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Biomedical subjects

J Russell

Publications and source records attributed to J Russell.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Adsorption of inorganic and organic ions to polycarbophil as a means of sustained-release dosage formulation.

The adsorption and desorption of drugs and inorganic ions to and from polycarbophil (PC), a polymer, were investigated to determine if PC would be a suitable carrier for sustained-release dosage formulations. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments with a polycarbophil-atropine sulfate complex demonstrated the gradual-release properties of this system. Adsorbed Cr3+ ions, like atropine, are released slowly. In contrast, 51CrO4(2-) ions are predominantly bound in an irreversible manner. A third group of drugs minimally adsorbed to PC under the conditions studied. We conclude that PC under both in vitro and in vivo conditions is able to bind certain ions and drugs and then release them over a period of time in a predictable and repeatable manner.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1987

Bipolar affective disorder in adolescence: a 10-year study.

A descriptive study of bipolar affective disorder in adolescent patients, conducted over a 10-year period, is presented. The diagnosis of 30 subjects referred to an adolescent treatment facility of a major teaching hospital was reviewed using DSM-III criteria, and antecedent symptomatology and signs were documented. Common diagnostic features included schizophreniform phenomenology, motoric and vegetative changes, suicidal and inappropriate sexual behaviour and a stormy first year of illness. A positive family history was frequently noted, as was the relevance of various forms of loss as a precipitant of the first episode. Timely recognition and multidisciplinary management, including the use of lithium, are discussed. It appears that the prognosis of bipolar affective disorder in adolescence is better than was previously believed, probably as a result of earlier diagnosis and more frequent recognition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Herpes simplex virus genes involved in latency in vitro.

The properties of temperature-sensitive (ts), insertion or deletion mutants of herpes simplex virus (HSV) were investigated in an in vitro model system for latency. The studies defined virus gene products required for establishment of latency and for reactivation of latent virus. All mutants tested established latency in human foetal lung fibroblasts and could be reactivated by intertypic superinfection with HSV or with human cytomegalovirus. Two mutants of HSV type 1 used in these studies, tsK and in1411, failed to synthesize active immediate early (IE) polypeptide Vmw175 and were blocked at a very early stage of the virus replication cycle, showing that, at most, only limited gene expression is necessary for the establishment of latency. Mutant dl1403, which lacks the gene encoding IE polypeptide Vmw110, established latency as efficiently as wild-type HSV. Latent HSV type 2 was reactivated by superinfection with tsK or in1411 but not with dl1403, suggesting that polypeptide Vmw110, which is known to regulate gene expression by trans-activation, is required for reactivation in the in vitro system.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1987

Abnormal forms of the herpes simplex virus immediate early polypeptide Vmw175 induce the cellular stress response.

Induction of the major stress response in chick embryo fibroblasts, which follows infection at 38.5 degrees C with the herpes simplex virus mutant tsK, was investigated. Synthesis of cellular stress proteins occurred only when the mutant form of an immediate early polypeptide, Vmw175, was overproduced. Infection with mutant in 1411, which has an amber (TAG) termination signal inserted between codons 83 and 84 of the gene encoding Vmw175 and therefore specifies a truncated portion of the polypeptide, failed to stimulate stress protein synthesis. The results suggested that the presence of abnormal forms of Vmw175 at high concentrations was the signal for induction of the stress response in tsK-infected cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Creatinine clearance as a predictor of ultrafilterable platinum disposition in cancer patients treated with cisplatin: relationship between peak ultrafilterable platinum plasma levels and nephrotoxicity.

Ultrafilterable platinum (UP) disposition was studied in 22 cancer patients receiving their first course of cisplatin (50 to 140 mg/m2) by two-hour infusion. UP plasma and urinary platinum levels were quantitated using a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay, which was selective for cisplatin and active platinum metabolites. Creatinine clearance was determined in all patients at the time of the pharmacokinetic studies and ranged from 58 to 214 mL/min. Creatinine clearance was a poor predictor of UP disposition in patients, probably as a consequence of the complex renal clearance mechanism for UP in the human kidney, which involves both tubular secretion and reabsorption. However, the peak plasma level of UP was closely related to the area under curve (AUC) of UP (r2 = .831), P less than .0001) and was significantly correlated with the decline in creatinine clearance observed after four courses of cisplatin therapy to 12 of the patients (r2 = .727, P less than .005). Cisplatin dose and the AUC of UP were less satisfactory predictors of the change in creatinine clearance with four courses of therapy (r2 = .488, P less than .025 and r2 = .623, P less than .005). The large interpatient variability in all the parameters of cisplatin disposition measured in this study suggested that there may be a role for individualization of cisplatin dosage based on a peak level obtained in the first course of therapy. Longer term infusion of cisplatin could also be justified.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The need for aftercare services in a Canadian urban region: day-hospital patients' perspectives.

Day hospitals serve an important function in the rehabilitation of psychiatric patients. Community aftercare services are especially important to patients in this type of care. In order to determine the aftercare needs of day-hospital psychiatric patients in the Ottawa-Carleton region, a survey was conducted. A semistructured interview with a standardized questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers. Questions were asked regarding service use, problems encountered, and patient satisfaction. Information on housing, educational-vocational, financial, social-recreational, and medical services was gathered. The application of the study results to the planning of community psychiatric aftercare services for day-hospital patients is discussed.

Aftercare↗