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Biomedical subjects

J Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to J Robinson.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Prostaglandins in the kidney, urinary bladder and gills of the rainbow trout and European eel adapted to fresh water and seawater.

Prostaglandins in kidney, gills, and urinary bladder of freshwater-adapted and seawater-adapted rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (= Salmo gairdneri), and European eel, Anguilla anguilla, were determined by solid-phase extraction of tissue homogenates and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Prostaglandins E2, E1, F1 alpha, F2 alpha, and D2 and the more stable metabolite of prostacyclin, 6-keto F1 alpha, occurred in these osmoregulatory tissues. In gill filaments and kidneys of both eel and trout, prostaglandins D2 and 6-keto F1 alpha were major prostaglandins. Concentrations of these prostaglandins were significantly lower in the eel after seawater adaptation, but not in the trout. The urinary bladder of the trout contained the highest levels of prostaglandins; bladders of seawater-adapted trout contained prostaglandin D2 at 6.7 ng/mg wet tissue, the highest level of any prostaglandin determined in the present studies. Prostaglandin D2 was not detected in bladders of freshwater-adapted trout.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

Transmission of light across the adult and neonatal eyelid in vivo.

Light transmission characteristics of the human adult and neonatal eyelid were measured in vivo. Light was delivered via a grating monochromator through a fibre-optic mounted onto a contact lens placed under the eyelid, and detected using a photodiode on its external skin surface. Data from 5 adult and 9 preterm neonatal subjects indicate that the eyelid acts as a predominantly red-pass filter, with mean transmissions at 700 nm of 14.5% in the adult and 21.4% in the neonate, declining to less than or equal to 3% in both groups below 580 nm. The relevance of this data to clinical electrophysiology and to estimates of retinal irradiance is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Follicular monitoring and outcome of in vitro fertilization in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-agonist-treated cycles.

Previous investigations of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles stimulated with gonadotropins have shown that it is possible to predict IVF outcome on the basis of the pattern of estradiol (E2) production in the terminal phase of follicular growth. This analysis looked at endocrine and ultrasound parameters in the late follicular phase of 320 patients in their first cycle of IVF. All cycles were stimulated by an association of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) and human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG). The pregnancy rate (PR) was not related to the E2 pattern in the 5 days before ovulation induction and was 33% and 39% even when E2 values fell during hMG administration. The PR was independent of the E2 level and the number of follicles greater than 14 mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration (day 0). The incidence of multiple pregnancy increased when E2 levels were greater than 1,000 pg/mL. It is concluded that follicular phase parameters used for cycle cancellation in hMG-stimulated IVF cycles cannot be extrapolated to GnRH-a/hMG cycles.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Emotional availability in mother-child interactions: a reconceptualization for research.

The literature on an earlier view of emotional availability as a maternal construct and on the related concepts of psychological unavailability, depression, sensitivity, and control is reviewed. A reconceptualization of emotional availability as a relational construct, incorporating maternal sensitivity and nonintrusiveness and child responsiveness and involvement of the mother, is presented. Several research issues are proposed for further exploration.

Affect↗
PubMed1991

Cytotoxic effects of children's faeces: relation to diarrhoea due to Clostridium difficile and other enteric pathogens.

Cytotoxicity of faecal extracts was demonstrated in 47 of 88 children (54%) referred for microbiological investigation of stools. Cytotoxic Clostridium difficile and vertotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) were the pathogens identified most commonly but cytotoxicity was also found in association with Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp, Shigella sonnei, Giardia lamblia, rotavirus, adenovirus and poliovirus type 1 which had been acquired by oral immunization. In two patients, one of whom had cystic fibrosis, cytotoxicity of faecal extracts was associated with isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In five of 13 patients with diarrhoea and cytotoxic C. difficile, other pathogens were also present, in agreement with the view that C. difficile are more readily recovered when the intestinal flora have been altered by colonization with other micro-organisms. There was no correlation between previous treatment with antibiotics and isolation of C. difficile. Cytotoxicity neutralized by antitoxin, usually to C. sordellii, is used to detect cytotoxic C. difficile. We suggest that cytotoxicity not neutralized in this way should be an indication for further investigation of stools for the presence of other pathogens such as VTEC or viruses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Selection of an antibody-free population of spermatozoa from semen samples of men suffering from immunological infertility.

Ejaculates from infertile men with significant levels of antisperm antibodies were processed in vitro, in an attempt to prepare sub-populations of antibody-free spermatozoa. Semen samples were processed on a discontinuous Percoll gradient and the resultant sperm preparation was treated with immunobeads. Selection of antibody-free spermatozoa was achieved: less than 10% of the resulting spermatozoa showed binding to immunobeads after treatment in all cases investigated. The overnight survival of these antibody-free spermatozoa was comparable to, or better than, that of the untreated antibody-coated sample obtained from the Percoll gradient. The fertility potential of these treated spermatozoa is currently under investigation.

Fertilization in Vitro↗
PubMed1991

Influence of soluble haemagglutinins on adherence of Helicobacter pylori to HEp-2 cells.

In a study of six laboratory strains of Helicobacter pylori, two different modes of bacterial adherence to HEp-2 cells were found. Electronmicroscopy revealed that strains known to possess soluble haemagglutinin adhered intimately to the cell surfaces, with cupping of the plasma membrane and coalescence of glycocalyces at sites of attachment. Strains of H. pylori without soluble haemagglutinin also attached, but did not induce membrane cupping or show glycocalyx fusion. Light microscopy did not distinguish between these patterns of adherence. Bacterial attachment was unaffected by pre-treatment of HEp-2 cells with neuraminidase. Exposure of the bacteria to trypsin or to colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) before being added to HEp-2 cells markedly impaired bacterial adherence. This effect of CBS may contribute to the known efficacy of bismuth therapy in patients with H. pylori-related gastritis.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1991

Project 2000: the role of resistance in the process of professional growth.

This paper attempts to use the work of Peter Marris on loss and change to provide a theoretical perspective on the role of resistance in the process of professional growth. Nurse education is highlighted as an area of radical change with the implementation of Project 2000 in the United Kingdom. Early data generated by exploratory work in one Project 2000 demonstration district are used to illustrate the potential emergence of areas of resistance to major educational reform. It is argued that resistance to change has an adaptive function and is a necessary precursor to professional growth. It is not necessarily indicative of intransigence but rather should be seen as part of any process of adaptation to changes which might undermine the validity of past systems of understanding the world in which we live.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Light transmission measurements and phototherapy eyepatches.

The transmission characteristics of phototherapy eyeshields have been measured under conditions that mimic the clinical situation. Peak transmission (less than 10%) was detected at 700 nm for the poorest patch tested and less than 2% for either of the other patches examined. The optics of measurement systems are considered with reference both to this and previous studies of light transmission through eyepatches. The simplicity and effectiveness with which eyepatches can be secured may be as important as their transmission characteristics.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1991

A care plan for self-administration of epoetin alfa.

A care plan was developed to assist nephrology nurses managing the care of patients self-administering epoetin alfa. This is a generic care plan intended to serve as a basis for communication and should be adapted for appropriateness to individual facilities.

Erythropoietin↗
PubMed1991

Another look at the effects of advanced maternal age.

The reproductive performance of primigravidae aged 30 years and over was compared with that of a group of younger primigravidae. Other patients were at greater risk for antepartum complications such as pre-eclampsia and uterine fibroids. Induction of labour was undertaken more frequently, and the Caesarean Section rate was higher but there was no worsening of perinatal mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The evaluation of an intermediate care--geriatric evaluation unit in a Veterans Administration Hospital.

In response to the increasing care needs of geriatric patients and attendant hospital costs, the Nashville Veterans Administration Medical Center, which has 393 beds and admits 8400 patients annually, initiated an Intermediate Care Service in 1988. A geriatric team was formed, sharing staff and resources from existing units. To determine the efficacy of intermediate care, automated data sources at the Nashville Veterans Administration Medical Center provided data on discharge status, length of stay, and diagnoses of patients in both the acute and intermediate care units. The first year's experience indicated that careful communication and education of nursing staff was required to initiate the Intermediate Care Service with no staff resigning. An interdisciplinary team facilitated better patient care and discharge planning. Among 190 patients discharged from this service, 57% were discharged home and 22% into nursing homes; this can be compared to those discharged from acute care units of the hospital: 84% home and 4% to a nursing home; 20% of the patients in the Intermediate Care Service were discharged to a lower level of care than the initial hospital discharge plan had indicated. A 1.4-day decrease in average length of stay in the hospital has occurred since initiation of the Intermediate Care Service.

Aged↗