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Biomedical subjects

J S Crawford

Publications and source records attributed to J S Crawford.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Epidural anaesthesia and long term backache after childbirth.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between epidural anaesthesia and long term backache after childbirth. DESIGN: Data from postal questionnaire on morbidity after childbirth sent to women who had delivered in one maternity hospital between 1978 and 1985 were linked to maternity case notes for each woman. SETTING: Maternity hospital in Birmingham. SUBJECTS: 11,701 Women who had delivered their most recent baby at the maternity hospital during the defined period and who returned their completed questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Of the 1634 women who reported backache, 1132 (69%) had had it for over a year. A significant association was found between backache and epidural anaesthesia (relative risk = 1.8); 903 of 4766 women (18.9%) who had had epidural anaesthesia reported this symptom, compared with 731 of the 6935 women (10.5%) who had not had epidural anaesthesia. This association was consistent in both "normal" and "abnormal" deliveries, the only exception being after an elective caesarean section when no excess backache occurred after epidural anaesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The relation between backache and epidural anaesthesia is probably causal. It seems to result from a combination of effective analgesia and stressed posture during labour. Further investigations on the mechanisms causing backache after epidural anaesthesia are required.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1990

The effect of zinc bacitracin and roxarsone on performance of broiler chickens when fed in combination with narasin.

Six trials were conducted at various locations to determine the response of broiler chickens to combinations of zinc bacitracin and roxarsone when fed in the presence of narasin. The addition of zinc bacitracin at 55 mg per kg significantly improved growth rate and feed utilization when data from all locations were combined. There was no effect of roxarsone fed at 50 mg per kg on BW or feed utilization, nor was there an interaction of roxarsone and zinc bacitracin on BW. There was a significant interaction of roxarsone and zinc bacitracin for feed utilization; addition of zinc bacitracin significantly improved feed utilization both in the presence and absence of roxarsone, but the improvement was greater in the absence of roxarsone.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

Secretion of genetically engineered human/mouse class I antigens.

Two soluble, secreted forms of HLA-B7 were engineered by the creation of hybrid human/mouse molecules containing the polymorphic 5' region of the HLA-B7 gene and the secretory 3' region of the mouse Q10d gene. The hybrid, designated F1, is the first construct with only human extracytoplasmic domains, consisting of exons for the leader peptide and the three extracellular domains (alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3) of B7 spliced to the exons for the Q10d truncated transmembrane and 3' untranslated (3'UT) sequences. The second construct, designated C2, is similar but has the human alpha 3 replaced by the Q10 alpha 3 domain. Protein product from each construct was best demonstrated after gene transfection into the J27.2 cell line. In particular, secretion of the F1 product proves that the Q10 alpha 3 domain is not necessary for secretion of class I/Q10 hybrids. Moreover, the two soluble B7 forms, which differ only in their alpha 3 domain, are similarly recognized by monoclonal antibodies W6/32 (anti-HLA-ABC), BBM.1 (anti-human beta 2 microglobulin), and allo-B7-antibody, but differentially recognized by monoclonal antibody Q1/28 (anti-HLA class I heavy chain). Production of such soluble hybrid class I molecules in large amounts should allow critical structural and functional studies of these proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Intubation of the lacrimal system.

Obstruction of the lacrimal passage in infants and young children can often be overcome by simple probing; however, in some cases, intubation is necessary to maintain patency. This paper describes the instruments needed and the method of insertion and removal of silicone tubes. Placement of the tubes is done under general anesthesia, but removal is accomplished easily in the office.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Lacrimal intubation set with suture in the lumen.

When silicone tubes are used for lacrimal drainage problems, tube removal at a later date often requires a second anesthetic. This paper describes a method of joining the lower ends of the tube to make a continuous loop. The method allows for easy removal, saves time, and can be easily performed.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Some observations of levels of plasma cholinesterase activity within an obstetric population.

An account of plasma cholinesterase activity in samples of maternal and cord blood is presented. It is confirmed that plasma exchange markedly reduces the level of activity in maternal blood, and that the level is further reduced during the first 3-4 postnatal days. A particularly marked decrease was found in those cases in which spontaneous mid-trimester abortion occurred. The level of activity in maternal blood (excluding mothers subjected to plasma exchange) at the time of delivery, was higher than that in cord blood in 61% of cases. In 23% of cases the level of activity was appreciably (0.05 units) higher in cord blood, and two-thirds of these cord samples contained the E2+ electrophoretic variant of plasma cholinesterase. The mean levels of activity in maternal and cord blood of Rhesus negative patients were significantly lower than those among Rhesus positive patients but there was no such distinction between Rhesus positive and Rhesus negative males and nonpregnant females. We encountered an incidence of 1:228 abnormal phenotypes in a series of 1593 mothers who underwent Caesarean section under a technique of general anaesthesia which included a suxamethonium infusion. However, probably only two of the seven patients would definitely be sensitive when not pregnant.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1988

Postpartum pleural effusion.

A prospective ultrasound study investigated the reportedly high frequency of asymptomatic pleural effusions in the early postpartum period. The pleural space of 50 women within 1-45 h of delivery was scanned with a real-time sector scanner. Only one woman had a pleural effusion. This patient had severe pre-eclampsia with clinically apparent pulmonary oedema. Our findings do not substantiate the previously reported high frequency of pleural fluid in healthy women immediately after delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

There is only a limited place for spinals in obstetrics.

A review of the experience with spinal analgesia for vaginal delivery and other low abdominal or perineal procedures in the Birmingham Maternity Hospital, and of the recent literature relating to the provision of spinal anesthesia for caesarean section, leads to the conclusion that the latter technique is too unreliable, and involves too great an incidence of potentially dangerous complications, to be an acceptable alternative choice to epidural analgesia.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1987

Traumatic hyphema in children. Treatment with epsilon-aminocaproic acid.

Forty-nine patients, ages 3 to 18 years, who sustained nonpenetrating unilateral trauma with hyphemas were assigned randomly to receive either 100 mg/kg of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), an antifibrinolytic agent, orally every 4 hours for 5 days (maximum 30 g/day) or a placebo. No patients ingested acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-containing compounds before or during admission. Two patients of 24 treated with EACA and 1 of 25 given placebo had rebleeds. The hyphemas in the EACA-treated group took significantly longer to clear (mean, 5.3 versus 2.6 days; P less than 0.001). Because of the low incidence of rebleeds in the placebo group, the efficacy of EACA in reducing the rate of rebleeds could not be determined. Further studies with this drug, controlling for age, race, sickle trait, and pre-admission antiplatelet agents should be undertaken before its routine use in traumatic hyphema management can be recommended.

Adolescent↗