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Biomedical subjects

J Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to J Rogers.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

An epidemiologic study of sacroiliac fusion in some human skeletal remains.

A case-control study was undertaken to generate some hypotheses concerning the etiology of sacroiliac fusion in a group of skeletons dating from the 18th and 19th centuries. Forty-one skeletons with fusion of the sacroiliac joint were compared with eighty-two adult skeletons without the condition. The sacroiliac joints were most frequently fused with bridging osteophytes and no preference for site or side of fusion could be detected. Except where there were other features in the skeleton suggestive of a sero-negative arthropathy, radiography demonstrated that there was no intra-articular ankylosis. We were able to confirm earlier observations that the condition is more prevalent in males and in older age-groups. The study also showed a significant association between sacroiliac fusion and the presence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and osteoarthritis of the spine but not for osteoarthritis at any other site. There was a highly significant association between sacroiliac fusion and the phenomenon that we refer to as "bone forming." We devised a series of bone-former scores and were able to show a significant excess of cases with high scores compared with the controls. This association persisted when allowance had been made for potential confounding factors such as DISH, osteoarthritis of the spine, and age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antitetanus toxoid antibody using aluminum-absorbed coating antigen.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antitetanus antibodies was developed using aluminum-absorbed tetanus toxoid as the coating antigen. The assay was tested by measuring antitetanus antibody levels in serum obtained from subjects before and after immunization with the aluminum-absorbed tetanus suspension. The specificity of the antibodies for tetanus antigen was tested both before and after antitetanus activity was removed with tetanus antigen-coated beads. Also, the activities of the sera were compared with those of a commercially available test. Our results indicated that the aluminum-absorbed tetanus suspension can be coated onto standard polystyrene ELISA plates and used to measure antibody titers to tetanus toxoid.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Calretinin and other CaBPs in the nervous system.

At least three CaBPs are abundant in various types of nerve cells: calbindin-D28, calretinin, and parvalbumin. The sequence of chick calretinin, from cDNA clones, is 60% homologous to that of chick calbindin. The genomic calretinin gene has also been partially sequenced. Calretinin is a protein of 29-30 kilodaltons. Antisera have been raised against beta-galactosidase-calretinin fusion proteins, and used to compare the distribution of calretinin with that of calbindin by two-colour immunofluorescence. Some sections have also been stained for parvalbumin. In chick brain and retina, the three proteins are largely in different neurons. Calbindin and calretinin are particularly abundant in some sensory nuclei, and co-expression is more common in peripheral sensory neurons. In rat brain, and in retinae of rat, cat, and salamander, some of the expression patterns are conserved, but some are not. In the chick embryonic retina, some cells show a transient phase of calbindin immunoreactivity during development.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Molecular, cellular, and pathologic characterization of HLA-DR immunoreactivity in normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease brain.

Previous studies have suggested that markers of immune function may be present in brain. We have characterized one of the most important of these markers, the human major histocompatibility complex antigen HLA-DR, at molecular, cellular, and pathologic levels. The results show that an antigen with the correct molecular weight for HLA-DR and the appropriate immunoreactivity for HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies is present in nondemented elderly (ND) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain tissue. HLA-DR immunoreactivity is profusely expressed by brain microglia, often expressed by lymphocytes within the neuropil, rarely expressed by astrocytes, and not expressed by neurons or oligodendrocytes. Pathologically, HLA-DR-like staining in ND patients is confined primarily to white matter nonreactive or resting microglia. In AD patients, both white matter and gray matter are stained, and HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia predominate. Virtually all senile or neuritic plaques are densely HLA-DR immunoreactive: at the plaque core staining intensity is elevated as much as 50-fold, dropping to background at the plaque margin.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Psychological status before and after gastric restriction as predictors of weight loss in the morbidly obese.

Before gastric restriction, 118 morbidly obese women were psychiatrically assessed by clinical interview and self-report questionnaire. One year after surgery, 71 repeated the questionnaires. Weight was assessed at yearly intervals until the four year follow-up (n = 91). The maximum mean weight loss of 35 kg occurred at one year follow-up, when questionnaire respondents reported a slight overall improvement in personal and marital adjustment, and 72% rated themselves as very pleased with the results of surgery. Subsequently, 70% of patients regained weight, although the mean annual increase was only 1.9 kg. Marital dissatisfaction was a significant positive predictor of weight at one year, and generalized anxiety was a significant negative predictor of weight at four years. An increase in phobia scores at one year predicted subsequent maintenance of weight loss, whereas an increase in extrapunitiveness (mainly irritability and criticism of others) predicted subsequent weight gain.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Genetic and physical mapping and population studies of a fibronectin receptor beta-subunit-like sequence on human chromosome 19.

A cDNA clone of the beta subunit of human fibronectin receptor (FNRB) detects two different polymorphic loci: (a) a codominant system previously mapped to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10, the site of the functional FNRB gene; and (b) a dominant system not linked to the first one or to any chromosome 10 marker tested. This second polymorphism is characterized by the presence or absence of a band (or a set of bands). We have used linkage analysis and biotin-labeled in situ hybridization to map this dominant polymorphism to the short arm of chromosome 19; we hypothesize that it may be due to the insertion of part of the cDNA from the chromosome 10 gene into chromosome 19. This "insertion" is polymorphic in all populations studied.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1990

The Alzheimer amyloid precursor-related transcript lacking the beta/A4 sequence is specifically increased in Alzheimer's disease brain.

The deposition of cerebrovascular and plaque amyloid in the CNS is a primary feature of Alzheimer's disease and aged Down's syndrome pathology. The localization of the Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor (APP) gene on chromosome 21, along with its overexpression in Down's syndrome brain compared with normal brain, suggests that alterations in APP gene expression may play a role in the development of the neuropathology common to the two diseases. In the present report, we demonstrate that a specific spliced form of mRNA that is transcribed from the APP gene and that lacks the beta/A4 sequence is elevated in the nucleus basalis, occipitotemporal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus in Alzheimer's disease brain relative to controls. These results are based on combined data from RNA slot blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction quantification of specific mRNAs taken directly from tissue sections.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Calbindin and calretinin localization in retina from different species.

Calbindin-D28K and calretinin are homologous calcium-binding proteins localized in many neurons of the central nervous systems. We have compared polyclonal antibodies against calbindin and calretinin and have shown by western blots using purified calbindin and calretinin from rat that (1) anti-calretinin does not recognize calbindin and (2) anti-calbindin presents some cross-reactivity with calretinin. In this report, we have compared by immunohistochemistry the localization of both calcium-binding proteins in the retina of monkey, pig, sheep, rat, cat, pigeon, and salamander. These results are compared with previous data for chick. There are many differences between species and not within species, but some aspects of the distribution are conserved. All species, except rat and monkey, have some cones which contain calbindin only. Most species also have some bipolar cells containing calbindin only. Calretinin is rarely seen in photoreceptors or bipolar cells. All species have horizontal cells which contain calretinin or calbindin or both. All species have amacrine cells and ganglion cells containing one or other protein. In the cat ganglion cell layer, the calretinin antisera define a new, asymmetric, type of cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Completion rate and reliability of the self-administered genogram (SAGE).

The self-administered genogram (SAGE) has been developed to increase the use of genograms in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to assess the completion rate of the SAGE and its test-retest reliability. Eleven women patients completed the SAGE on two occasions, three months apart. The completion rates of the two testings were similar, and high degrees of reliability were observed. Reliability varied by type of information and generation of family members. The SAGE appears to be an efficient tool for obtaining complete and consistent information about family structure, demographics and life events. The utility of the SAGEs with regard to family health information is as yet unexplored.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Husbands' adjustment to wives' weight loss after gastric restriction for morbid obesity.

This study examined the personal and marital adjustment of husbands before and one year after their wives had gastric restriction surgery for morbid obesity. Seventy-five married women and their husbands were assessed by clinical interview and self-report questionnaires before surgery. Forty-three husbands (57 per cent) returned questionnaires at the 12 month follow-up, and in 36 cases both partners did so. Four couples separated in the first year after surgery. Husbands' self-reported personal adjustment before surgery was essentially normal, but their marital dissatisfaction was significantly elevated. Twelve months after surgery, their scores improved on the measure of psychoneurotic symptoms, and on assertion discomfort, extrapunitiveness and marital dissatisfaction. However, there was a significant reduction in assertion behaviour. In contrast, wives (who had lost an average of 35.4 kg) reported significant increases in extrapunitiveness and assertion behaviour, the latter increase being associate with raised marital dissatisfaction in husbands. This finding suggested that husbands' adaptation to wives' increased assertiveness is often a problem in the first year after surgery, confirming reports in the clinical literature.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Theoretical underpinning of the single-molecule-dilution (SMD) method of direct haplotype resolution.

In a recent paper we have shown that DNA haplotypes of multiply heterozygous individuals can be resolved directly by polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) amplification of a single molecule of genomic template. Our method (the single-molecule-dilution [SMD] method) relies on the stochastic separation of maternal and paternal alleles at high dilution. The stochasticity of separation and the potential for DNA shearing (which could separate the loci of interest) are two factors that can compromise the results of the experiment. This paper explores the consequences of these two factors and shows that the SMD method can be expected to work very reliably even in the presence of a moderate amount of DNA shearing.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

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Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗