Breath sound terminology in the veterinary literature.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J Ryan
Publications and source records attributed to J Ryan.
Fatty tumours of the large intestine: a clinicopathological review of 13 cases.
Thirteen cases of benign fatty tumours of the colon have been reviewed. There were ten instances of submucosal lipoma, two of which were multiple, and three of lipohyperplasia of the ileocaecal valve. Abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding were the commonest symptoms. Barium enema and angiography were misleading, the former in confusing polypoid lipomas and protruberant ileocaecal valves with carcinoma, the latter in misinterpreting fatty tissue vasculature as angiodysplasia in three patients. Most lesions were in the right side of the colon, and many were treated by limited colectomy as if for carcinoma or angiodysplasia. No patient has died as a result of their disease. Awareness of the possibility of colonic lipomas and knowledge of the normal ileocaecal valve anatomy are of importance to radiologists and endoscopists, particularly now that angiography is localizing the smaller fatty lesions.
Adult↗
Interleukin-2 receptors in infectious mononucleosis.
The majority of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from acute-phase infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients express high levels of T10 (CD38) and HLA-DR surface antigens, which are markers characteristic of activated T cells. However, Tac antigen (p55) expression on these cells was not detectable by flow cytometric immunofluorescence, and only a low level of specific interleukin-2 (IL-2) binding was found by Scatchard analysis. These results suggest that IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) are lost or down-regulated on activated T cells in acute IM. Since a large proportion of T cells die during the first 24 h of in vitro culture in the absence of exogenous IL-2, the data implicate a physiological role for the observed low levels of IL-2R on T cells.
Humans↗
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the nasopharynx.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytomas (MFH) are uncommon in the head and neck and extremely rare in the nasopharynx. We report a case of MFH arising in the nasopharynx and describe its diagnosis and management. The literature is reviewed and the likely origins of the tumour and its behaviour are discussed.
Aged↗
The effects of enoximone on renal function in patients with congestive heart failure.
Enoximone is an investigational cardiotonic agent with positive inotropic and vasodilatory properties. In this protocol the effects of enoximone on parameters of renal function in patients (n = 14) with New York Heart Association class II or III congestive heart failure were determined after intravenous (IV) treatment (2 mg/kg) and after chronic oral administration (150 mg t.i.d.), either alone or with added furosemide (40 mg b.i.d.). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), filtration fraction, mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow (RBF), and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were determined each time. Plasma volume (PV) was determined at baseline and after oral enoximone and after oral enoximone plus furosemide. Significant reductions in GFR (18%) and ERPF (20%) were observed after IV treatment but not after oral treatment with or without furosemide. MAP also was lowered significantly by 14% after IV administration but not after oral treatments. PV after oral enoximone plus furosemide was reduced significantly (31%) compared with baseline. These results demonstrate that enoximone produces acute reductions in GFR and ERPF when given intravenously but has no effect on parameters of renal function when given orally, either alone or with furosemide.
Adult↗
The effect of slow-release nicardipine on ambulatory and clinic blood pressure in mild hypertension.
1. The antihypertensive efficacy of a long acting formulation of the calcium channel blocking drug, nicardipine, was assessed using clinic and ambulatory (Remler M2,000) blood pressure measurements. 2. Eleven patients with essential hypertension (mean +/- s.e. mean; 173 +/- 6.6/103 +/- 1.9 mmHg) completed a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. The dose of nicardipine used was 60 mg twice daily for 4 weeks. 3. Mean ambulatory blood pressure was reduced from 164 +/- 5.3/97 +/- 2.9 to 151 +/- 5.2/88 +/- 2.4 mmHg (P less than 0.01); this effect was shown to be sustained for 8 h after the morning dose. Mean ambulatory heart rate was not significantly affected by treatment. 4. Clinic lying systolic blood pressure was reduced on treatment from 169 +/- 7.1 to 157 +/- 5.9 mmHg (P less than 0.2) and diastolic blood pressure from 99 +/- 3.6 to 89 +/- 3.9 mmHg (P less than 0.05). 5. One patient was withdrawn because of dizziness and flushing while on nicardipine; vasodilatory side effects such as headache, palpitations and flushing on nicardipine were noted by three patients. 6. We conclude that the long acting formulation of nicardipine studied in a dose of 60 mg twice daily is effective as monotherapy and is relatively well tolerated in mild hypertension. 7. This study highlights the importance of ambulatory blood pressure measurement in detecting significant changes in blood pressure, thereby permitting the study of small numbers of patients.
Adult↗
Intra-epidermal neutrophilic IgA dermatosis with colitis.
We report the association of an intra-epidermal blistering disease of the skin with colitis. Both the skin and large bowel epithelium were infiltrated by neutrophils and eosinophils, and showed intra-epithelial deposition of IgA in an intercellular pattern. The colitis and the blisters responded well to treatment with dapsone.
Aged↗
Lymphocytopheresis for killer cell generation and in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: comparison of the COBE 2997 and the COBE Spectra.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Computers↗
CT of primary lymphoma of the liver.
Primary lymphoma of the liver is a rare disease. In each of six cases, a large, often poorly defined mass of low attenuation was present within the liver. Four lesions originated in the right lobe and two originated in the left lobe. Satellite nodules were seen at presentation in one case and developed after presentation in two others. Other features, such as enhancement after contrast administration, necrosis, and calcification, were variable. Three of six lesions had areas of very low density, suggestive of necrosis. One mass had calcifications. After IV contrast administration, no enhancement occurred in three tumors, patchy enhancement occurred in two, and an enhancing ring was seen in the remaining tumor. The radiologic presentation of primary lymphoma of the liver differs from that of secondary involvement of the liver in systemic lymphoma. Whereas secondary lymphoma is often diffusely infiltrative and difficult to detect on CT, the lesions of primary lymphoma of the liver are easily identified on CT scans even before the administration of IV contrast material. Although rare, primary lymphoma of the liver should be included in the differential diagnosis of a large, hypodense liver mass on CT.
Adult↗
Adult respiratory syndrome following autologous bone marrow transfusion.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation was performed in a 48-year-old man with relapsed high grade lymphoma. Two hours after the marrow infusion he developed pulmonary infiltrates and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aetiology of ARDS in this setting is uncertain but probably relates to pulmonary infection and endotoxaemia present at the time of marrow infusion. As the number of transplant procedures increases, particularly in patients with relapsed or resistant disease, this complication may become more common. In the infected patient in whom it is more likely to occur, prevention may be possible by giving anti-endotoxin antiserum prior to marrow infusion.
Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
Abused women: dispelling myths and encouraging intervention.
Our society abounds with myths and misperceptions in relation to the battering of women. These myths impede the identification of women who are experiencing violence and abuse, and inhibit appropriate intervention. Abuse is not too private a matter to assess for, nor does abuse affect only poor black or Hispanic women. No woman deserves to be beaten. Women do not like or seek out abuse. Abused women are courageous, competent women; what abused women have in common is that they are threatened and controlled by a male partner and live under the constant fear of violence and abuse. Raising one's consciousness about the victimization and oppression of women in our society, and uncovering the myths which leave practitioners powerless and ineffective agents of change for women are important tasks for health care providers. By focusing attention on this enormous health problem, clinicians can provide a leadership role in using health care responses that actually empower women to take control of their own lives.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Clinical studies of a vegetarian food diet mixture.
A vegetarian food mixture when incorporated into a commercially prepared diet can be used as a supplement or in a vegetarian protein-sparing modified fast. A modification of this diet was given to protein-energy deficient malnourished children in Ethiopia, and it reversed their biochemical defects. The soluble or gel-forming fiber in the mixture also gives the product a favorable glycemic index and reduces glycemic excursion as well as fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. This accounts for the improvements seen in glucose tolerance in type II diabetic patients. These results, however, were preceded by a study of the effects of the mixture in improving glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. A clinical study among New Orleans police officers also suggests that this mixture helps people, without much self-motivation, to lose weight.
Adult↗
Clinicians and HIV infections: social policies and professional issues.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a deadly infectious virus. Relatively hard to contract, it is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Nurses and other clinicians have an important role to play in influencing national and local management of the HIV infection through review and comment on policy. Policies recommending quarantine, isolation, mandatory testing of certain populations, and vigorous public education are explored. Quarantine, isolation of seropositive individuals, and mandatory testing of certain groups are explicated in the article as unethical, unmanageable or both. Some recommendations for vigorous, specific public education are made. The importance of the participation of health professionals in public policy debates is emphasized.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Metastasizing adenocarcinoma complicating acquired cystic disease of the kidney.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Macrophage procoagulant-inducing factor. In vivo properties and chemotactic activity for phagocytic cells.
Murine macrophage procoagulant-inducing factor (MPIF) is a lymphokine with chemical properties distinct from a number of well-characterized cytokines. MPIF induces procoagulant activity on the surface of macrophages and thus may play a central role in the expression of cell-mediated immunity. Highly enriched MPIF-alpha and -beta, separated by virtue of their basic isoelectric point and affinity for heparin, induced local induration and fibrin deposition and cellular infiltration similar to that observed in delayed type hypersensitivity reactions, when injected intradermally. Margination with of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) along the endothelium as well as increased PMN infiltration was evident after 4 h. In contrast to other inflammatory mediators (e.g., C5a, IL-1) reactivity was sustained, with greater numbers of mononuclear cells apparent 24 h after skin testing. Changes in the dermis were evident 4 h after MPIF injection with increased numbers of cells near areas where spaces in the collagen bundles had formed. Dermal thickening was evident after 24 h and collagen fiber structure was disrupted. Extravascular fibrinogen/fibrin was most prominent 24 h after testing. LPS, which induces macrophage procoagulant activity in vitro, did not induce the histopathologic changes evident with MPIF. MPIF was chemotactic for PMN and macrophages in vitro. Chemotactic activity was heat-labile and not due to C5a. Migration was dependent on a concentration gradient, as determined by checkerboard analysis, indicating that MPIF promoted chemotaxis rather than chemokinesis. Experiments reported here suggest that MPIF is an important mediator of fibrin deposition and cellular infiltration characteristic of cell-mediated immune response.
Animals↗
Cefoperazone versus ceftazidime monotherapy of nosocomial pneumonia.
Cefoperazone and ceftazidime monotherapy were compared in a randomized, prospective evaluation of patients with nosocomial pneumonia. These antibiotics were equally effective, with an overall successful treatment rate of 45 of 62 (73 percent) for cefoperazone-treated patients and 50 of 63 (79 percent) for ceftazidime-treated patients (p = 0.41). There was no difference in the incidence of side effects (including hypoprothrombinemia), superinfections, or colonization of the oropharynx with yeast, enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, or resistant gram-negative bacilli. When antibiotic administration, and laboratory costs are considered, cefoperazone is less expensive than ceftazidime. Both cefoperazone and ceftazidime are effective therapy for nosocomial pneumonia.
Bacteria↗
Primary lymphoma of the liver.
Nine adult white men ranging in age from 27 to 76 (mean, 55 years) were treated for primary hepatic lymphoma between 1972 and 1986 at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Six patients presented with right upper quadrant or epigastric pain or discomfort, and three patients complained of fatigue and lethargy. Fever and night sweats were evident in two, and two patients had lost weight. One patient was asymptomatic; the liver mass was detected during the work-up for cancer of the prostate. Seven patients on whom computerized tomography was performed all had solitary masses in the liver although in three of them tumor had extended into both lobes as noticed at surgery. One had additional porta hepatic lymph node metastasis. Eight patients underwent an exploratory laparotomy; four had hepatic resection, and four had wedge biopsies of unresectable liver tumor. One patient had a percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver. Eight patients received combination chemotherapy. Six patients are alive, five of whom are in initial complete remission. All three patients who died had persistent or recurrent disease in the liver. The results of therapy and surgery to date in these and in other cases in the literature are encouraging.
Adult↗
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral nizatidine.
Nizatidine was studied in six high-acid-secretor (basal secretion, greater than or equal to 5 mEq/hr) male volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, nonbalanced, cross-over, placebo and standard drug-controlled study. Doses of 75 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg bid were compared with placebo and cimetidine 300 mg qid. Nocturnal acid output was significantly reduced (P less than .01) by all doses of nizatidine (36 +/- 22, 36 +/- 31, and 26 +/- 20 mEq) with 75 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg, respectively, and also by cimetidine (43 +/- 39 mEq) as compared with placebo (101 +/- 61 mEq). Nizatidine also significantly reduced meal-stimulated acid secretion at breakfast (14 +/- 9, 9 +/- 7, and 5 +/- 6 mEq/2 hours with 75 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, respectively, P less than .01), at lunch (50 +/- 22, 57 +/- 22 and 50 +/- 35 mEq/2 hours, P less than .05) but did not have any effect at dinner (65 +/- 16, 78 +/- 24, and 71 +/- 17 mEq/2 hours) whereas cimetidine, given every 6 hours, significantly (P less than .01) reduced meal-stimulated acid secretion (25 +/- 16, 27 +/- 20 and 31 +/- 15 mEq/2 hours, breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively) as compared with placebo (81 +/- 30, 76 +/- 25, and 66 +/- 16 mEq/2 hours, breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively). Both drugs have a similar pharmacokinetic profile. Nizatidine seems to be a promising H2 antagonist, more potent than cimetidine (on an mg/mg basis), and efficacy studies on gastric acid disorders should be performed.
Administration, Oral↗