize during endochondral ossification, yet its role is only now being determined. As a prelude to determining what, if any, alterations occur in the distribution of type X collagen in growth plates of poultry with rickets or tibial dyschondroplasia, our objective in the current study was to determine the distribution of type X collagen in the proximal tibiotarsi of broiler chickens and turkeys from 1 day of age through physeal closure. Proximal tibiotarsi from five male broiler chickens, five female broiler chickens and five male turkeys were collected at 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 98 days of age and processed for immunohistochemistry; a monoclonal antibody for type X collagen was used to demonstrate type X collagen distribution. Our findings indicate that type X collagen is produced in the prehypertrophic and early hypertrophic zones of the avian growth plate and is incorporated into the extracellular matrix in these zones. Furthermore, intracellular type X collagen is markedly decreased in more mature areas of the growth plate, although type X collagen remains a prominent component of the extracellular matrix until the matrix is completely resorbed. In addition, the distribution of type X collagen is similar in the proximal tibiotarsi of broiler chickens and turkeys at comparable stages of endochondral ossification and distribution of type X collagen in the secondary center of ossification parallels that in the physis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Multiple congenital defects in a female calf: a case report.

This case report describes a female calf with arthogryposis, an extra set of incision teeth, ventral abdominal hernia, tibial hemimelia and the nonunion of mullerian ducts. This is possibly the first occurrence of these anomalies in one animal. The cause of these anomalies may have been genetic in origin due to the close relationship between the dam and the sire and the negative history for such various tetragenic factors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Ultrastructure of Fusarium-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens: a sequential study.

Female broiler chicks were randomly placed into two groups; one was treated twice daily with TDP-1 (a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium roseum), the other was controls. Chicks were sacrificed after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14 days of treatment and were evaluated for tibial dyschondroplasia. TDP-1-treated chicks examined after 2, 4, or 6 days of treatment had either no gross lesions (2 days) or mild gross lesions (4 and 6 days); growth plates from these groups did not have ultrastructural changes. TDP-1-treated chicks examined after 8, 10, or 12 days of treatment had moderate to severe gross lesions of tibial dyschondroplasia. These groups also had intracellular lipid accumulation and necrosis of chondrocytes within the retained cartilage. It was concluded that the cellular changes in tibial dyschondroplasia develop only after the cartilage accumulates; the changes are sequelae, possibly due to nutrient depletion from an increased distance between chondrocytes and perforating epiphyseal vessels, their nutrient source.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

Morphogenesis of Fusarium sp-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens.

Tibial dyschondroplasia was induced in female broiler chicks by the incorporation of 2% Fusarium roseum "Alaska" culture into their starter ration. Chicks were placed on this diet at one day of age and maintained until they were killed at four days or one week. Proximal tibial physes were grossly thickened into cone-shaped masses of cartilage by one week of age. Microscopically, lesions were in both ages of treated chickens and were characterized by thickening of the transitional zone which was especially prominent in the center of the growth plate. This zone was unmineralized, avascular, and contained chondrocytes which were crenated and densely eosinophilic. The cartilage matrix was pale and contained some patchy eosinophilic foci. Four growth plates with tibial dyschondroplasia and four normal growth plates from each of the four-day and one-week-old age groups were evaluated based on the following parameters: number of metaphyseal vascular sprouts, distance between the proliferative/transitional junction and the tip of the metaphyseal vascular sprouts, width of the tips of the metaphyseal sprouts, distance between tips of adjacent metaphyseal vascular sprouts, and number of perforating vessels in the proliferative zone. The distance between the proliferative/transitional junction and the metaphyseal sprout tips was greatly increased (p less than 0.01) in the affected four-day and one-week-old chickens compared to age-matched controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Radiographic appearance of pulmonary metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and urethra of the dog.

Eleven cases of histologically proven transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder or urethra of the dog were selected for evaluation and characterization of the varied radiographic appearances of the lungs. In the 8 dogs with metastases, those appearances included radiographically normal pulmonary parenchyma, a semidense, diffuse, lacelike haze referred to as interstitial opacity, nodular interstitial opacity, and consolidations. One affected dog had hilar lymphadenopathy. In the 3 dogs without pulmonary metastases, the radiographic appearance was either normal pulmonary parenchyma or increased unstructured interstitial opacity. Of all dogs in the study, 6 had a radiographic appearance of increased unstructured interstitial opacity. Four of those 6 had histologically proven metastases in the peribronchiolar lymphatics or alveolar capillaries. Dyspnea was not identified in any of the affected dogs. The radiographic appearance for 3 of the 8 dogs with pulmonary metastases was misinterpreted as opacity compatible with age. The radiographic appearance for 1 of the 3 dogs without pulmonary metastases was misinterpreted as highly suspect for metastases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Astrovirus infection in hatchling turkeys: histologic, morphometric, and ultrastructural findings.

In three separate experiments, 2- or 5-day-old commercial turkey poults were inoculated orally with astrovirus and examined for clinical signs and for gross and microscopic lesions over a period of 14 days. By day 2 postinoculation (PI), inoculated poults had developed diarrhea, generalized loss of intestinal tone, and dilated ceca that contained light-yellow fluid feces and gas; these changes persisted through day 10 PI. Mild crypt hyperplasia was the only change discernible by light microscopy, and it was first noted in the proximal jejunum on day 1 PI, in the distal jejunum and ileum on day 3 PI, and in the duodenum on day 5 PI. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in crypt depth and area was documented by image analysis on day 3 PI. Ultrastructural evaluation revealed intracytoplasmic aggregates of astrovirus in enterocytes on the sides and base of villi in the ileum and distal jejunum on day 3 PI. Based on the findings, it was concluded that astrovirus caused lesions and replicated in both upper and lower segments of the small intestine in turkey poults.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Astrovirus infection in hatchling turkeys: alterations in intestinal maltase activity.

Two experiments were conducted to determine intestinal disaccharidase activity in 1-day-old commercial turkey poults inoculated with astrovirus. Small intestinal samples were collected on days 0.5, 1, 3, and 7 postinoculation (PI) in Expt. 1 and on days 7, 10, and 14 PI in Expt. 2 and evaluated for specific maltase activity (SMA). Astrovirus infection was verified on day 7 PI by immune electron microscopy of intestinal contents. Inoculated poults developed diarrhea and a transient, significant decrease in intestinal SMA. SMA was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in astrovirus-inoculated poults than in control poults throughout the entire small intestine from day 3 through day 7 PI. However, SMA had returned to normal in inoculated poults by day 10 PI and was significantly higher than control values (P < 0.05) in all sections of the small intestine, except in the proximal jejunum, by day 14 PI. Decreased SMA caused by astrovirus infection resulted in disaccharide maldigestion, malabsorption, and subsequent osmotic diarrhea. As astrovirus was cleared from the intestinal tract, SMA was restored and diarrhea was resolved.

Animals↗