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Biomedical subjects

J Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to J Robinson.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A model for the maturation of protective antibody responses to SIV envelope proteins in experimentally immunized monkeys.

Studies using live attenuated virus vaccines in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) rhesus macaque model have demonstrated broad protection against experimental challenge. Protection in these studies was found to be critically dependent on the length of time postvaccination, suggesting that protective immunity involves a necessary maturation of immune responses. The current study characterizes the evolution of protective envelope-specific antibody responses from monkeys inoculated with the highly attenuated SIV/17E-Cl virus vaccine. For comparison, the same antibody assays were used to characterize the properties of SIV envelope-specific antibodies elicited by inactivated whole virus and envelope subunit vaccines that failed to provide protection from experimental virus challenge. Results of these studies identify a continuous and complex maturation of envelope-specific antibody responses during the first six to eight months postinfection. Furthermore, the time required for maturation of SIV envelope-specific antibodies parallels the time required for the development of protective immunity against experimental challenge with heterologous strains of SIV. While no single immune correlate of protection has been identified, we suggest that a combination of antibody parameters may serve as prognostic indicators in the development of candidate AIDS vaccines.

AIDS Vaccines↗
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Uneven epidural analgesia-early diagnosis and correction: case reports.

Lateral displacement of the epidural catheter can cause uneven epidural analgesia. Early determination can be made by pulse-wave monitoring of sympathetic blockade of the lower extremities and by x-ray determination of the placement of the catheter tip. Withdrawal of the catheter tip to near the midline may correct uneven epidural analgesia.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
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Prescribing practices for pain in drug dependence: a lesson in ignorance.

Chronic pain syndromes arise when usual strategies to treat pain and its underlying pathology fail, excessive reliance on medication is related to increased dysfunction and, there is suspicion of psychiatric component to the pain behaviors exhibited. Opiate and sedative medications are generally cited as a contributing factor in the development of chronic non-malignant pain. The recent proliferation of clinics specializing in treatment of chronic pain and related disorders is a new and interesting development. These units consider detoxification from sedatives and opiates mandatory if chronic pain is to be treated and function restored. A literature review shows an amazing paucity of rigorous research in chronic pain patients which supports the widely held belief that medications contribute to dysfunction in chronic pain thus patients require detoxification. The following discussion explores the data upon which are based current strategies for the use of narcotics in chronic pain.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
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Large vessel dysfunction in diabetic adolescents and its relationship to small vessel complications.

Endothelial dysfunction is considered a key early event in atherosclerosis. Using a novel ultrasound method, brachial artery endothelial and smooth muscle physiology were studied in 20 adolescents with IDDM and compared to that in 20 nondiabetic subjects matched for age (13-22 years), gender and vessel size. Endothelium-dependent dilatation (EDD) was assessed in response to flow (EDD) and endothelium-independent vasodilatation after sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). Both EDD and GTN were reduced in those with IDDM compared with controls: 5% vs 9%, (p = 0.0002) and 14% vs 21% (p = 0.002). Abnormal EDD was found in 12 IDDM adolescents (diabetes duration 3.3-14.9 years). The maximum albumin excretion rate of the diabetic group was 17 micrograms/min. Four adolescents had retinopathy assessed by stereoscopic fundus photography. Three had at least one of four cardiovascular autonomic test abnormalities. There was no significant correlation observed between the test for early large vessel disease and those for diabetic microangiopathy. Large vessel dysfunction was the most common abnormality.

Adolescent↗
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Forging bonds.

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Education, Nursing↗
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Belittle leaders.

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Humans↗
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Urethral catheter selection.

Many patients undergo urethral catheterisation. Selecting the most appropriate catheter for an individual patient requires knowledge and a practical understanding of the types of catheter available. A number of factors should be considered in catheter selection, including patient needs, indications for catheterisation, the type of material, the balloon size and the length and diameter of the catheter. The aim of this article is to provide information that will clarify some of the concerns nurses might have regarding urethral catheterisation.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
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Rapid access for patients with head and neck lumps.

BACKGROUND: In the White Paper The New NHS: Modern, Dependable (DoH 1997), the government states that anyone with suspected cancer will be able to be seen by a specialist within two weeks of referral by a GP. Staff at Southport General Infirmary set up a rapid access clinic for patients referred with a neck lump to meet these targets. A protocol was devised to deal with these new patients and the clinic was audited during the first six months to ensure that the two-week target was being met. CONCLUSION: The results of the audit showed that the rapid-access clinic was able to provide a fast, quality service for this small number (n = 58) of patients. The majority (n = 49) (84 per cent) of patients were seen within the target time. The remaining patients were not seen within the two-week target because of delays in receiving GP referrals and patients' difficulties in meeting the allocated appointment.

Adolescent↗