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Biomedical subjects

J S Harrell

Publications and source records attributed to J S Harrell.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Use of a heart sound simulator in teaching cardiac auscultation.

The use of a heart sound simulator in teaching recognition of heart sounds was tested in 37 graduate students. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups; one group received both auditory and tactile cues and the other group received only auditory cues. Students were tested at three times: (1) before use of the simulator, (2) after a short teaching session using the simulator, and (3) 2 weeks later. Recognition of heart sounds increased significantly after the teaching session with the simulator, and this knowledge was retained. There was no difference in sound recognition between the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The role of the clinical nurse specialist: problems and solutions.

The clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is a generally untapped resource for the nurse executive. Although seen as an asset, the CNS may be considered an expensive and nonessential part of the department of nursing. The role is threatened with extinction not only because it is seen as dispensable in a time of cost restraint, but also because of problems in role implementation. We believe the CNS role is vital to the advancement of nursing practice and that the impact of the CNS on nursing practice has not reached its full potential. This paper summarizes the major problems inhibiting role development in the hospital setting and suggests solutions to the nurse executive for maximizing the role potential of the CNS.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leisure time activities of elementary school children.

The three most common leisure time activities of 2,200 third and fourth grade children (mean age 8.8 + 0.8; 50.7% girls) and the association of the intensity levels of those activities with demographic variables and risk factors for cardiovascular disease are reported. Activities reported most often by boys were playing video games (33%), playing football (32%), bicycling (31%), watching television (28%), and playing basketball (26%). The girls reported doing homework (39%), bicycling (31%), watching television (30%), dancing (27%), and reading (23%). Overall, the children, especially girls, reported fairly sedentary activities, with an average metabolic equivalent level of 4.2 for girls and 4.8 for boys. Among boys, African Americans reported more vigorous activities than Whites, but the activities reported by White girls were somewhat more vigorous than those reported by non-White girls. Children from a higher socioeconomic status (SES), especially boys, reported a greater proportion of sedentary activities than lower SES children. The risk factors of cholesterol, blood pressure, skinfold thickness, and body mass index were not significantly associated with total activity score. However, significantly more nonobese than obese children reported a vigorous (high-intensity) activity as one of their top three activities.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teaching cardiovascular assessment.

This article describes a learning module for teaching heart sound recognition and summarizes results of two studies testing the learning module. The module, built around a heart sound simulator, was effective with both graduate nursing students (n = 37) and experienced critical care nurses (n = 40). In each study, recognition of heart sounds improved significantly, and the knowledge gained was retained for at least 2 weeks.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clostridium perfringens infection in turkey poults.

Necropsy of dead and sick 5-day-old poults from a flock of 12,500 Broad-Breasted White turkeys having high early mortality (685 the first week) revealed rather large inflamed retained yolk sacs with semiliquid contents, ascites, and swollen greenish-colored livers. Cultures of livers and yolk sacs were negative by standard aerobic procedures for salmonella and any other bacterial pathogens. At the beginning of the 4th week, more poults were necropsied and found to have swollen livers with necrotic foci grossly visible, and a necrotic inflammation of the midintestinal tract extending anteriorly from attachment of the yolk stalk. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from livers and yolk remnants by anaerobic culture.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transmission studies involving a wet fowl pox isolate.

An isolate of fowl pox (FP) virus from a case of "wet" pox in commercial white leghorn (WL) pullets was used to expose WL cockerels via the comb-scratch (CS), eye-drop (ED), or laryngeal-swab (LS) route. Seven days postinoculation (PI), the groups challenged via CS had scabby proliferative pox lesions at the challenge site, the groups challenged via LS had slight dyspnea and rales, and 20% of the cockerels challenged via ED had mild conjunctivitis and lacrimation. By termination of the trial on day 21 PI, the CS-challenged groups had developed pronounced pox lesions. The LS-challenged groups showed severe dyspnea and rales with pronounced raised plaque-like lesions at the opening to the trachea and extending into the upper quarter of the trachea with heavy yellowish caseous exudate partly occluding the glottis. The ED-challenged groups had severe lacrimation and conjunctivitis and small pox lesions on the face, comb, and wattles; 12 of 18 had proliferative lesions on the oral mucosa in the area of the larynx. Forty-five percent of the LS-challenged groups died of suffocation. Pox virus was re-isolated from tissues in all treatment groups. Wet pox transmission appears to be possible via the LS and ED routes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acceleration plethysmography to evaluate aging effect in cardiovascular system. Using new criteria of four wave patterns.

UNLABELLED: Acceleration plethysmography (APG) uses the second derivative of the waveform of the digital photoplethysmography to stabilize the baseline and to separate components of the waveform more clearly than the first derivative. The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the association between APG and aging, using our new criteria of four patterns and 2) to test the clinical usefulness of APG for the prediction of the level of atherosclerosis. The examined subjects were 82 males and 308 females aged 30-69 years. Plethysmograms were recorded in the sitting position. We compared the distribution of four patterns of APG by age group and analyzed the predictor of changing waveforms. We also analyzed the association between wave patterns and the risk factors, i.e. total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and current smoking status. THE RESULTS: -categorized four wave patterns were significantly associated with aging; -pulse pressure (PP), body height and sex influenced waveforms of APG independently of age; and -categorized wave patterns were associated with high serum TC among risk factors for atherosclerosis. Those results suggest that APG reflects the arterial wall properties which change with age and might predict the level of atherosclerosis. To provide further guidance for determining appropriate clinical interpretations of APG, it is required to consider the effects of PP, body height and sex. We conclude that simply categorized wave patterns of APG could be a useful noninvasive tool to evaluate aging in cardiovascular system.

Adult↗