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Biomedical subjects

J Rutland

Publications and source records attributed to J Rutland.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Transitory ultrastructural abnormalities of cilia.

We report a patient with chronic respiratory tract disease and ultrastructural abnormalities of nasal cilia at first interpreted as being consistent with a primary ciliary defect. Subsequent sampling of nasal ciliated epithelium from the same area failed to reveal the defects of structure. Abnormalities of ciliary ultrastructure found on a single occasion, especially in the presence of acute inflammation, should be interpreted with caution.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Nasal mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency in cystic fibrosis compared with sinusitis and bronchiectasis.

Nasal ciliary function and mucociliary clearance were studied in patients with cystic fibrosis and in three control groups. Ciliary beat frequency and nasal clearance time were measured in groups of 10 subjects with cystic fibrosis, sinusitis and bronchiectasis and age and sex-matched control subjects. Ciliary beat frequency was also measured in normal subjects matched as bronchiectasis controls. Cystic fibrosis patients and their controls, patients with sinusitis, and the bronchiectasis controls did not differ in ciliary beat frequency, but it was slower in the patients with bronchiectasis (p less than 0.05). Nasal mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis was slower than in the cystic fibrosis controls (p less than 0.001) and in patients with sinusitis (p less than 0.01). The finding of a normal beat frequency in cystic fibrosis cilia studied in vitro together with abnormal nasal mucociliary clearance measured in vivo in the same patients suggests the existence of an abnormality of mucus in vivo. The innate function of cystic fibrosis cilia, as measured in vitro by beat frequency, is normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The maximum expiratory flow-volume curve with air and a low-density gas misture. An analysis of subject and observer variability.

The subject and intra- and inter-observer variability of three measurements derived from the maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve with air and helium-oxygen (HeO2) mixture was determined in ten normal subjects who produced curves in the morning and afternoon of three consecutive days and again on one day a month later. The measurements examined were the maximum flow at 50% vital capacity (V50), the percentage increases in V50 when breathing the He-O2 mixture (delta V50), and the volume at which the curves on air and He-O2 first meet or intersect (VisoV). The delta V50 and VisoV were shown to have a greater degree of variability than the V50 and, in the case of VisoV, this was contributed to significantly by the observer variability. The within-subject variability of the delta V50 and VisoV was so great that the usefulness of these tests in following changes in lung function of individual patients must be questioned.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Nasal brushing and measurement of ciliary beat frequency. An in vitro method for evaluating pharmacologic effects on human cilia.

Human respiratory tract epithelium suitable for measuring ciliary beat frequency (CBF) may be obtained by nasal brushing. We have used such ciliated epithelium in an in vitro preparation to study the effects on CBF of lidocaine hydrochloride administered topically in vivo before brushing or in vitro after brushing. Beat frequency measured after in vivo administration was unchanged compared to control values while incubating ciliated epithelium in vitro in increasing concentrations of lidocaine resulted in dose-related cilioinhibition. Drug concentrations required to depress ciliary activity in vitro were much higher than those occurring in clinical practice.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

Plasma and sputum erythromycin concentrations in chronic bronchitis.

Plasma and sputum concentrations of erythromycin were measured in 10 patients with chronic bronchitis during an eight-day course of a new formulation of erythromycin stearate. The plasma erythromycin levels compared favourably with the minimal inhibitory concentrations for common respiratory pathogens and indicated adequate gastrointestinal absorption when the drug was taken immediately before food. Sputum erythromycin levels were variable and in some patients low or undetectable. Measurable sputum erythromycin levels were approximately 10% of plasma levels with no evidence of accumulation and were of similar order of magnitude to the minimal inhibitory concentrations for common respiratory pathogens except Haemophilus influenzae. There was no correlation between sputum and plasma erythromycin levels. There was a trend for higher erythromycin levels in sputum containing increasing amounts of pus and also when plasma levels increased.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The influence of food on the bioavailability of new formulations of erythromycin stearate and base.

1. The effect of food on the bioavailability of two new formulations of erythromycin, 1) erythromycin stearate, 500 mg (Erythrocin, 250 mg capsule-shaped tablets) and 2) erythromycin base, 500 mg (Eryc, 250 mg capsules containing enteric-coated pellets) was studied in 16 healthy subjects. 2. The study was a balanced, randomized Latin square design and was conducted on 4 days. The four treatments were erythromycin stearate immediately before (EB) and after EA) breakfast and erythromycin base immediately before (eB) and after (eA) breakfast. 3. The mean +/- s.d. maximal plasma erythromycin concentrations were 2.09 +/- 1.06, 0.37 +/- 0.40, 1.8+ +/- 1.15 and 1.91 +/- 1.57 micrograms/ml and the mean +/- s.d. times at which these occurred were 1.3 +/- 0.7, 2.3 +/- 0.9, 4.4 +/- 1.9 and 4.3 +/- 1.1 h for EB, EA, eB and eA respectively. 4. The mean +/- s.d. areas under the curves (0 to 8 h) were 4.99 +/- 2.41, 1.04 +/- 1.57, 4.93 +/- 2.98 and 4.98 +/- 3.14 for EB, EA, eB and eA respectively. 5. The bioavailability of erythromycin stearate was significantly reduced by the prior administration of food, whereas the absorption of the base was not inhibited by food.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Plasma and saliva concentrations for a new formulation of erythromycin stearate.

Erythromycin saliva and plasma concentrations were determined in 10 subjects after the first and fourth doses of a new formulation of erythromycin stearate ('Erythrocin'), 500 mg 8-hourly, taken immediately before food. Consistent absorption occurred and the steady state plasma levels compared favourably with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin for common respiratory pathogens. There was a significant positive correlation between steady state saliva and plasma levels.

Administration, Oral↗