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Biomedical subjects

J Rybakowski

Publications and source records attributed to J Rybakowski.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social functioning of patients with alcohol dependence treated with disulfiram at the substance abuse treatment center].

The effect of disulfiram ("Anticol") treatment lasting from 7 to 12 months of 57 alcohol dependent out-patients was evaluated. The satisfactory results (i.e. patients remained abstinent and took the medication regularly) were observed in 30 patients. Those patients did not differ from others in regard to age, length of alcohol abuse, the severity of dependence, the genetic encumbrance , the features of alexithymia , and the membership of AA-clubs. The percentage of patients with positive treatment results was significantly higher among subjects with high self-motivation to treatment, among married subjects, and among those professionally active. The findings are similar to the recent American results where about a half of alcoholics showed positive effects of disulfiram treatment, especially those with high motivation to the treatment and with the stabile social position.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biochemical markers in relation to the degree of alcohol dependence].

In 93 alcohol dependent patients following laboratory tests were done: gamma-glutamic transpeptidase (GGTP), aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), mean erythrocyte volume (MCV), triglycerides (TGL), and HDL-cholesterol to whole-cholesterol ratio (HDLC%). The psychometric evaluation was made by MAST questionnaire and by authors clinical scale for the evaluation of alcohol dependence. Lover values of GGTP and SGOT were shown in patients during abstinence than in subjects continuing drinking. Patients more severely dependent showed higher HDLC%. The more frequent abnormalities reflected: GGTP (33.7%), MCV (33.7%), and HDLC (31.4%). The use of these 3 markers allowed to reveal abnormalities in 72.1% of subjects, while the use of all 5 markers - in 81.4%. The identification significance of markers was different in persons with more and less severe alcohol dependence. Three most sensible markers in the group of less dependent subjects were GGTP, MCV, TGL (60% of subjects showed abnormalities regarding these markers). Among more severe dependent subjects HDLC%, GGTP, and MCV were most sensible markers (78.4% of abnormalities). Using all 5 markers the abnormalities in the group of less severe dependent subjects were found in 71.4%, and in the group of more severe dependent patients--in 88.2%.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The niacin test in schizophrenia].

The niacin test (oral administration of 200 mg of nicotine acid) was done in 33 schizophrenics and 18 endogenous depressed drug-free patients in the presence of intense symptomatology. The erythema reaction was found in 25 schizophrenics (76%) and in all depressed patients. No significant differences in basal clinical features between schizophrenics with and without erythema reaction were found. The measurements of maximal increase of the left ear lap temperature after nicotine acid administration as well as time needed to note such increase did not show significant differences between schizophrenic patients with and without erythema reaction, and patients with endogenous depression. The results show a limited usefulness of the niacin test in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, the results suggest the possibility that among the small number of schizophrenics there is metabolic defect probably connected with the low activity of PGE1 prostaglandins.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dissimilar effects of lithium and carbamazepine on erythrocyte lithium transport in vivo: clinical implications.

The effect of lithium (Li) and carbamazepine (CBZ) on erythrocyte lithium transport in vivo was investigated in 28 patients with affective or schizoaffective illness (14 given Li and 14 given CBZ). In 12 of them, Li or CBZ were added to current psychotropic treatment. The activities of erythrocyte lithium-sodium countertransport (LSC), lithium-potassium cotransport (LPC) and passive lithium diffusion (PLD) were assayed before and after 28 days of treatment. The administration of Li caused a significant decrease of LPC as well as PLD activity. The administration of CBZ resulted in a significant increase of the activity of LPC system. No systematic relationship was observed between Li or CBZ-induced alterations in erythrocyte transport and changes in clinical state of patients. The possible clinical implications of the dissimilar effect of Li and CBZ on erythrocyte lithium transport are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Usefulness of standardized psychometric scales (BPRS, HDS)in the evaluation of schizophrenic symptoms (preliminary report)].

The psychometric investigation using BPRS and HDS was made in 27 schizophrenics in both acute and remission phase. The control group consisted of 22 depressive patients. The schizophrenic patients showed significant higher score of 9 BPRS items respecting schizophrenia subscale of BPRS in Beech's modification. Among acute schizophrenic the significant correlation was found between the intensity of positive (productive) and negative (defective) symptoms. No correlation was found between the severity of depression in HDS, severity of positive/negative symptoms, and global BPRS score. Among schizophrenics during remission both total severity in BPRS and negative symptoms subscale score correlated significantly with the intensity of symptoms in Hamilton's scale. The results were confronted with the last data from the literature. The results show the usefulness of these scales for the diagnosis of schizophrenia and for the evaluation of importance of positive/negative symptoms in the course of schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma and erythrocyte electrolytes in endogenous depression --neurophysiologic implications].

The serum concentration of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium as well as the level of sodium, potassium, and magnesium in RBC were measured in 45 patients with endogenous depression. The group consisted of 30 female and 15 male patients in the age from 17 to 56 years, during the depressive phase of illness and in remission. The control group formed 31 healthy subjects, 22 female and 9 male aged 27-56 years. The concentration of all mentioned cations in erythrocytes during depressive phase was lower in female patients than among healthy controls. In the group of male depressive patients lower level of magnesium in serum and RBC and higher serum level of calcium was stated. The concentrations of measured electrolytes in both male and female patients in remission did not differ from the values in healthy persons which suggests the dependence of distribution changes of studied cations on the phase of illness. The disturbances of cations distribution in depression found in the study may be connected with the weakness of ATPases which transport these cations through the cell membrane.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Severity of alcohol dependence and social functioning of male patients with alcoholism. I. Functioning in the sharing of marital roles].

The relations between social functioning and severity of alcohol dependence of 40 male patients from Dependence Treatment Ward in Bydgoszcz were studied. Using the MAST, CAGE, and self clinical scale the cohort was divided into two groups: less and more severe dependent probands. The demographic and social data of patients from both groups did not differ significantly. Social functiong was evaluated by use the Scale of Social Roles taking into consideration the set of marital roles (with basic roles of sexual partner, friend, guardian, and family support). The disposition to perform the role, privileges, fulfilling the duties, activity, and harmonization of the role were estimated in each of the role mentioned above and in every patient. It was shown that subjects more dependent on alcohol are significantly less active in the role of sexual partner and in support of family, as well as are less effective in performing such roles and are more egoistic in the role of sexual partner than men less dependent on alcohol. No differences were found in other roles among studied groups. The revealed differences were discussed in the aspect of psychologica and interactive hanges in marital couple.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Severity of alcohol dependence and social functioning of male patients with alcoholism. II. Functioning in parental, employee's and autonomous roles].

The relations between social functioning and severity of alcohol dependence of 40 male patients from Dependence Treatment Ward in Bydgoszcz were studied. Using the MAST, CAGE, and self clinical scale the cohort was divided into two groups: less and more severe dependent probands. The demographic and social data of patients from both groups did not differ significantly. Social functioning was evaluated by use the Scale of Social Roles taking into consideration the set of basic roles: role of guardian, family support, educator, superior, subordinate, member of social group, patient, and the role of child. The dispositions to perform the role, privileges, fulfilling the duties, activity, and harmonization of the role were estimated in each of the role mentioned above and in every patient. It was shown that subjects more dependent on alcohol are significantly less active in the role of family support, educator, subordinate, and they possess significantly less dispositions to the role of educator and superior. No differences were shown between the groups regarding other characteristics of each role. The comparison of joint structural elements of the whole set of roles among more dependent patients showed deficits of social functioning as follow: the impairment of dispositions and fulfilling of duties as well as lesser activity, in comparison with less dependent probands. The level of privileges obtained from the roles did not differ in both groups. The specific influence of alcohol dependence severity on the way of social functioning demonstrated in the study may show the directions of therapy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Rorschach test in the diagnosis of schizophrenia].

Rorschach test was performed in 20 schizophrenics and 20 patients with endogenous depression. The results were interpreted according to Piotrowski system by using the computer elaboration of data. At least a half of schizophrenics showed abnormal values of following: index alpha indexes (impairment of external and internal activity), %D (analytic, practical thinking) %H + Hd (attitude toward people), %F + p (correctness of thinking). The comparison with the endogenous depression group revealed however only the %F + p significant difference between both groups of patients (values in depressed patients were within normal range). The comparison of schizophrenia and depression group regarding other results of the test their configuration showed more often answers of anatomic and sexual content, more often popular answers, and larger number of introverts in the group of schizophrenia. In the depressive group larger was the number of refusal to answer after presentation of some test tables. The results confirm several abnormalities in various indexes in Rorschach test psychogram among patients with schizophrenia. At the same time they shake the opinion of relative diagnostic specificity of the test because several similar abnormalities were found in patients with endogenous depression.

Adult↗