Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to J Rogers.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of Huntington's disease.

We studied 10 patients with early Huntington's disease and 7 normal age-matched controls with positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorodeoxyglucose. Subjects had little or no caudate nucleus atrophy and had not received any medications. The results demonstrated that hypometabolism of glucose preceded tissue loss. Furthermore, patients with minimal neurologic or psychiatric symptoms and no obvious CT changes may be differentiated from normal persons with high accuracy by PET. PET is helpful in the early diagnosis of Huntington's disease irrespective of the mode of presentation. PET may also be useful for preclinical detection and may supplement information from DNA studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A model for planning interagency coordination.

This paper discusses key issues with regard to planning interagency coordination of services for the mentally disabled. Basic questions which planners should address are: What is coordination? What functions are to be coordinated? What are the costs and benefits? What is the target population of clients and services? What type of structure is required and how should it be implemented? A continuum is constructed, along which various coordination structures are placed according to the degree of control exerted upon participating organizations. Requirements for successful coordination include skilled staff with positive attitudes; carefully developed procedures; good information systems; adequate funding; and facilitative policy that provides a clear mandate and direction.

Interinstitutional Relations↗
PubMed1986

Location of the instantaneous center of joint rotation in the normal canine stifle.

Locations of 3 instantaneous centers of joint rotation (ICR) were found in the stifles of 6 healthy dogs. A novel algorithm, verified by computer simulation, was used to determine ICR from radiographs. Comparisons of ICR locations were made between flexion and extension, between left and right limbs, and between living and dead dogs, using analysis of variance. All stifles were examined for evidence of lesions, but all were normal. The normal location of the ICR in the stifle is near the joint surface, indicating that there is a predominantly rolling type of motion. As the limb flexes, the ICR moves caudally; as the limb extends, the ICR moves cranially. Significant differences in ICR position were not found between left and right limbs or between living and dead dogs. The average ICR position was significantly more caudal during extension than it was during flexion. Knowing the normal ICR position is a preliminary to diagnosing joint abnormalities, using the ICR.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of tryptophan derivatives on the phase properties of bilayers.

Binding of several tryptophan derivatives and tryptophan-containing peptides to bilayers is examined by monitoring fluorescence enhancement as a function of lipid concentration. The thermodynamic and spectral parameters of the solutes in the bilayers of vesicles and liposomes do not exhibit any anomalous dependence upon the gel or the liquid-crystalline phase state of the bilayer. Effects of these solutes on the phase-transition profiles of the bilayers of liposomes and vesicles are examined, and the lowering of the phase-transition temperature is correlated with the mole fraction of the solute in the bilayer. The partition coefficients do not change at the main phase-transition temperature. These observations contradict the thermodynamic explanation of the solute-induced lowering of the phase-transition temperature which is based on the Van't Hoff relationship for distribution of the solute in the two coexisting phases at the phase-transition temperature. It is postulated that solute molecules bound to defect sites in bilayers modulate the phase properties of bilayers. These defect sites are induced in the gel phase of bilayers of liposomes above the subtransition temperature.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Senescent change in tissue weight and immunoreactive beta-endorphin, enkephalin, and vasopressin in eight regions of C57BL/6J mouse brain and pituitary.

Tissue weights and immunoreactive (IR) content and concentration of beta-endorphin, enkephalin, and vasopressin were assayed for senescent change in anterior pituitary, neurointermediate pituitary, hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum, dorsolateral cortex, and pons-medulla, as well as residual brain samples remaining after the other dissections. Groups of naive male C57BL/6J mice, 8-12 months old and 28-32 months old, served as subjects. Old mice exhibited significant decline in anterior pituitary and hippocampus weight. Significant increases with age were found in pons-medulla weight. IR beta-endorphin content decreased in hypothalamus and neurointermediate pituitary. IR enkephalin decreased in striatum and dorsolateral cortex. IR vasopressin content increased in hypothalamus and residual brain. Assays were replicated in later experiments using additional subjects, for total Ns of up to 54 mice. Although significant overall results were always consistent in direction from replication to replication, the magnitude of age change exhibited considerable variability. Such results suggest that single experiments on age changes in neuropeptides, particularly those giving negative results, should be carefully scrutinized and replicated before their acceptance as evidence for a transmitter's stability or instability throughout the lifespan.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Initial intravenous cis-platinum therapy: improved management for invasive high risk bladder cancer?

Between August 1981 and December 1983, 50 patients with invasive high risk bladder cancer were treated initially with 100 mg. per m.2 cis-platinum intravenously in 2 doses with a 3-week interval, which was followed by definitive treatment (radiotherapy and/or cystectomy). High risk disease was defined on the basis of at least 2 of the following: invasion into or beyond the muscle (stages B2 to D1), grade III histology, large tumors and ureteral obstruction. Major symptomatic improvement was noted in 38 patients (76 per cent) after 1 to 2 doses of cis-platinum and 30 (60 per cent) had an objective response to cis-platinum. An objective response (complete or partial remission) was noted in 43 patients (86 per cent) after cis-platinum plus definitive treatment. The 12-month actuarial survival was 86 per cent and the 2-year actuarial survival was 80 per cent (although only 14 patients were entered in the study more than 2 years ago). The protocol was well tolerated, with nausea and vomiting being the most common side effects. There were no deaths related to treatment. Ten patients (20 per cent) died of cancer. The relevance of initial cis-platinum therapy in this management program is now being evaluated in a multicenter randomized trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pathogenicity of aeromonas.

The ability of 15 Aeromonas sobria and 9 Aeromonas hydrophila isolates to cause subcutaneous lesions was tested. An inoculum of 10(11) colony forming units/l was injected subcutaneously into mice. Surviving animals developed a subcutaneous abscess and/or localised skin sloughing and loss of hair (alopecia). An abscess was induced by all nine A. hydrophila isolates and by three of the 15 A. sobria isolates. The induction of local epidermal sloughing and loss of hair followed challenge with either A. hydrophila or A. sobria and correlated with the organisms' lethality for mice and their cytotoxicity in the Y-I adrenal cell assay. Local epidermal sloughing was not induced by the media used for growing the organisms or by sonicated cells of the isolates. The ability to cause epidermal sloughing was lost by incubating viable cells at 45 degrees C for 35 minutes. These yet unreported in vivo features of Aeromonas sp. may be useful in studies of the pathogenicity of the species as well as for rapid assay of toxicity of strains.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Synthesis and biological activity of pentapeptide analogues of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline.

Two pentapeptide analogues of the ketomethylene-containing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline (1) were synthesized and evaluated as ACE inhibitors and antihypertensive agents. Compounds 14 and 15 were very potent ACE inhibitors with I50 values of 7.0 and 3.0 nM, respectively, compared to an I50 value of 70 nM for 1. Neither 14 nor 15 showed significant blood pressure lowering activity in renal hypertensive rats. Investigations conducted on a tritiated analogue of 14 showed that 70% of an oral dose of this compound is absorbed but is rapidly excreted from the blood with a half life of 24 min. Thin-layer chromatography of bile and urine contents in rats given tritiated 14 orally showed that it is excreted in greater than 90% unchanged form. This implies that a ketomethylene linkage can stabilize peptide amide linkages adjacent to it to peptidase degradation.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1985

Palaeopathology of spinal osteophytosis, vertebral ankylosis, ankylosing spondylitis, and vertebral hyperostosis.

Five hundred and sixty intact skeletons and several thousand disarticulated vertebrae have been examined with special reference to spinal fusion. In period they ranged from a 21st dynasty Egyptian mummy to a mid-19th century skeleton. Osteophytes were found in about half of the specimens, as reported previously. Fifteen skeletons with extensive blocks of spinal fusion were also identified. Sacroiliitis was present in two, but the asymmetrical spinal disease and peripheral joint changes suggested Reiter's disease or psoriatic spondylitis rather than ankylosing spondylitis. The remaining 13 had typical features of Forrestier's disease, and extraspinal findings indicative of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) were also common. A review of the available literature suggests that many palaeopathological specimens previously reported as anklylosing spondylitis are examples of DISH or other seronegative spondylarthropathies. The antiquity and palaeopathology of AS needs reappraisal.

Adult↗