Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Ryan

Publications and source records attributed to J Ryan.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine in combination with atenolol.

This double-blind randomized, crossover study was undertaken to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of nifedipine retard and atenolol when given separately, as a free or a fixed combination, compared with placebo in 15 healthy male volunteers. There was no difference between the three atenolol formulations in time to maximum blood concentration or elimination half-life. The fixed combination showed significant differences in both maximum observed blood concentrations (+16 per cent) and total area under the curve (+16 per cent) compared to atenolol alone. Urinary recovery of unchanged drug from the fixed combination was also slightly increased but the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, statistical evaluation of the plasma pharmacokinetics of nifedipine retard and urinary recovery of nifedipine metabolite showed that all three formulations were indistinguishable. Thus, it is concluded that the fixed combination of nifedipine and atenolol is bioequivalent to the free combination and that the bioavailability of both drugs in the fixed combination is equivalent to that of the single entities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Botulism as a cause of respiratory failure in injecting drug users.

BACKGROUND: Wound botulism occurs as a consequence of inoculation of Clostridium botulinum spores into a wound. AIM: To describe such a case of wound botulism. RESULTS: A 23-year-old drug-injecting user presented with bulbar symptoms and progressive signs over a three-day period. The diagnosis of botulism was suspected and was treated with large doses of penicillin and botulinum antitoxin. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of serum botulinum toxin A. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware of the association of botulism in injecting drug users, particularly in Ireland.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment and management of transient ischaemic attack--the role of the TIA clinic.

BACKGROUND: As the risk of early stroke following transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is increasingly recognised, the management of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of TIA presents a clinical challenge. METHODS: Analysis of prospectively collected data on patients referred to a TIA clinic in St. Vincent's University Hospital, between January 2003 and July 2004. RESULTS: One-hundred-and-seventeen (117) patients (mean age 75.5 years) were assessed. The majority (79%) were referred from Accident and Emergency and 61% were seen within one week of referral. Seventy-two patients (62%) had a final diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease (56 TIA, 16 completed strokes), of whom five (7%) and four (5.5%) had severe (> 70%) and moderate (> 50%) symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, respectively, whilst seven patients (10%) had newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation, five of whom were anticoagulated. Non-cerebrovascular diagnoses were made in twenty-seven patients (24%). CONCLUSION: A TIA clinic, in co-ordination with Accident and Emergency Services, provides a safe and efficient alternative to hospital admission for patients with TIA symptoms and a low early stroke risk.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Late presentation of small bowel obstruction following blunt abdominal trauma.

BACKGROUND: Motor vehicle accidents have increasingly become a major cause of serious blunt abdominal and chest injury, the pattern and mechanism of which has changed in recent years largely due to seatbelt legislation. AIM: A case of blunt abdominal and chest trauma is reported which resulted in a mesenteric tear--the small bowel subsequently herniated through and strangulated. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the need for clinical suspicion, serial physical examination and early surgery in the management of these injuries.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Woman abuse. The role of nurse-midwives in assessment.

When health care providers do not assess routinely for abuse, it most likely is a result of the powerful social myths surrounding domestic violence and a lack of knowledge about incidence, prevalence, and the dynamics of abuse. This article examines commonly held myths as well as personal and social constraints that cause practitioners not to assess for abuse. Additionally, it presents guidelines for the assessment of individual women, as well as professional role development in the area of abuse of women and suggests that nurse-midwives are generally well positioned to assess their clients for the health problems of violence and abuse.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary hepatic lymphoma in a patient with chronic hepatitis C.

The case is presented of a woman with chronic active hepatitis C who developed primary hepatic lymphoma. The possible roles of viral hepatitis and therapeutic interferon in the pathogenesis and progression of this unusual malignancy are discussed. In addition, the importance of accurate tissue diagnosis to identify potentially treatable hepatic tumours is emphasized.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of two-liter prepacked enteral diet delivery system: a controlled trial.

Following a recent study in our Unit which showed that significantly more of prescribed enteral diet was administered from 2-liter bags than 0.51 bottles, a controlled clinical trial was undertaken to investigate further the effectiveness of the 2-liter prepackaged enteral delivery system. Forty patients with normal gastrointestinal function requiring enteral nutrition were randomized to receive nasogastrically 2-liter/day of polymeric diet (2000 kcal, 12 g N) either from a presterilized 2-liter PVC bag (Express EFI Ltd, UK) or from two 1-liter rigid plastic containers filled with cans of Clinifeed 400 (Roussel Laboratories Ltd, UK). The actual volumes of feed infused were monitored in patients fed for 5 days or more. Both nursing and dietetic staff preferred the 2-liter bags which were more convenient to prepare and use. Significantly larger quantities of prescribed diet were delivered from the 2-liter bags than from the 1-liter containers (p less than 0.001). It was concluded that the 2-liter bag system was potentially more convenient and nutritionally efficacious than 1-liter containers. Although the incidence of microbial contamination associated with the 2-liter bags was low, measures to maintain the sterility of this system may need to be more stringent.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The efficacy of a prophylactic knee brace to reduce knee injuries in football. A prospective, randomized study at West Point.

The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to determine the efficacy of a prophylactic knee brace to reduce the frequency and severity of acute knee injuries in football in an athletic environment in which the athletic shoe, playing surface, athlete-exposure, knee injury history, and brace assignment were either statistically or experimentally controlled. The participants in the study were 1396 cadets at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, who experienced a total of 21,570 athlete-exposures in the 1986 and 1987 fall intramural tackle football seasons. The use of prophylactic knee braces significantly reduced the frequency of knee injuries, both in the total number of subjects injured and in the total number of medial collateral ligament injuries incurred. However, the reduction in the frequency of knee injuries (total and medial collateral ligament) was dependent on player position. Defensive players who wore prophylactic knee braces had statistically fewer knee injuries than players who served as controls. This was not true of offensive players who served as controls; they had statistically no difference in the number of knee injuries from players who wore prophylactic knee braces. The severity of medical collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament knee injuries was not significantly reduced with the use of prophylactic knee braces.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The efficacy of a semirigid ankle stabilizer to reduce acute ankle injuries in basketball. A randomized clinical study at West Point.

This randomized clinical study was designed to prospectively determine the efficacy of a semirigid ankle stabilizer in reducing the frequency and severity of acute ankle injuries in basketball. Athletic shoe, playing surface, athlete-exposure, ankle injury history, and brace assignment were either statistically or experimentally controlled. Participants in the study were 1601 United States Military Academy cadets with no preparticipation, clinical, functional, or radiographic evidence of ankle instability. Subjects experienced a total of 13,430 athlete-exposures in the 1990 and 1991 intramural basketball seasons. Ankle injury was defined as acute trauma to the ankle ligaments that resulted in an athlete's inability to participate in basketball 1 day after the injury. Use of ankle stabilizers significantly reduced the frequency of ankle injuries. Reduction in ankle injuries, however, depended on the nature of injury (fewer contact injuries occurred among those who wore braces). Injury severity was not statistically reduced, and wearing the ankle stabilizer did not affect the frequency of knee injuries. Attitude toward ankle stabilizer use improved as use of the stabilizer increased.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical, functional, and radiographic assessments of the conventional and modified Boyd-Anderson surgical procedures for repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of the conventional and modified Boyd-Anderson procedures for repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures. Thirteen of 18 men who underwent surgical repair for unilateral distal biceps tendon ruptures at one university center participated in the study. In general, follow-up outcomes were favorable with respect to return to premorbid activity levels, patient satisfaction with surgical outcome, and overall clinical results. Elbow flexion, forearm supination, and upper extremity functional concentric peak torque and range of motion results were not significantly different between the surgical and nonsurgical arms when dominance was controlled as a confounding factor. Radiographic findings revealed no clinically remarkable signs of heterotopic ossification or proximal radioulnar synostosis. Results of the study reveal that the conventional and modified Boyd-Anderson procedures are clinically, functionally, and radiographically efficacious for repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Granular cell tumor of the thyroid gland in a girl receiving high-dose estrogen therapy.

We describe the first case of a granular cell tumor of the thyroid. The tumor appeared while a girl was receiving high-dose estrogen therapy for tall stature. The tumor, however, did not contain estrogen or progesterone receptors. Although granular cell tumors occur twice as commonly in women as in men, the results of this case study do not provide evidence that tumor growth is mediated by direct estrogen or progesterone stimulation.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrospective study on Escherichia coli infection in broilers subjected to postmortem examination and antibiotic resistance of isolates in Trinidad.

An 8-yr retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the rate of Escherichia coli infection and antibiotic resistance of isolates from diseased broilers submitted for diagnosis in Trinidad from 1990 to 1997. Of a total of 906 cases of diseased birds subjected to postmortem examination, 603 (66.6%) had E. coli infection. The number of cases increased over the years from 16 in 1990 to a peak of 294 in 1996. For every year, at least 50% of all broiler cases had E. coli infection. The rate of infection was significantly higher during the rainy season (74.1 +/- 6.9%) than during the dry season (57.8 +/- 7.0%). Approximately 50% of all E. coli isolates were resistant to 9 out of a total of 11 antimicrobial drugs selected for the study. The isolates showed an increasing trend of resistance to amoxicillin, apramycin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. However, only the trends of resistance to apramycin and norfloxacin were statistically significant. Overall, of the antimicrobial drugs selected, norfloxacin relatively appeared as the best choice for treatment. From this study, we conclude that the high rate of E. coli infection in broilers submitted for diagnosis along with the high resistance of isolates to antimicrobial drugs constitute a threat to the poultry industry on the island.

Animals↗