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Biomedical subjects

J S Epstein

Publications and source records attributed to J S Epstein.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The "electric" otoplasty.

The goal of otoplasty in the treatment of prominauris is symmetrical restoration of the ears to an aesthetic position with respect to the side of the head. Most commonly, this is accomplished by the creation or enhancement of the antihelical fold. In addition, reduction in the projection of the conchal bowl may be required with manipulation of the antihelical fold. While myriad techniques exist to correct the poorly formed antihelical fold, most involve cartilage weakening and suture placement. Herein we describe a simple and effective technique for cartilage weakening using electrocautery. Using this technique, otoplasty can be performed in a reproducible fashion with a low incidence of complications. In the more than 60 patients treated with this technique, there were no complications related to the use of the electrocautery, and excellent results were consistently obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of infraorbital dark circles. A significant cosmetic concern.

Despite the frequency with which it occurs, little has been written in the scientific literature on the treatment of infraorbital dark circles. I have developed a technique that simultaneously treats the 2 contributing causes of these circles: hyperpigmentation of skin and pseudoherniation of orbital fat. The technique involves simultaneous transconjunctival blepharoplasty and deep-depth phenol chemical peel. Successful outcomes have been obtained in patients with Fitzpatrick classification skin types 1 to 5, with a low incidence of complications. Adequate preoperative counseling regarding prolonged erythema and careful postoperative monitoring with, if necessary, medical intervention are essential if both surgeon and patient are to be satisfied with the outcomes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inactivation and partition of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, type III, during ethanol fractionation of plasma.

Because of concern about the safety of immune globulins prepared for injection, we studied the effects of ethanol fractionation of human plasma on human lymphotropic virus, type III, (HTLV-III) by spiking the products of various fractionation steps with HTLV-III. Tests of inactivation and removal indicated that the ratio of residual live virus in plasma fractions/live virus in starting plasma was about 1 X 10(-15) for precipitate II from which immune globulin for injection is manufactured. The results are reassuring regarding the potential safety of immune globulin.

Deltaretrovirus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inactivation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type III by heat, chemicals, and irradiation.

Infectivity of human T-cell lymphotropic virus, Type III (HTLV-III) was inactivated by heat more rapidly if in liquid medium than if lyophilized and more rapidly at 60 degrees than 56 degrees C. When HTLV-III was added to factor VIII suspension, then lyophilized and heated at 60 degrees C for 2 hours or longer there was elimination of 1 X 10(6) in vitro infectious units (IVIU) of virus. Much of the viral inactivation appeared to result from lyophilization. The application of water-saturated chloroform to the lyophilized material containing virus also resulted in elimination of infectivity. HTLV-III was efficiently inactivated by formalin, beta-propiolactone, ethyl ether, detergent, and ultraviolet light plus psoralen. The results are reassuring regarding the potential safety of various biological products.

Chloroform↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of the AIDS epidemic on the safety of the nation's blood supply.

Present safeguards for the blood supply consist of three tiers of protection: donor deferral based on a donor's history of risk factors, confidential exclusion of blood units from donors with self-admitted risk factors, and testing of the blood itself. Before the discovery of the AIDS virus in 1983 and 1984, there was no specific test relevant to AIDS that could be used to help improve the safety of the blood supply. The first step was intensified efforts, based on what was then known of the epidemiology of the disease, to take donor histories to identify risk factors. The first specific tests were for the detection of antibodies to the virus and came into use in 1985. The general features of AIDS are described, together with the scientific rationale for the various types of laboratory tests, those for the virus itself, antigens, antibodies, the genetic material of the virus, and T4 lymphocytes. General characteristics of the tests are reviewed. Since testing began, about 30 million units each of blood and plasma have been screened. More than 3,000 infected persons in the blood donor group have been identified as HIV-antibody positive. Thirteen cases of transfusion-associated infection have been documented. They are believed to have occurred because a detectable level of antibodies had not yet formed in the infected donors. Currently, such transmission is thought to occur once in about 40,000 to 250,000 donations, a dramatic improvement from 1983.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗