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Biomedical subjects

J Rosenbaum

Publications and source records attributed to J Rosenbaum.

115 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcome definitions and predictors in depression.

BACKGROUND: The definition of outcome in antidepressant treatment studies may be a crucial factor influencing the relationship between possible treatment variables and treatment response. We therefore wanted to investigate possible relationships between baseline severity of depression and anxiety, and different definitions of outcome among outpatients with major depressive disorder undergoing antidepressant treatment. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-eight patients diagnosed with major depression with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Diagnosis - Patient Edition were treated with fluoxetine 20 mg/day for 8 weeks. Patients were evaluated both pretreatment and posttreatment with the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D-17), the Clinical Global Impressions Scales for Severity (CGI-S) and Improvement (CGI-I). We chose four continuous definitions of response using a linear regression method to analyze the relationship to baseline anxiety and depression. We used a logistic regression analysis for the relationship between seven categorical definitions of response and baseline severity of depression and anxiety. RESULTS: Greater endpoint severity was significantly positively related to greater baseline severity of depression and anxiety. Lesser baseline severity of depression or anxiety predicted a greater degree of response on either the endpoint CGI-I score (with lower scores indicating greater improvement) or the percent change in HAM-D-17 score (with higher percent change indicating greater improvement). For all seven categorical definitions of response, lower baseline scores were significantly related to the probability of being a responder. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the impression that how outcome is defined affects the strength and direction of observed relationships with predictive variables. Methodological implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of pinocytosis and the production of prostaglandin E2 by hepatic and peritoneal resident macrophages in mice].

Pinocytosis and prostaglandin E2 production are two major functions of the mononuclear phagocyte system. The goal of this study was to compare the pinocytosis of horseradish peroxidase and the prostaglandin E2 production between the hepatic and peritoneal resident macrophages in the mouse. Hepatic resident macrophages were isolated by collagenase digestion, differential centrifugation and adherence. Peritoneal resident macrophages were isolated by peritoneal cavity washing followed by adherence. Horseradish peroxidase was endocytosed by hepatic macrophages at a significantly higher rate (118 +/- 12 ng/10(6) cells/60 min) than by peritoneal macrophages (21 +/- 4 ng/10(6) cells/60 min). Prostaglandin E2 production was measured in the culture medium of unstimulated and lymphokine-stimulated hepatic and peritoneal resident macrophages. Prostaglandin E2 concentration in the culture medium of unstimulated peritoneal macrophages was 36.6 +/- 26.8 ng/ml after a 24 h incubation. It was increased by 83 p. 100 in presence of a lymphokine-enriched secondary mixed lymphocyte culture supernatant. In contrast, hepatic macrophages did not produce any significant amount of prostaglandin E2, even if they were incubated in presence of lymphokines. This study shows that hepatic resident macrophages have a higher pinocytic capacity than peritoneal resident macrophages, suggesting that the role of the liver in the clearance of gut-derived antigens is not only due to its portal irrigation but also to the presence of macrophages highly differentiated in their endocytotic properties. The lack of prostaglandin E2 production in hepatic macrophages, in basal conditions as well as after lymphokine-stimulation, suggests that these cells play a minor role in the regulation of the immune response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
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Reiter's syndrome following epidemic shigellosis.

To define the epidemiology of post-dysenteric Reiter's syndrome (RS), 1,162 persons were questioned about compatible symptoms soon after 3 separate outbreaks of shigellosis. We diagnosed RS for 3 women of 204 persons ill during an outbreak of Shigella flexneri 1b, for 3 women of 206 ill during an outbreak of S. flexneri 2a, and for none of 85 ill during an outbreak of S. sonnei. We found no RS among 667 persons without diarrhea. Prospective controlled investigations in defined populations documented that RS follows S. flexneri 1b as well as 2a infections in about 1.5% of white adults with dysentery and indicated that women develop post-dysenteric RS as often as men.

Adolescent↗
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Amniotic fluid surfactant-albumin ratio as a screening test for fetal lung maturity. Two years of clinical experience.

An automated amniotic fluid surfactant-albumin ratio (SAR) test was performed as a screening test for pregnancies requiring fetal pulmonary maturity testing. Of the 178 neonates delivered within 3 days of the testing, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) developed in 21 (11.8%) and transient tachypnea of the newborn infant (TTN) in 11 (6.1%). A positive test was defined as one which predicted RDS or TTN. Sensitivity was interpreted as the proportion of neonates with RDS or TTN detected by SAR less than 70 mg/gm. Sensitivity was 90.7% with a specificity of 76.1%. The positive predictive value was 45.3%; the negative predictive value 97.4%. The interassay coefficient of variability was 3.5%. The SAR test has proven to be a rapid, precise laboratory tool. Our combined testing protocol uses the SAR as an initial screening test with the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio used as backup if the SAR did not predict maturity (SAR < 70 mg/gm). This protocol has markedly lowered the use of lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios while maintaining necessary clinical accuracy.

Albumins↗