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Biomedical subjects

J Roth

Publications and source records attributed to J Roth.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Intravascular pressure measurements and phlebography of the renal vein: a contribution to the etiology of varicocele].

Phlebography of the left renal vein was performed in 80 patients with left-sided varicocele demonstrating the nutcracker phenomenon. In 39 cases we could prove a compression of the left renal vein. In 10 varicocele patients additional intravascular pressure measurements were studied in both renal veins in the supine and erect position. We found no significant difference between the pressure in the left and right renal vein in the supine position: values varied with respiration. Changing from the supine to the erect position one can note a significantly elevated pressure, higher on the left side than on the right side due to the longer excursion of the left kidney. Urine investigations were done in 153 patients before and in 191 after sclerotherapy to detect protein or blood. Only in 4 patients we found proteinuria but no microhematuria. The results suggest that the aetiology of the varicocele formation is not the nutcracker phenomenon or renal vein hypertension; the predominant cause is a congenital incompetence of the valves in the left testicular vein. The driving force for the retrograde blood flow from the left renal vein into the testicular vein was the increase in pressure: in the supine position caused by respiration, the continuous reflux in the erect position caused by the hydrostatic pressure. The varicocele does not cause a congested kidney with hematuria and proteinuria.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Light and electron microscopic localization of glycoconjugates with gold-labeled reagents.

This paper gives an overview of the use of lectins, glycoproteins, monoclonal anti-carbohydrate antibodies, toxins, and glycosyl-transferases for the detection and localization of cellular glycoconjugates in sections from embedded tissues by light and electron microscopy. In all these techniques particles of colloidal gold were used as a marker. For light microscopic studies routine conditions of embedding such as paraffin or Epon embedding could be employed. For electron microscopic studies the low temperature embedding technique using Lowicryl K4M was found to be the method of choice for the localization of sugar residues in intracellular compartments, the extracellular matrix and the plasma membrane. The applications of the various techniques will be illustrated with data about subcellular sites of certain glycosylation steps as well as the detection of glycocalyx domain formation and cellular heterogeneity in glycoclayx composition.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Fasting and refeeding alter the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in chicken liver but fail to affect brain insulin receptors.

Insulin receptors from chicken liver and brain were studied following alterations in the nutritional state. Chickens were either fasted for 48 h, fasted for 48 h and then refed for 24 h, or fed a regular diet ad libitum. 125I-Porcine insulin binding was significantly elevated in liver membranes from the fasted animals and lowered in refed chickens when compared to preparations from ad libitum fed chickens. These changes in 125I-insulin binding were inversely related to the levels of plasma insulin and since receptor affinities for insulin were similar in each group, they probably represent alterations in receptor number. Apparent Mr of alpha subunits of the insulin receptors was unaffected by alterations in the nutritional states. The presence of ATPase-like activities that co-eluted with liver insulin receptors from wheat germ agglutinin lectin columns but not from pea lectin columns necessitated the use of both pea and wheat germ agglutinin for liver insulin receptor purification. The insulin receptors purified from both lectin columns were recognized by anti-insulin receptor antiserum and had similar affinities for insulin which were unaltered by the nutritional state. Insulin-stimulatable autophosphorylation of the beta subunit of the insulin receptor was lower in livers from fasted chickens and intermediate in refed chickens. Furthermore, basal and insulin-induced phosphorylation of the artificial substrate poly(Glu,Tyr) 4:1 was significantly less in the fasting state and intermediate in the refed state compared to the ad libitum fed state. Insulin sensitivity (measured as the dose of insulin required for 50% maximal stimulation of kinase activity) was similar in all three states suggesting that the differences in insulin-induced phosphorylation are due to a change in maximal stimulation and not a change in insulin sensitivity. In contrast to the alterations seen with liver receptors, brain insulin receptors were unaffected by these alterations in nutritional state. These findings suggest that: liver insulin receptors are affected by altering the nutritional state; insulin binding to liver membranes is inversely related to plasma insulin levels; and tyrosine kinase is decreased both in fasted and refed animals suggesting an uncoupling of the normal interaction between alpha subunit and beta subunit in liver insulin receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Adverse effects of total body irradiation for bone marrow transplantation: prevention and therapy. Experience at Basel, July 1979-March 1986].

Acute toxicity, delayed complications and the incidence of interstitial pneumonitis (IP) after total body irradiation (TBI) are reviewed. Between July 1979 and March 1986 118 patients with hematological malignancies underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT): all were conditioned with cyclophosphamide and TBI. 106 patients received single dose irradiation (18 with lung-shielding) and 12 had fractionated TBI. Except for mucositis all other symptoms of acute toxicity such as fever, vomiting, parotitis, headache and abdominal pain were usually of short duration. Fractionated TBI did not produce less acute side effects than single dose irradiation. Irradiation, and particularly the maximum lung dose, plays an important role in the multifactorial pathogenesis of IP. Delayed complications may appear several months or years after TBI. The majority of men suffer definitive sterility caused by azoospermia. In women primary ovarian failure and permanent sterility is a common sequela of BMT with TBI. The risk of developing cataracts after single dose TBI is about 80%, and surgical repair was necessary in 43% of these cases. Secondary tumors after TBI have been reported. So far we have observed no secondary malignancies in our patients after BMT. Rampant dental decay can be avoided by careful dental prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Differential subcompartmentation of terminal glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus of intestinal absorptive and goblet cells.

Two terminal glycosyltransferases, a sialyltransferase and the blood group A alpha 1,3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, were found to exhibit differential subcompartmentation in the Golgi apparatus of intestinal goblet and absorptive cells. As expected from their role in terminal glycosylation, the two glycosyltransferases and their products, sialic acid residues and blood group A substance, were localized in the trans cisternae of the Golgi apparatus of goblet cells. In contrast, however, they were found throughout the Golgi apparatus stack of adjacent absorptive cells, with the exception of the fenestrated first cis cisterna. The results are in contrast to the general view that enzymes in the glycosylation pathway are arranged in a cis to trans gradient across the Golgi apparatus and that such polarized distributions may instead be cell type-specific.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Diagnostic value of early and delayed 201Tl thyroid scintigraphy in the evaluation of cold nodules for malignancy.

We performed 201Tl thyroid scintigraphy using an early and delayed scanning technique in 34 patients exhibiting cold nodules on 99mTc scans. Of the 29 benign nodules, 27 were correctly diagnosed as being negative, i.e. 93% specificity. However, two of five malignant nodules failed to concentrate activity on both the early and delayed scans. The low sensitivity (60%) of this method for detecting carcinomas limits its clinical value in the routine diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected thyroid cancer. Our findings are in contrast to previous more optimistic reports.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The influence of plasma insulin concentrations on tissue insulin levels in rodents: a study of the diabetic Chinese hamster and the ob/ob mouse.

Immunoreactive insulin was measured in acid-ethanol extracts of kidney, brain, liver, and heart from genetically diabetic Chinese hamsters and their nondiabetic controls and from obese (ob/ob) mice and their thin littermates. Selected samples were filtered on Sephadex G-50 columns and the insulin concentration determined. There was a good correlation between the insulin level measured in the acid-ethanol extracts of tissues and the insulin level after gel filtration, suggesting that the concentration measured in the whole extract is representative of the true insulin content. The present data demonstrate that different extrapancreatic organs contain characteristic amounts of insulin that are often (sometimes several-fold) higher than the insulin level of plasma. The tissue insulin concentrations also exhibit a wide range of values, with occasional high values. The data also show a direct correlation between plasma and kidney insulins but no relationship between plasma and brain insulins and a mixed correlation among plasma and liver and heart insulins.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Autoradiographic localization of insulin receptors in rat brain: prominence in olfactory and limbic areas.

The binding of 125I-labeled insulin in thin sections of frozen fresh rat brain (95% specific binding) was shown using autoradiography. By several criteria including structure-activity relationship analysis, the brain insulin receptors were qualitatively indistinguishable from insulin receptors previously characterized on brain and other more typical target tissues and distinct from receptors for the insulin-like growth factors. The 125I-labeled insulin binding sites in brain formed a distinct pattern with high levels of binding in all olfactory areas and in closely related limbic regions. Binding was also prominent in the neocortex and the accessory motor areas of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. Among ancillary brain structures only the choroid plexus demonstrated a high density of insulin receptors. When insulin receptors were located on cortical or laminated structures, the highest binding occurred in the superficial ("molecular" or "plexiform") layer, i.e. the layer which receives afferent input and/or is rich in the dendritic branches of principal neurons (e.g. external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb and the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus). The enrichment of insulin receptors in the olfactory and limbic systems, which is a characteristic feature of other known neuropeptides, in addition to their prevalence in the strata occupied by the dendritic fields of principle neurons, suggests a neuromodulatory function for insulin in the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Resection of a vipoma of the pancreas in a 15-year-old girl.

A 15-year-old girl had massive watery and protein-losing diarrhea. She was found to have a pancreatic islet cell tumor secreting high levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Eighty-five percent pancreatic resection was needed to remove the tumor. She has normal serum VIP levels and no tumor recurrence 6 years later.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1986

Specific integral dose: a reconsideration of the integral dose concept.

The integral dose represents the total energy deposited by ionizing radiation within a body. Its distribution within normal tissues can be quite variable, depending upon beam energy and radiation technique. A close look at the concept of integral dose in its various forms should be helpful in quantifying the radiation burden borne by healthy tissues outside of the target volume. The integral dose, integral target dose and relative integral target dose will be reviewed, and the concept of specific integral dose will be introduced, using as examples the external irradiation of the urinary bladder employing various energies and techniques, as well as the intracavitary therapy of gynecological cancer using an afterloading apparatus.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1986

Extracts of protozoa contain materials that react specifically in the immunoassay for guinea pig insulin.

Extracts of protozoa contain materials that resemble guinea pig insulin, which is noted for its unusual structure and properties. The protozoan derived materials react in the radioimmunoassay for guinea pig insulin; some but not all of these immunoreactive materials migrate on gel filtration in the position of authentic guinea pig insulin. Experiments were done to exclude artifacts in the assay as well as inadvertent contamination by guinea pig insulin. By immunological methods, we segregated the guinea pig type immunoactivity from that which has rat/pork type immunoactivity. These findings extend our studies of extracts of guinea pig tissues which also have these two types of insulin immunoactivities.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

In situ hybridization at the electron microscope level: localization of transcripts on ultrathin sections of Lowicryl K4M-embedded tissue using biotinylated probes and protein A-gold complexes.

A technique has been developed for localizing hybrids formed in situ on semi-thin and ultrathin sections of Lowicryl K4M-embedded tissue. Biotinylated dUTP (Bio-11-dUTP and/or Bio-16-dUTP) was incorporated into mitochondrial rDNA and small nuclear U1 probes by nick-translation. The probes were hybridized to sections of Drosophila ovaries and subsequently detected with an anti-biotin antibody and protein A-gold complex. On semi-thin sections, probe detection was achieved by amplification steps with anti-protein A antibody and protein A-gold with subsequent silver enhancement. At the electron microscope level, specific labeling was obtained over structures known to be the site of expression of the appropriate genes (i.e., either over mitochondria or over nuclei). The labeling pattern at the light microscope level (semi-thin sections) was consistent with that obtained at the electron microscope level. The described nonradioactive procedures for hybrid detection on Lowicryl K4M-embedded tissue sections offer several advantages: rapid signal detection: superior morphological preservation and spatial resolution; and signal-to-noise ratios equivalent to radiolabeling.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunolocalization of the oligosaccharide trimming enzyme glucosidase II.

We used immunoelectron microscopy to localize glucosidase II in pig hepatocytes. The enzyme trims the two inner alpha 1,3-linked glucoses from N-linked oligosaccharide precursor chains of glycoproteins. Immunoreactive enzyme was concentrated in rough (RER) and smooth (SER) endoplasmic reticulum but not detectable in Golgi apparatus cisternae. Transitional elements of RER and smooth membraned structures close to Golgi apparatus cisternae contained labeling for glucosidase II. Specific labeling was also found in autophagosomes. These results indicate strongly that glucosidase II acts on glycoproteins before their transport to, and processing in Golgi apparatus cisternae, and suggest that an important transitional region for glucosidase II exists between RER and Golgi apparatus cisternae. Degradation in autophagolysosomes could form a normal catabolic pathway for glucosidase II.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Post-embedding cytochemistry with gold-labelled reagents: a review.

The detection of antigens and glycoconjugates with the protein A-gold and the lectin-gold techniques, respectively, is reviewed. Special attention is directed to the necessary conditions for fixation and embedding as well as to the staining procedures of tissue sections for light and electron microscopy.

Animals↗