Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J S Goodwin

Publications and source records attributed to J S Goodwin.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent inhibit the synthesis of IgM rheumatoid factor in vitro.

The effects of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, indomethacin, carprofen, and piroxicam, on in-vitro IgM rheumatoid-factor (IgM-RF) production by peripheral-blood mononuclear cells were studied in lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral (age 20-40 years) and elderly (age 70-80 years) volunteers selected for their known in-vitro IgM-RF production. All three drugs in therapeutic concentrations inhibited IgM-RF production approximately 50%. Addition of low doses of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (30 nmol/l) to the cultures containing indomethacin restored the IgM-RF production to the original levels. Neither indomethacin nor PGE2 had any effect on IgM-RF production if the T cells were irradiated before culture. Endogenous PGE2 seems to stimulate IgM-RF production through an effect on a radiosensitive T-cell population. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents block PGE2 production and therefore reduce IgM-RF production in vitro. These results suggest a new mechanism for the beneficial effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and diet in a healthy elderly population.

This study examined how high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) correlated with a 3-day food record of fat, protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol consumption in a group of 270 healthy subjects over age 60. HDL-C concentrations correlated with alcohol consumption (expressed as grams/day) (r = + .25, P less than .001), and inversely with total carbohydrate (r = - .18, P less than .01) and refined carbohydrate (r = - .17, P less than .01) ingestion (expressed as a percent of total caloric intake). Subjects consuming diets low in either total carbohydrate or refined carbohydrate had 10 to 20% higher HDL-C levels than did those consuming diets high in these food substances. The relationships between HDL-C levels and alcohol and carbohydrate ingestion were independent of other variables which correlated with HDL-C levels. Dietary fat (total fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and cholesterol) did not correlate with HDL-C. LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not correlate with any dietary variable measured.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: dietary and supplemental intakes.

Dietary and supplemental intakes were assessed from 3-day food records collected from 270 free-living, middle income and healthy men and women over 60 yr of age residing in the Albuquerque, NM vicinity. The 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) were used to assess adequacy of intake. Energy intake, as percentage of the RDA, was 90 +/- 23 (mean +/- SD) for men (n = 125) and 87 +/- 22 for women (n = 145). Mean daily protein intake was 83 g for men and 67 g for women and only 11% of men and 14% of women failed to receive at least 100% of the RDA for protein. Frequency and amount of vitamin and mineral supplementation was substantial. Approximately 60% of both men and women ingested one or more supplements; vitamins C and E were the most popular. In general, dietary intakes in this population appear to be adequate with the possible exception of vitamin D and calcium intakes in women.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: vitamin C.

Vitamin C status in 270 free-living and healthy elderly was determined from dietary intakes and plasma levels of ascorbic acid. Mean dietary intake for women (n = 145) was 137 and 142 mg/day for men (n = 125). The median intake of supplemental ascorbic acid for women was 355 mg/day (n = 85) and 500 mg/day (n = 70) for men. The mean plasma ascorbic acid level for women was 1.30 mg/dl and was significantly higher than for men, 1.13 mg/dl. Less than 2% were at risk for developing clinical symptoms of hypovitaminosis C. It was estimated that intakes needed to maintain a plasma ascorbic acid level of 1.0 mg/dl would be 75 mg/day for women and 150 mg/day for men. Our data suggest that a different recommended dietary allowance for ascorbic acid should be considered for men and women.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: riboflavin.

Riboflavin status in 270 free-living and healthy elderly was determined from dietary intake (3-day food records) and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficients (EGR-AC). High EGR-ACs (greater than 1.35) indicate poor riboflavin nutriture. Mean dietary intakes of riboflavin were 1.86 +/- 0.64 (SD) for males and 1.58 +/- 0.69 mg/day for females. Approximately 45% of the population were taking some supplemental riboflavin and total riboflavin intakes ranged from 0.65 to 165 mg/day. The mean EGR-AC for those taking supplemental riboflavin was significantly lower than that of the nonsupplemented group (1.06 and 1.16, respectively). Only three subjects had EGR-ACs greater than 1.35. A significant correlation was found between total riboflavin intake and EGR-AC (r = 0.53). In a separate population of 667 volunteers between the ages of 20 and 87 yr, a significant decrease in mean EGR-AC with age was found. The mean EGR-AC for those over 60 yr and not taking a supplement was 1.16 +/ 0.10 compared to 1.23 +/- 0.11 for those from 20 to 29 yr old. Inadequate riboflavin nutriture appears to be more of a problem for younger than older adults.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: vitamin D.

The vitamin D status in a group of healthy free-living elderly people was determined by measuring dietary and supplemental vitamin D intakes and the plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD). Median dietary intake was 88 IU for Vitamin D, with 26% of the population taking a median supplement of 400 IU. Plasma 25-OHD was significantly lower in the elderly (15.5 ng/ml) compared to a younger control (29.1 ng/ml) population. Within the elderly population, the plasma 25-OHD demonstrated a seasonal influence (nadir in January, zenith in September) and was consistently higher for men compared to women. People taking vitamin D supplements had higher plasma 25-OHD concentrations regardless of seasonal influence. Plasma alkaline phosphatase, an index for bone loss, was inversely related to the plasma 25-OHD concentration. Inadequate dietary vitamin D intake and inadequate sunlight exposure appeared to be contributory to the observed low vitamin D status. It is suggested that American elderly consider using a combination of moderate vitamin D supplementation and increased sunlight exposure in order to improve their vitamin D nutriture.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Physician behaviors that correlate with patient satisfaction.

The behavior of 15 internal medicine residents, each with 10 patients, was observed through a one-way mirror. Ratings by the patients of satisfaction with their physicians were also obtained. Patient satisfaction correlated strongly with ratings for physician courtesy and information-giving, Nonverbal behaviors such as eye contact, bodily positioning, and physical contact did not correlate with patient satisfaction. The correlations between physician behavior and patient satisfaction did not hold for the four women physicians studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Patient characteristics that influence physician behavior.

We examined whether four patient characteristics (age, ethnicity, sex and appearance) influenced five physician behaviors with the patient (interviewing, nonverbal attention, courtesy, information giving and empathy). Ten physician-patient interactions were observed through a one-way mirror for each of 15 physicians. Physicians were rated higher on information giving (p = 0.002) and empathic skills (p = 0.02) when they were with female patients; on interviewing (p = 0.02) and empathy (p = 0.0007) with Anglo-American compared with Spanish-American patients; on interviewing (p = 0.01), nonverbal attention (p = 0.001) and courtesy (p = 0.02) when with the best groomed patients; and on courtesy (p = 0.03) with elderly patients. In addition, there were fewer physician-initiated interruptions with female patients (p = 0.03) and with well-groomed patients (p = 0.02). Each of the four patient characteristics studied acted independently in influencing physician behavior. The recognition that patient characteristics influence physician behavior should stimulate physicians to examine their reactions in order to insure that all types of patients receive thorough, courteous and empathic care.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Anti-Ia reactivity in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Antileukocyte antibodies in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were characterized by determining cross-reacting specificies with the antigens defined by OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKM1 and anti-Ia hybridoma antibodies (Abs). T cells were prepared by sheep erythrocyte (E) rosetting after removal of adherent cells. T cells, or non-T cells, were preincubated with SLE sera at 4 degrees C and then with monoclonal Abs. Binding by specific monoclonal Abs was assessed by two methods: rosetting with ox erythrocytes conjugated with goat anti-mouse IgG and also in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG. Using the rosetting method, we found that sera from SLE can block the binding of monoclonal mouse hybridoma anti-Ia Abs to T cells; the blocking of other monoclonal Abs was not consistent. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, preincubation with SLE sera lowered the intensity of staining and total percentage of either T or non-T cells stained by monoclonal anti-Ia Abs. Blocking of anti-Ia Abs binding by SLE sera was not histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR restricted and was not due to Fc receptor binding. These results indicated that antibodies in SLE sera react with structures contiguous to or identical with Ia determinants. Anti-Ia activities in SLE sera correlate with SLE disease activity. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between anti-Ia blocking activity in the sera and the percentage of Ia-positive T cells in the blood of SLE patients. Antibodies in SLE sera with anti-Ia blocking activity may play an important role in immune dysregulation in SLE patients.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1982

Placebo misuse.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗