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Biomedical subjects

J S Cameron

Publications and source records attributed to J S Cameron.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Localization of glomerular "deposits" in Henoch--Schönlein nephritis.

Twenty-five renal biopsies from patients with Henoch--Schönlein nephritis were examined using light microscopy, immunofluorescence, 1 micrometer plastic-embedded sections and electron microscopy. The 1 micrometer plastic-embedded sections and electron microscopy showed deposits in mesangial, subendothelial and subepithelial sites. Some of the latter were very large and similar to those which have been described as "humps" in acute proliferative glomerulonephritis. Immunofluorescence showed the mesangial deposition of IgG, IgA and C3 with extension into a peripheral position in some cases. Fibrin was frequently found associated with crescents. The case for Henoch--Schönlein disease being mediated, in part at least, by immune complex deposition, is presented.

Complement System Proteins↗
PubMed1977

Platelets and glomerulonephritis.

There is evidence derived from both experimental studies and from observation of human nephritis that platelets are important in the glomerular injury of chronic soluble-complex disease. It is not yet clear if platelets are involved in the events initiating endothelial damage, in perpetuating and amplifying injury, or both. Antiplatelet agents appear to have a role in the treatment of chronic forms of glomerulonephritis; but more knowledge of platelet involvement in nephritis and more readily available tests for platelet involvement are necessary before this suggestion can be tested intelligently.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1977

Henoch-Schönlein nephritis.

Henoch-Schönlein nephritis now appears to be an immunologically mediated disease, common in children but rare in adults, and initiated by unknown antigen or antigens. We have reviewed this form of nephritis with particular attention to immunological changes, occurrence in adults and prognosis. Assessment and treatment are made difficult by varying diagnostic criteria, especially in adults, and lack of controlled data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Value of renal biopsy in acute intrinsic renal failure.

Eighty-four patients presented with acute renal failure and features suggesting a diagnosis of intrinsic renal disease other than "acute reversible renal failure." Renal biopsy proved valuable in establishing the diagnosis, in indicating the reversibility of the lesion, and in helping to decide on treatment.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

Mouse malaria nephropathy.

Mice were infected with 1X 107 Plasmodium berghei Yoelii parasites intraperitoneally. Circulating parasite, malaria antibody and C3 concentrations were measures: parasitaemia and hypocomplementaemia were transient, but the antibody response was persistent. Animals were sacrificed at intervals and their kidneys examined: a glomerulonephritis associates with predominantly mesangial deposits of C3, IgG1, IgM and some IgA always developed after 7 days and persisted for up to 6 mth. Malaria antigen and antibody were demonstrated within the glomeruli. Microscopic haematuria occurred with proteinuria but without marked deterioration in renal function. Strains producing high and low affinity antibody were equally susceptible to the disease. Treatment with glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive, platelet function inhibiting and/or anticoagulant drugs, or indomethacin from the 1st day of infection failed to prevent development of the disease or to lead to its early cure. Eradication of the infection within its first 3 days prevented glomerular deposition of antibody and complement, and infection with a smaller antigen load followed by later treatment also produced subsequent cure.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Transplantation in mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis with intramembranous dense "deposits": recurrence of disease.

Six patients with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and intramembranous dense "deposits" developed terminal renal failure and were transplanted, three from living and three from cadaver donors. Eight renal biopsy specimens were obtained from five of the grafts, from 1 to 26 months following transplantation. All six biopsy specimens taken later than seven months following the graft showed recurrence of dense intramembranous "deposits" in the basement membranes of glomeruli, and of Bowman's capsule and tubular basement in five. Recurrence of "deposits" was associated with deposition of C3 on immunofluorescent study in all but one specimen; in addition, IgM was found in two specimens, but IgG and early complement components were absent. Only two patients, however, showed glomerular proliferation associated with profuse proteinuria. In the other subjects the recurrence of the "deposit" was not associated with clinical findings. Graft loss, which occurred in two patients, was predominantly from rejection.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of 100 children with severe and persistent hypertension.

In 100 children with persistent hypertension seen over the past 5 1/2 years the commonest causes of hypertension were chronic glomerulonephritis, reflux nephropathy, coarctation of the aorta, and obstructive uropathy, accounting for some 70% of cases. 17 children have died, but in the remainder hypertension has been controlled by surgery, chronic haemodialysis, or by the use of pharmacological agents. Methyldopa was the commonest drug used, and the children appeared relatively resistant to the side effects of this and of other drugs, even when large doses were used. The improvment is the prognosis of severe hypertension in childhood indicated in this survey is largely due to the availability of chronic haemodialysis and transplantation for end-stage renal disease, but the advances in diagnositc methods and surgical techniques and the introduction of new drugs have also contributed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Uric acid excretion by the pig kidney.

The handling of uric acid by the pig kidney has been investigated during continuous urate infusion in unrestrained, unanesthetized animals. Urate-to-inulin clearance rates in excess of 1 were found under all experimental conditions, demonstrating only net secretion by the pig kidney. The demonstration of a secretory maximum was precluded owing to a progressive reduction in the GFR associated with high rates of urate infusion. Urate clearance was independent of urine flow rate up to 10 ml/min. The administration of probenecid inhibited urate secretion, but urate-to-inulin clearance ratios below unity were not observed. Pyrazinamide or pyrazinoic acid, at doses which either inhibited secretion or promoted uricosuria in other species, did not alter urate excretion in the pig. Probenecid together with pyrazinamide exerted the same inhibitory effect on urate secretion as probenecid alone. Pyrazinoic acid was reabsorbed at all infusion rates. It is concluded that the pig kidney eliminates uric acid by filtration and secretion only.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Disease activity in the nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus in relation to serum complement concentrations. DNA-binding capacity and precipitating anti-DNA antibody.

Serum C4 and C3 concentration and binding of double-stranded-DNA (ds-DNA) were measured in sera from ninety-nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and clinical evidence of nephritis. C3 and C4 concentrations correlated poorly with ds-DNA binding. In sera from fifty-three patients, precipitating antibody was sought using the counterimmunoelectrophoretic technique. Precipitating antibody was detected on at least one occasion in 44% of the patients, and these sera with precipitating antibody showed higher binding of ds-DNA and lower C4 concentrations than those without precipitating antibody. In thirty-two patients, serial assessments of the activity of the renal disease were made using decline or improvement in glomerular filtration rate, degree of proteinuria, oedema and hypertension as indices of "activity". All patients were receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Active nephritis was rarely found in patients showing, at that time, a normal serum C4 or normal ds-DNA binding; but a raised ds-DNA binding or lowered serum C4 were found in both active and inactive nephritis. There was no correlation of activity with serum concentrations of C3, or the presence or absence of precipitating antibody. We conclude that measurements of serum-complement concentrations and binding of ds-DNA are of most use in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, and that in patients with nephritis and taking immunosuppressive drugs, these tests are of limited use in guiding treatment.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1976

Absence of glomerular renal tubular epithelial antigen in membranous glomerulonephritis.

Renal biopsies from 24 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of autologous renal tubular epithelial antigen (RTE). Staining of the luminal layer of proximal tubular epithelium was found in all cases, as with normal human kidney, but granular staining along glomerular capillary walls was not observed. The role of RTE in the genesis of human membranous glomerulonephritis has not been confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis with dense "deposits" in the basement membranes of the kidney.

Amongst 125 patients with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN), 19 showed continuous intramembranous dense "deposits" (IDD). Most were children or young adults. Two patients had partial lipodystrophy. Eleven had a consistently low plasma concentration of C3; only three, however, had an initial low plasma concentration of C4, which rose and then remained normal in two. Tests for the C3 nephritic factor were positive in thirteen patients, and plasma C1q was normal in 8 out of 11 cases investigated. Ten out of twelve (seven of them with low plasma C3) showed C3 deposition by immunofluorescence in the glomerular tuft. This was also demonstrated in some instances in Bowman's capsule and tubular basement membranes. Stains for IgG, IgA, C4 and C1q were negative in all, whereas stains for IgM and fibrin were weakly positive in the glomeruli of three and eight cases repectively. Eight patients went into terminal renal failure over an average of thirty-three months and required hemodialysis or transplantation. MCGN with IDD is an uncommon pattern of renal response to injury, which involves activation of the alternate pathway of the complement system and has a poor short term prognosis. The association with partial lipodystrophy and C3-splitting activity suggests a primary complement abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast immunofluorescence test in systemic lupus erythematosus.

An immunofluorescence test for antibodies to native DNA, using the kinetoplast of Crithidia luciliae as substrate, has been assessed in comparison with the Farr precipitation technique, on a total of 395 sera from sixty-three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 185 other hospital patients and sixty healthy controls. The immunofluorescence test appears to have great specificity as a diagnostic test for SLE, though lacking the sensitivity of the Farr technique. Like the latter, it is altered by immunosuppressive treatment, and in patients with SLE nephritis on immunosuppression it does not show good correlation with activity of renal disease. Its specificity and simplicity nevertheless make it a valuable clinical test.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗