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Biomedical subjects

J Rybka

Publications and source records attributed to J Rybka.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Recent findings on type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes (epidemiologic data, etiopathogenesis)].

Although NIDDM is by far the most frequent form of diabetes, the pathogenesis is less clear and even more controversial than in IDDM. There is a heterogeneity of IDDM and NIDDM and there are reasons why the two types should be considered different diseases although we do not know exactly why. NIDDM is the result of a disbalance between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Fully developed NIDDM syndrome calls for the concurrent existence of both main defects, i.e. insulin resistance and deteriorated B-cell function. It is important that the two defects must occur simultaneously, only then marked glucose intolerance develops. Concurrent hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia on fasting suggest severe insulin resistance. Investigations provide evidence that hyperinsulinaemia is a predictor of the final development of IGT and IDDM and it was demonstrated that hyperglycaemia is a predictor of development of NIDDM in Caucasians.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1994

[The past, present and future of treatment of type II diabetes mellitus].

Diabetes mellitus type II-NIDDM--is characterized by insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance. The main therapeutic aim is to mitigate symptoms, achieve and maintain desirable body weight, achieve a normal blood sugar level and treat complications. The main principle of NIDDM therapy remains an adequate dietary programme with reduction of the total energy intake. The greatest problem of successful therapy remains dietary non-compliance of the patient. Oral antidiabetics--in particular sulphonyl urea, have been the basis of therapy for more than 30 years. But even on this point there are some controversial views. The author discusses some problems of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of SU, clinical effectiveness, reasons for primary and secondary failure and presents a list of sulphonyl urea derivatives of the second generation.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1989

[Visual evoked potentials in diabetics].

The authors investigated visually evoked potentials in 27 patients with diabetes mellitus type I and II. In 77.8% of the patients abnormal values of visually evoked responses were found. The authors did not find a significant relationship between the degree of diabetic retinopathy and the disorder of visually evoked potentials.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1989

[Special problems in diabetics with hypertension].

Diabetes and hypertension are independent risk factors of coronary heart disease as well as of other cardiovascular diseases, and their combination substantially enhances the risk. Hypertension is twice to four times as frequent in diabetics than in the non-diabetic population. The most frequent form is essential hypertension which affects the relatively most numerous group of the II diabetics but may occur also in type I diabetics. Insulin dependent diabetics suffer more frequently from "renal diabetic hypertension" and tend to develop hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism. Other types of hypertension found in diabetics are systolic hypertension and hypertension with orthostatic hypotension. In an effort to improve the adverse prognosis of diabetics with hypertension it is essential to pay systematic attention to early detection of high blood pressure, its differential diagnosis and treatment, and to detect, and if possible eliminate, other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Diabetes mellitus and exercise.

The study deals with the subject of exercise in diabetic patients, with particular emphasis on acute physical stress in type--I and type--II diabetics. The principal task was to define metabolic changes as they occur in the diabetic subjected to acute stress induced by exercise, in comparison with non-diabetics; metabolic changes during prolonged stress as well as during the period of rest; and finally, to propose, on the basis of authors' experimental results and detailed literature research, appropriate rules of procedure for prescriptive exercise for the individual patient. There were 120 subjects divided into 8 groups. Using primarily a bicycle ergometer, the members of the individual groups were subjected to physical stress of various intensity and duration. A detailed analysis of each subject's metabolic response was performed, involving an assessment of 35 physiological and biochemical parameters, with main focus on determining biochemical changes. The study results are presented in detail both with respect to the metabolic response to a given stress in individual groups and comparatively for individual parameters with regard to specific stress rates and groups. Significant differences were found in the metabolic responses concerning the following parameters: acid-base balance, potassium, triglycerols, glucose, cholesterol, FFA, free glycerol, lactate, uric acid. On the basis of the results of experimental measurements, the following algorithm has been designed for prescribing exercise to diabetics: appropriate motivation; determination of the type of exercise; determination of the intensity of exercise; determination of the duration of exercise; respecting related contraindications and complications. A conclusion has been made that provided all possible risks and contraindications as well as prescription guidelines are respected, exercise is to be considered one of the basic principles of diabetes management.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗