Quality of life of ESRD patients: development of a tool and comparison between transplant and dialysis patients.
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Age Factors↗
Biomedical subjects
J S Han
Publications and source records attributed to J S Han.
Suppression of audiogenic epileptic seizures by intracerebral injection of a CCK gene vector.
P77PMC rat is a breed of rat with congenital audiogenic seizure (AS). AS attacks could be suppressed by cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). In the present study we made i.c.v. injection of plasmid pSV2-beta Gal or pSV2-CCK encapsulated with lipofectin. Expression of pSV2-beta Gal in brain occurred from d 1 to d 14, with maximal expression at d 3 and d 4. After i.c.v. injection of pSV2-CCK plasmid, the AS of the P77PMC rats was markedly reduced, which was most obvious at d 3 and d 4. The time course of the AS repression was almost identical with that of pSV2-beta Gal expression. The results suggest that the repression of the AS in P77PMC rats is accounted for by the expression of foreign CCK gene in brain tissue.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Rapid induction of glomerular lipidosis in APA hamsters by streptozotocin.
The pathology of male Syrian hamsters of APA strain which were injected intraperitoneally with 40 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (SZ) at 2 months of age was examined. It showed long-lasting prominent hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia with glucosuria and the development of glomerular lipidosis from 1 month after SZ-injection (1 MAI). Glomerular lesions were restricted to the juxtamedullary cortex at 1 MAI and then extended to the subcapsular cortex. At 3 MAI, glomerular lesions were characterized by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis showing segmental expansion of the mesangial area due to an increase of basement membrane-like material and mesangial cells with lipid droplets and foam cells. SZ-induced diabetic APA hamsters will be a useful model for the investigation of glomerular lipidosis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Animals↗
Serotonergic projections from the nucleus raphe dorsalis to the amygdala in the rat.
Previous studies have shown a possible connection between the nucleus raphe dorsalis (NRD) and the amygdala in mediating opioid analgesia. In the present study, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing was used in combination with serotonin (5-HT) immunocytochemical staining in an attempt to search for serotonergic projections from the NRD to the amygdala. In rats which received an injection of HRP into the amygdala, HRP retrogradely labelled 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were observed in the NRD. About 10% of the 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons in the NRD give rise to axons to the amygdala. These cells are predominantly situated in the ipsilateral wing and ventromedial part of the NRD. These data indicate the existence of serotonergic projections from the NRD to the amygdala, providing a morphological substrate for the putative antinociceptive pathway from the NRD to the amygdala.
Afferent Pathways↗
Neurochemical studies on the mesolimbic circuitry of antinociception.
Previous studies using the technique of microinjection into brain nuclei indicated that the periaqueductal gray (PAG), nucleus accumbens, habenula and amygdala play an essential role in pain modulation and that these nuclei possibly act through a 'mesolimbic neural loop' to exert an analgesic effect, in which Met-enkephalin (MEK) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) have been implicated as the two major opioid peptides involved in antinociception. In the present study performed in rabbits, intracranial microinjection was supplemented with push-pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay to determine whether the release of enkephalins (ENK) and beta-EP was increased in these nuclei when the putative neural circuit was activated by morphine administered into one of the nuclei. The results showed: (1) microinjection of morphine into the PAG increased the release of ENK and beta-EP in the N. accumbens, and vice versa; (2) microinjection of morphine into the N. accumbens increased the release of ENK and beta-EP in the amygdala, and vice versa; (3) morphine microinjected into the PAG caused an increase in the release of ENK and beta-EP in the amygdala and vice versa, although the release of ENK in PAG was statistically not significant. These results indicate that PAG, N. accumbens and amygdala are connected in a network served by a positive feedback circuitry.
Amygdala↗
Gentamicin-induced alterations of succinic dehydrogenase activity in the organ of Corti as revealed by non-decalcified frozen sections of the guinea pig's cochlea.
The distribution of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and the changes of SDH activity after injection of gentamicin (GM) were observed in the organ of Corti using non-decalcified frozen sections of the guinea pig's cochlea. The distribution of SDH activity was found to increase from the apex to the basal turn. At each turn, SDH activity of the inner hair cells, the inner supporting cells and the nerve endings surrounding the supporting cell and on the hair cells presented a greater activity than that found in the outer hair cells, adjacent Deiter's cells and associated nerve endings. It was further observed that GM had a greater effect on SDH activity in the basal turn than the other turns. At each turn, a more sensitive area of response to GM was found on the nerve endings one each hair cell, especially on the outer hair cells of the basal turn.
Animals↗
The importance of monitoring tail-skin temperature in measuring tail-flick latency.
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Animals↗
Effect of low- and high-frequency TENS on Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and dynorphin A immunoreactivity in human lumbar CSF.
Transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment was given for 30 min to 37 patients divided into 3 groups of 10 patients and 1 group of 7 patients. Two groups received low-frequency (2 Hz) and the other 2 groups high-frequency (100 Hz) stimulation. A diagnostic lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample was obtained immediately before and after stimulation. The CSF samples were subjected to analysis of immunoreactive (ir) opioid peptides, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (MEAP) from preproenkephalin and dynorphin A (Dyn A) from preprodynorphin, respectively. Low frequency TENS applied on the hand and the leg resulted in a marked increase (367%, P less than 0.05) of ir-MEAP but not ir-Dyn A, whereas high-frequency (100 Hz) TENS produced a 49% increase in ir-Dyn A (P less than 0.01) but not ir-MEAP. This is the first report in humans that 2 Hz and 100 Hz peripheral stimulation induces differential release of peptides from preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin, respectively.
Adult↗
In vitro comparative biomechanical analysis of transpedicular screw instrumentations in the lumbar region of the human spine.
An analysis of the load-displacement behavior of stabilized spines in comparison with intact spines was undertaken using fresh human cadaveric spines (T12/L1--sacrum). The three-dimensional load-displacement data of the five vertebral bodies of an intact specimen in clinically relevant loading cases were recorded using the Selspot II motion measuring system. After testing the intact specimen, an instability was created at the L4-5 level. The unstable motion segment was stabilized sequentially with three transpedicular screw instrumentations. The stabilized specimens were tested, and the data for the stabilized tests were normalized with respect to the intact data to determine the degree of stabilization achieved in various loading modes as a function of the three devices. The results showed that the three transpedicular devices included in this study were effective in imparting stability to the injured ligamentous spinal segment at a p less than 0.01 level of significance. The differences among the devices were not significant.
Aged↗
Bone scintigraphy in acute renal failure with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction.
To evaluate the patterns of renal images and the diagnostic value as a screening test of the whole-body bone and renal scintigraphy with technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) or -pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP), we performed bone scintigraphy in 6 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction on postcontrast renal computed tomography (CT). All 6 patients were young and previously healthy but experienced severe loin pain after track events. Five took analgesics. Postcontrast renal CT showed patchy low-density areas or diffuse enhancement immediately after radiocontrast injection and then patchy wedge-shaped enhancement 24 or 48 h later, which subsequently disappeared 72 h later. On the whole-body bone scintigrams with 99mTc-MDP or 99mTc-PYP before obtaining renal CT, there was no increased uptake of isotope in the soft tissue, and multiple patchy increased accumulations of the isotope in the kidney were observed in 5 patients. In 2 patients, renal scintigraphies with technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinate showed photon-deficient areas in the same areas of patchy isotope accumulation in the whole-body bone scintigraphies. Whole-body image and renal scintigraphy with bone-seeking agents may be useful as a screening test and in the search for the theoretical evidence of ARF with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Bovine undifferentiated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and its differentiation in xenotransplanted tumors.
At necropsy, a 7-year-old Holstein cow, clinically diagnosed via rectal palpation as having malignant abdominal neoplasia was found to have many metastatic tumors of various sizes in the abdominal and thoracic cavities and in the liver, lung, kidney, adrenal, uterus, and lymph nodes. These tumors were examined by histologic and immunohistochemical methods using anti-human myoglobin, anti-bovine myoglobin, and anti-desmin sera. Tumors were diagnosed as undifferentiated alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas. The tumors in the abdominal and thoracic cavities differed histologically from the metastases in organs. The former tumors consisted of only undifferentiated cells, most of which did not stain positively for desmin or myoglobin. The metastatic tumors contained a few rhabdomyoblastic cells that stained positively for desmin and myoglobin. Tumors tissues from the cow were transplanted and propagated through six passages in athymic nude mice. After one passage, the transplanted tumor histologically resembled those from the abdominal serosa and consisted of cells with scanty cytoplasm with an alveolar arrangement. Cells from this tumor stained positively for desmin and negatively for myoglobin. After two passages through nude mice, tumor cells were of two distinct histologic types: those cells with scanty cytoplasm and elongated cells with plentiful eosinophilic cytoplasm. Both of these cells stained positively for both desmin and myoglobin. After six passages, cross striations were detected in neoplastic cells by electron microscopy. These findings illustrate that a highly undifferentiated bovine rhabdomyosarcoma, in which most of the cells in the original tumor lacked desmin and myoglobin, became better differentiated and stained positively for desmin and myoglobin after serial transplantation in nude mice.
Abdominal Neoplasms↗
Acute infection of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus in Syrian hamsters.
One-month-old Syrian hamsters of the APA and Std: golden strains were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(5) PFU/head of the D variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus and examined virologically and pathologically up to 7 days after inoculation. APA hamsters developed apparent hyperglycemia due to pancreatic islet cell damage while Std:golden hamsters did not. Hamsters of both strains showed clear histopathologic changes in the testis with prominent viral replication as well as in the brain, heart and exocrine pancreas. The susceptibility to EMC virus-infection was higher in males than in females and in APA than in Std: golden hamsters.
Acute Disease↗
[Proto-oncogene and pain modulation].
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Animals↗
[Advances in the research on gene therapy].
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Animals↗
[Cardiovascular reactions mediated by 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 receptors in the spinal cord of conscious rats].
Intrathecal administration (ith) of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 micrograms/10 microliters) to conscious rats produced a marked dose-dependent hypertensive effect without significant change in heart rate (HR). Ith administration of fluoxetine (10 micrograms/microliters), one of the presynaptic reuptake inhibitors of 5-HT, produced a marked increase in the mean arterial blood pressure (mABP). This effect could be prevented by a pretreatment with cinanserin (25 micrograms ith) as a blocker of 5-HT receptor. It was further observed that ith of 8-OH-DAPT (2.5, 5, 10 micrograms/10 microliters), a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, produced a dose-dependent increase of mABP and lowering of HR. However, ith of 5-HT3 receptor agonist 2-Methylserotonin (25, 50, 100 micrograms/10 microliters), decreased mABP markedly without change in HR. The results indicate that 5-HT in the spinal cord may extra hypertensive effect via 5-HT1A receptor and a hypotensive effect via 5-HT3 receptor. This gives a possible explanation about the conflicting reports concerning the effect of 5-HT in the central nervous system on blood pressure.
Animals↗
[Measurement of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in dissociated rat brain cells using Fura-2/AM].
The intracellular free Ca2+ concentration was measured in freshly dissociated brain cells prepared from neonatal rats using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fura-2/AM. Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of resting cells was calculated to be 240 +/- 5 nmol/L. Depolarization with high K+ resulted in an over 100% increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and this increase could be prevented or reversed by verapamil or nifedipine known to block voltage-sensitive Ca channels. These results suggest that the adoption of Fura-2/AM method in freshly dissociated rat brain cells is a useful and relatively easily applicable technique for monitoring intracellular Ca2+ changes.
Animals↗
[Cholecystokinin-octapeptide antagonizes the central depressive effect of opioid peptides in rats].
Cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) has been shown to antagonize the analgesia produced by opioid peptides. The present study was performed to evaluate its effect on cardiovascular regulatory functions of opioids. Both CCK-8 and opioid peptides were injected intrathecally (ith) in pentobarbital anaesthetized rats. The depressive effects induced by the mu agonist PL017 (5 micrograms), delta agonist DADLE (25 micrograms) and kappa agonist 66A-078 (1 microgram) were antagonized by CCK-8 within a dosage of 10 micrograms in a dose dependent manner. CCK-8 can also partly antagonize the bradycardiac effects induced by PL017, DADLE and 66A-078. The antagonistic effect of CCK-8 on DADLE in MAP could be reversed by pretreatment with CCK receptor antagonist proglumide (100 micrograms). No significant changes in MAP were found following ith administration of CCK-8 0.5-10 micrograms and proglumide 100 micrograms, but a large dose (50 micrograms) of CCK-8 lowered MAP dramatically. The results suggest that within a certain range of dose CCK-8 in spinal cord may play an antagonistic role against opioid effects in the regulation of cardiovascular function and this effect of CCK-8 seems to be mediated by CCK receptor. These results support the hypothesis that CCK-8 may act as an anti-opioid substance in the CNS of the rat.
Animals↗
[The interaction between nucleus accumbens and amygdala in accelerating the release of enkephalins and beta-endorphin].
The functional relations between nucleus accumbens and amygdala were investigated with intracranial microinjection, push-pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay in the rabbit. Microinjection of morphine 20 micrograms into nucleus accumbens increased the immunoreactive (ir) enkephalin content in amygdala perfusate from a control level of 0.43 +/- 0.43 fmol/0.5 ml (normal saline group) to 61.6 +/- 16.3 fmol/0.5 ml (P less than 0.01); and ir-beta-endorphin content from 1.88 +/- 0.98 fmol/0.5 ml to 4.80 +/- 1.12 fmol/0.5 ml (P less than 0.05). On the other hand, microinjection of morphine into amygdala increased the release of ir-enkephalins (2.41 +/- 1.41 vs 34.6 +/- 8.4, P less than 0.01) and ir-beta-endorphin (1.79 +/- 0.64 vs 5.58 +/- 1.39 P less than 0.05) in the perfusates of N. accumbens. The results indicate the existence of reciprocal reinforcement of opioid release between the two nuclei, which may take part in a putative positive feedback mechanism in the cerebral analgesic system.
Amygdala↗