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Biomedical subjects

J Rosado

Publications and source records attributed to J Rosado.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A comparison of Hispanic and African-American sexually abused girls and their families.

OBJECTIVE: To study the differential effects of sexual abuse on Hispanic (HN) and African-American (AA) girls. METHOD: Sexually abused girls and their caretakers (N = 159), of which 52% (n = 82) were AA (mean age 9.8 years, SD = 3.4, R = 6-17) and 48% (n = 77) were HN (mean age 10.1 years, SD = 3.8, R = 6-18), were included in the study. The mother/caretaker was administered a demographic form, the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Family Assessment Measure (FAM-P). The child completed the FAM-C and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). The clinician completed the Parental Reaction to Incest Disclosure Scale (PRIDS). RESULTS: HN girls were found to have a greater number of sexually abusive episodes and waited longer to disclose their abuse while AA girls were more likely to have experienced vaginal penetration. The perpetrators of HN girls were older and more likely to be fathers or stepfathers. The mothers/ caretakers of HN girls perceived their children as having significantly more aggressive behavior, anxiety/depression, somatic complaints, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and had a higher total score on the CBCL than did AA girls. The HN girls were more likely to see their family as dysfunctional with confusion regarding family values and rules. HN mothers/caretakers perceived their families as more conflicted regarding adaptability and family controls. CONCLUSIONS: HN girls experienced more emotional and behavioral problems, and both HN girls and their mothers/caretakers perceived their families as more disturbed and dysfunctional.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Child on child sexual abuse: psychological perspectives.

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the emotional and behavioral responses of children who have been sexually victimized by juveniles (CC) 17 years of age and younger compared to child victims of adults (CA) 18 years of age and older. METHOD: A total sample of N = 194 children and adolescents participated in the study, with 26% (n = 51) comprising CC and 74% (n = 143) encompassing CA. The mother/caretaker was administered a demographic form, Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Family Assessment Measure (FAM-P). The child was given the Family Assessment Measure (FAM-C) and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). The clinician completed the Parental Reaction to Incest Disclosure Scale (PRIDS). RESULTS: No differences were found between the two groups for the type of sexual abuse, penetration, or the use of force. CC were younger and more likely to be males who were abused in a school setting, home, or a relative's home by a sibling or a non-related male. CC endorsed clinically significant sexual preoccupations and manifested borderline clinically significant symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: Children victimized by other children manifested elevated levels of emotional and behavioral problems and were not significantly different from those who had been sexually abused by adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Antibodies against Trichinella spiralis in the rural population of the Province of Cordillera, Bolivia].

A seroepidemiological study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Trichinella spiralis among rural residents of Cordillera province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 234 serum samples were examined, and antibodies were detected in seven of the samples (3%). The results document for the first time the presence of human infestation with Trichinella in Bolivia and suggest the need to strengthen trichinelosis surveillance in the municipal slaughterhouses, to prevent the clandestine slaughter of animals, and particularly to ensure that residents and meat producers in the area become aware of the dangers of this zoonosis.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1999

Nutrition of Honduran mothers/caretakers.

In 1996, the Honduran Ministry of Health conducted a national micronutrient survey of children 12-71 months old, which also included an assessment of the nutrition status of their mothers/caretakers. The 1,126 mothers/caretakers who participated in the survey tended to be short and plump. About 15% of them were at obstetric risk by virtue of their short stature and/or low body weight. About 9% had chronic energy deficiency (CED), but 27% were at least 20% overweight. CED was associated with socioeconomic indicators of poverty. Risk factors for being at least 20% overweight included being over 30 years old, not breast-feeding, having attended no higher than grade 4, 5, or 6 of primary school, coming from a wealthier household, and living in San Pedro Sula or medium-sized cities. Among the women surveyed, 26% of nonpregnant and 32% of pregnant mothers/caretakers were anemic. The likely principal cause of anemia was the low intake of bioavailable iron from food and, in some cases, excessive iron loss associated with intestinal parasites, especially hookworm. Only 50% of the mothers/caretakers participating in this study had received iron during their last pregnancy, and just 13% had received postpartum vitamin A. The results highlight the need to develop and implement an effective program to control iron deficiency anemia in women of reproductive age, including by fortifying such widely consumed foods as processed wheat and maize flour and by routinely administering iron supplements to high-risk groups. Postpartum vitamin A supplementation should be encouraged to protect both the mother and newborn infant against vitamin A deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Vitamin A deficiency and anemia among children 12-71 months old in Honduras.

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) have been recognized as public health problems in Honduras for over 30 years. This paper, based on the 1996 National Micronutrient Survey on 1678 children 12-71 months of age, presents the results for vitamin A status and anemia prevalence, as well as the level of vitamin A in sugar at the household level. The results showed that 14% of the children were subclinically vitamin A deficient (plasma retinol < 20 micrograms/dL) and 32% were at risk of VAD (plasma retinol 20-30 micrograms/dL). These data indicate that VAD is a moderate public health problem in Honduras. Logistic regression analysis showed that children 12-23 months old living in areas other than the rural south of the country were at greatest risk of subclinical VAD. Infection, indicated by an elevated alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein level, increased the risk of subclinical VAD more than three-fold. Children from households that obtained water from a river, stream, or lake were at twice the risk of subclinical VAD compared with other children. That same doubled risk was found for children from a household with an outside toilet. VAD can be controlled by fortifying sugar. Retinol levels in sugar at the household level were about 50% of those mandated by Honduran law. There appears to be significant leakage of unfortified sugar into the market. This is particularly true in the rural north, where 33% of samples contained no retinol. Overall, 30% of children were anemic (Hb < 11 g/dL). Logistic regression analysis showed that children whose fathers lived with them but who had not attended at least grade 4 of primary school were at 33% greater risk of being anemic. Infection and being underweight increased the risk of being anemic by 51% and 21%, respectively. Many of the anemic children had not been given iron supplements, suggesting health care providers may not be aware that anemia is widespread among young children and/or know how to diagnose it.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Undernutrition among Honduran children 12-71 months old.

In 1996, the Ministry of Health of Honduras conducted a national micronutrient survey that included anthropometric measurements to determine the nutrition status of children 12-71 months old. Among the 1,744 children who participated, 38% of them were stunted, including 14% who were severely stunted; 24% were underweight, of which 4% were severely underweight; and 1% were wasted, of which 0.1% were severely wasted. The country can be divided into three groupings based on the level of stunting and underweight: 1) lowest prevalence: Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, and medium cities; 2) medium prevalence: other urban areas, the rural north, and the rural south; and 3) highest prevalence: the rural west. Using logistic regression analysis, the important determinants of stunting were found to be: mother/caretaker's and father's schooling, source of water, the dominion (geographic location and strata) in which the child lived, and the "possession score" for ownership of such items as a radio, television, refrigerator, stereo system, and electric iron. The predictors for underweight were micronutrient status, diarrhea, maternal/caretaker's schooling, type of toilet, and possession score. Historical data indicate that the national prevalence of chronic undernutrition has changed little over the last 10 years despite the number of national food and nutrition plans implemented and the significant improvements in health services. It is possible that these positive interventions have been offset by the slow progress in economic development. Future nutrition interventions should take into account household-level perceived needs and priorities in order to set realistic nutrition targets.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Can trasmitral Doppler E-waves differentiate hypertensive hearts from normal?

Physiological models of transmitral flow predict E-wave contour alteration in response to variation of model parameters (stiffness, relaxation, mass) reflecting the physiology of hypertension. Accordingly, analysis of only the E-wave (rather than the E-to-A ratio) should be able to differentiate between hypertensive subjects and control subjects. Conventional versus model-based image processing methods have never been compared in their ability to differentiate E-waves of hypertensive subjects with respect to age-matched control subjects. Digitally acquired transmitral Doppler flow images were analyzed by an automated model-based image processing method. Model-derived indexes were compared with conventional E-wave indexes in 22 subjects: 11 with hypertension and echocardiographically verified ventricular hypertrophy and 11 age-matched nonhypertensive control subjects. Conventional E-wave indexes included peak E, E, and acceleration and deceleration times. Model-based image processing-derived indexes included acceleration and deceleration times, potential energy index, and damping and kinematic constants. Intergroup comparison yielded lower probability values for model-based compared with conventional indexes. In the subjects studied, Doppler E-wave images analyzed by this automated method (which eliminates the need for hand-digitizing contours or the manual placement of cursors) demonstrate diastolic function alteration secondary to hypertension made discernible by model-based indexes. The method uses the entire E-wave contour, quantitatively differentiates between hypertensive subjects and control subjects, and has potential for automated noninvasive diastolic function evaluation in large patient populations, such as hypertension and other transmitral flow velocity-altering pathophysiological states.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Emphysematous pyelonephritis].

A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis to E. coli, in a 63-year-old female diabetic patient is presented herein. Imaging techniques (plain abdomen X-Ray, ultra-sonography and computed tomography) allowed the authors to make the diagnosis. Percutaneous nephrostomy, combined with medical therapeutics, contributed to a favourable clinical evolution of the patient.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural studies of dorsal root axons regenerating through adult frog optic and sciatic nerves.

Optic nerves of adult fish and amphibia can successfully regenerate, in part because their glial cells, unlike those of mammals, provide an environment permissive to regrowth. We altered the environment of regenerating dorsal root axons in the frog, Rana pipiens, by grafting segments of optic nerve to test the permissiveness of CNS glial cells to other sensory neurons. We compared these preparations to grafts of segments of sciatic nerve. After allowing various times for survival, light and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the grafts. An agglomeration of astrocytes, tightly joined by desmosomes, initially formed in the center of the optic nerve grafts. Around this grew regenerating dorsal root axons, accompanied by Schwann cells. At early stages, some axons formed dilated terminal structures, which were not seen in peripheral nerve grafts. The appearance of blood vessels within the graft and the dispersion of cells allowed larger numbers of axons to grow through the graft. By eight weeks, 48% of dorsal root sensory axons had grown through optic nerve grafts, compared to 84% for sciatic nerve. These results suggest that astrocytes from optic nerve are not inhibitory to, and provide a suitable substrate for, regrowing sensory neurons.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lifetime prevalence of Bell's palsy in rural Bolivia: a door-to-door survey.

We carried out a door-to-door survey in rural areas of the Cordillera Province, Bolivia, to determine the prevalence of the most common neurological diseases in a sample of about 10,000 inhabitants. A team of non-doctor health workers administered a standard screening instrument for neurological diseases, a slightly modified version of the World Health Organization protocol. All subjects found positive at the screening phase underwent a complete neurological examination. On screening, we found 1,130 positive subjects, of whom 909 were aged 15 years and above. After the neurological examination, we found 52 cases who had experienced Bell's palsy during their life in the population aged 15 years and above. The lifetime prevalence on November 1, 1994 was 11.1/1,000 (95% confidence interval 7.8-14.5) for the population aged 15 years and above. The prevalence was higher in women than in men (13.7 and 8.7/1,000, respectively) and increased with age, reaching a peak in the group aged 65 years or more (31.7/1,000). Only 3 cases (5.8%) had received medical therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electrophysiologic effect of intravenous propafenone in supraventricular tachycardia].

The electrophysiologic effects of intravenous propafenone were studied in twenty six patients with supraventricular tachycardias. Ten patients (38%) with intranodal reentrance tachycardia common type, and sixteen patients (62%) atrioventricular orthodromic reentrance tachycardia. Propafenone (2 mg/kg intravenously) given over ten minutes period caused termination of the intranodal reentrance tachycardia in 60% of the cases and 50% to the patients with atrioventricular reentrance tachycardia. The antiarrhythmic effects observed are related to the slowing of the conduction velocity and to the prolongation of the refractoriness in the AV node and accessory pathways preventing the reentrance mechanism. The reinduction of the tachycardia was possible in 46% of the patients. This effects was more significative in the group with accessory pathways (50%), and 40% of the patients with intranodal reentrance. The supraventricular tachycardia was inducible by programmed electrical stimulation in 46% of the patients. None of the patients developed side effects to the administration of the propafenone.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Exercise test in patients with permanent pacemakers].

From June 1988 to June 1990 we studied fifty patients who had implantation of a pacemaker. (31 females and 19 males). All of them underwent stress test with Bruce's protocol. Patients were divided in two groups; pacemaker-independent (PI) and pacemaker-dependent (PD). Over 50% of the patients inhibited the pacemaker with their own rhythm, most of them had sinus dysfunction. Complete A-V block was predominant in PD. The group of PI achieved more mets and had more oxygen consumption. Blood pressure response was similar in both groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Positive exercise test in hypertensive patients correlated with coronary angiography].

With the purpose of evaluate the state of the coronary arteries in hypertensive patients with positive exercise test, 82 patients were selected, 50 male and 32 female with mean age of 56.9 +/- 13.2 years. Angiography was normal in 25 patients thirteen patients had a single coronary arteries narrow of less than 50% and 44 cases with significant coronary arteries lesions of more than 50%. The parameters obtained in the exercise test are not significant for statistic purposes. Systolic hypertension or flat response was more frequent in the group with advanced coronary lesions with a predicted positive value in coronary obstructions of 66 and 75%. We conclude that 70% of hypertensive patients have obstructive coronary lesions of some degree.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Disorders of the rhythm and conduction in patients operated on for a total correction of tetralogy of Fallot].

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the incidence of arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in 81 patients after total surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The study was done at the National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez" from 1974 to 1989. Sixty five patients (78.9%) developed a pattern of right bundle block and ten patients (12.3%) had additional left anterior hemiblock following surgery. Two patients had complete heart block so pacemaker was implanted. The incidence of serious ventricular arrhythmias was found in 11 patients often polymorphic ventricular premature complexes. One case sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Electrophysiological study demonstrated that it source was the scar of the right ventricle outflow tract. This tachycardia is now under control with specific antiarrhythmic therapy.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electrofulguration of refractory supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardias. (Experiences of the "Ignacio Cháves" National Institute of Cardiology].

The purpose of this paper is to report our experience with endocardial catheter ablation in the recurrent episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in ten patients. All cases were referred because previous drug trials had failed to control arrhythmia. In four patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome, the ablation was used in the accessory pathway, in five patients in the his bundle region, and one patient in the AV perinodal region. The follow-up ranges from 4 to 15 months. We had a complete success rate of 40% and a partial success in other 40%. We did not have any complications during the procedures.

Adolescent↗