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Biomedical subjects

J S Han

Publications and source records attributed to J S Han.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Electroacupuncture: an alternative to antidepressants for treating affective diseases?

The monoamine hypothesis for affective disorders indicates a functional impairment of the monoamine systems in CNS as the causative factor for the development of depression. Pharmacological manipulations of the monoaminergic neuronal system using tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors produced promising therapeutic effects as well as certain unwanted side effects, which urged the search of a physiological means to activate the central monoamine systems. In the present paper, evidence from animal experiments is presented to show that acupuncture or electroacupuncture (EA) is capable of accelerating the synthesis and release of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in the CNS. Clinical data indicate that EA is effective in treating depressive patients, and at least as effective and with a higher therapeutic index than tricyclic amitriptyline.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1986

A mesolimbic neuronal loop of analgesia: I. Activation by morphine of a serotonergic pathway from periaqueductal gray to nucleus accumbens.

A cerebral neuronal circuit implicated in morphine analgesia was studied in rabbits equipped with chronic intracerebral cannulae directed to periaqueductal grey (PAG) and to bilateral nuclei accumbens. Microinjection of morphine (10 micrograms) into PAG elicited a marked analgesic effect as measured by the latency of a radiant heat induced head-withdrawal reaction. This effect was dose-dependently attenuated by cinanserin, a serotonin (5-HT) blocker, and potentiated by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the direct precursor for 5-HT, administered into the nucleus accumbens. A significant analgesia was also shown when 5-HT (10 micrograms) was injected directly into the nucleus accumbens. The results suggest that morphine acting on PAG seems to activate an ascending serotonergic pathway and, by releasing 5-HT in nucleus accumbens, to exert an analgesic effect.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1986

Procoagulant activity and thrombelastography in Korean hemorrhagic fever.

Twenty male patients with Korean hemorrhagic fever were evaluated with thrombelastography (TEG) to assess the changes in coagulation system, and the results were compared with those of conventional coagulation tests. Procoagulant activity in the plasma was determined by comparing the reaction time "r" of the normal plasma and that of the mixture of equal parts of the normal plasma and the patient's plasma. The TEG was found to be a useful measure of the changes in the coagulation profile, and provided instant accurate assessment of the patient's hemostatic function. Presence of the procoagulant activity was demonstrated in the plasma of the patients and indicated occurrence of active intravascular coagulation during the early stage of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Modulators of pain in the spinal cord.

Intrathecal injection of subanalgesic doses of morphine (7.5 nmol) and dynorphin-A-(1-13) (1.25 nmol) in combination resulted in a marked analgesic effect as assessed by tail flick latency in the rat. The analgesic effect of the composite of dynorphin/morphine was dose-dependent in serial dilutions and not accompanied by any signs of motor dysfunction. Synergism between dynorphin and morphine can also be demonstrated without motor dysfunction, when dynorphin is injected together intrathecally with a serial increasing dosages of morphine. Metenkephalin showed an analogous synergistic effect with dynorphin and also morphine in the spinal cord, although dynorphin (and also metenkephalin) antagonized morphine analgesia by the intraventricular route. The underlying mechanism of the interactions among different classes of opioid ligands at different levels of the central nervous system deserves further study.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1985

The effect of intracerebroventricular 3-mercaptopropionic acid on blood pressure and heart rate in the rat.

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, 250 micrograms/10 microliter) elicited an elevation of blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner in anaesthetized rats. This elevation of blood pressure could be blocked by treatment with amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA, 25 mg/kg, i.p.) 5 h prior to the i.c.v. injection of 3-MP. Given intraperitoneally (i.p.), 3-MP (75 mg/kg) had no effect on blood pressure or heart rate. I.c.v. injection of 3-MP produced a selective decrease in GABA content in the diencephalon and mesencephalon, whereas i.p. injection of 3-MP caused a decrease in GABA content in all regions of brain, including telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, pons and medulla. The results suggest that the elevation of blood pressure induced by i.c.v. injection of 3-MP may be the result of a selective depletion of GABA in diencephalon and/or mesencephalon. Decreases in GABA content in brain regions other than diencephalon and mesencephalon may lead to an opposite effect in modulating blood pressure.

3-Mercaptopropionic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Is cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) a candidate for endogenous anti-opioid substrates?

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), given intracerebroventricularly (icv) or intrathecally (ith) at the dose range of 0.25-4.0 ng, dose-dependently antagonised the effect of morphine analgesia and electroacupuncture analgesia (EAA) in the rat. That CCK-8 antiserum was capable of reversing the tolerance to EAA and changing the non-responders of EAA into responders suggest CCK-8 to be the endogenous anti-opioid substrate and that blocking the effect of CCK-8 may prove to be a powerful way of augmenting the effect of morphine analgesia and EA analgesia.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1985

Cerebral venous angiomas imaged by MR.

The diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) in the evaluation of cerebral venous angioma was studied. The results of MR and computed tomography (CT) were compared in six cerebral venous angiomas in five patients. MR alone was diagnostically successful in only three of six cases. Venous angiomas appeared as tubular structures of extremely low signal intensity on MR images. Although CT was highly sensitive (100%) in detecting lesions, CT was diagnostically specific in only four of the six cases. Angiography was the only modality able to unquestionably detect all six lesions. By varying the MR pulse sequence, we greatly affected the ability of MR to demonstrate lesions. In the cases where MR helped define the abnormality, T2-weighted MR images were able to clearly demonstrate lesions in five of the six cases whereas T1-weighted images helped detect an abnormality in only two cases. Although MR shows great promise in the evaluation of central nervous system abnormalities, CT remains the best imaging modality for detecting venous angiomas. When CT is not conclusive, angiography can be performed for a definitive diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

MR imaging in patients with metallic implants.

A total of 305 magnetic resonance (MR) examinations were performed in 236 patients with metallic implants. Most examinations were performed at 0.3 T. The metallic implants included central nervous system shunting devices, tantalum mesh, surgical wire, skin staples, surgical clips, metallic orthopedic devices, and a few miscellaneous metallic objects. Patients with cardiac pacemakers, electrical implants, prosthetic cardiac valves, and aneurysm clips were excluded from MR examinations. The images were reviewed for evidence of metallic artifact. The conspicuity of artifact was related to the composition, mass, orientation, and position of the metallic object in the body. In most instances, the metallic artifact did not interfere with the interpretation of the image. The patients' records were also reviewed for adverse effects noted by each patient during the MR examination. Only two patients reported discomfort that could possibly have been related to their metallic implants, but in both cases it seemed unlikely that the symptoms were actually related to the imaging process. There were no apparent short-term adverse effects demonstrated in these patients.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗