A chewable form of DDI improves absorption.
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Administration, Oral↗
Biomedical subjects
J Rivera
Publications and source records attributed to J Rivera.
Effect of inclusion of beans in a mixed diet for the treatment of Peruvian children with acute watery diarrhea.
A double-masked clinical trial was conducted to assess the effects of inclusion of beans in a mixed diet for young Peruvian children with acute diarrhea. Dietary treatment consisted of either rice, beans, and vegetable oil (group RB, n = 25) or rice, soy-protein isolate, corn syrup solids, and vegetable oil (group RS, n = 21), each given in amounts up to 150 kcal/kg body weight per day immediately following rehydration therapy. The groups were generally similar at the time of admission, and there were no differences in the rates of treatment failure (8% in group RB, 14% in group RS; P = .65). Mean stool outputs were 83 +/- 46 (SD) g/kg body weight in group RB and 71 +/- 43 g/kg body weight in group RS on day 1, and these outputs consistently ranged from 25% to 40% greater in group RB than in group RS (P = .058). By contrast, the median duration of liquid stool excretion was substantially less in group RB than in group RS (60 vs 121 hours, P = .01). The fractional absorption of carbohydrate, fat, and total energy was significantly greater by children in group RS, but there were no differences in net apparent absorption of these nutrients because the children in group RB consumed significantly more of their assigned diet. Children in group RS gained significantly more weight during the whole period of observation (194 g vs 1 g, P = .047), but these differences could be entirely explained by the weight (and presumably fluid) changes on day 1. There were no consistent differences by dietary group in any of the other anthropometric indicators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute Disease↗
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characterization of volatile organic compounds in Barcelona tap water.
Barcelona's tap water is supplied by the Llobregat and Ter rivers, which have significant differences in raw water quality. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Barcelona tap water were isolated by closed-loop stripping analysis (CLSA) and identified and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the Ter river gives the better quality tap water. VOCs, in particular solvents, phosphates, hydrocarbons, C3 and C4 alkylbenzenes and surfactant-related compounds such as C10-C13 alkylbenzenes and non-ionic compounds such as polyethoxylated nonylphenols and their brominated derivatives are present at the ppb level. The last two types of compounds have not previously been reported using the CLSA technique.
Benzene Derivatives↗
Isolation and primary structure of glucagon from the endocrine pancreas of Thunnus obesus.
Glucagon has been isolated from the endocrine pancreas of a tunid, Thunnus obesus. The primary structure of the glucagon molecule was established as H S E G T F S N D Y S K Y L E T R R A Q D F V Q W L K N S. The sequence is identical to those of sculpin and flounder glucagon and glucagon II from anglerfish. It also shows high homology to the mammalian hormone (76%). The mass determined by fast-atom bombardment (3508) was consistent with the proposed structure. Immunological properties of the tuna glucagon were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, showing a high degree of cross-reactivity with the 30K antibody.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
P29, an oestrogen receptor-associated protein, is down-regulated by mifepristone in first trimester human placenta and decidua.
P29 is an oestrogen receptor-associated protein which acts as a marker of oestrogen action in several systems. The concentration of P29 was measured in placenta and decidua from women following medical termination of pregnancy with the antiprogesterone steroid mifepristone (RU 38,486) and a prostaglandin E1 analogue, and compared with the concentration of P29 found in matched controls undergoing surgical aspiration of pregnancy. Oestrogen receptors were also measured in the same samples. Placental and decidual P29 concentrations (IU/mg protein) in patients treated with mifepristone were 9.6 (4.6-54) and 4.8 (1.3-13.3) (median and range), respectively. These values were significantly lower than the corresponding values, 39.5 (27-69) and 22.0 (2-107) in the surgical group. In contrast, the levels of oestrogen receptors did not change significantly in either decidua or placenta. These data show that mifepristone causes down-regulation of P29 in placenta and decidua, and therefore its action may disrupt oestrogen function in uterine tissues.
Abortion, Legal↗
Anticardiolipin antibodies in drug addicted patients with AIDS.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Intestinal calcium absorption and parathyroid hormone secretion in asthmatic patients on prolonged oral or inhaled steroid treatment.
A secondary hyperparathyroidism resulting from decreased intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption has been proposed as a contributory factor to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Inhaled steroids do not usually suppress adrenal gland function unless daily doses above 1,500 microgram are used. A recent study, however, has shown a reduced total body calcium in patients on regular beclomethasone treatment. In theory, osteopenia in these patients could be due to a direct effect of inhaled steroids on bone or due to an impaired intestinal calcium absorption. In this study, Ca absorption and parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion were evaluated in three groups: 1) asthmatics on continuous oral and inhaled steroid treatment (11.3 +/- 4.4, range 5-33.5 mg.day-1 prednisone and 660 +/- 265, range 400-1,600 microgram.day-1 beclomethasone, respectively); 2) asthmatics on regular beclomethasone therapy (585 +/- 210, range 400-1,200 microgram.day-1); and 3) healthy subjects. The prevalence of vertebral fractures was evaluated by a spinal X-ray. No differences were found in either Ca absorption or PTH serum levels between asthmatics and healthy subjects (analysis of variance-ANOVA). Vertebral fractures were significantly more frequent in patients from group 1 (14 of 25) than in those from group 2 (2 or 25). We conclude that both prolonged oral steroid treatment and inhaled steroids, at doses lower than 1,600 microgram.day-1 do not cause Ca malabsorption, and that hyperparathyroidism does not contribute to osteoporosis in these patients.
Administration, Inhalation↗
AIDS and rheumatic manifestations in patients addicted to drugs. An analysis of 106 cases.
We evaluated the rheumatic manifestations in 106 patients with AIDS whose risk factor is intravenous drug addiction. All were intravenous drug addicts and carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Their average age was 28.36 years; 83 were men and 23 were women; 73 were in stage IV of the HIV infection; 12 were in stage III and 21 in stage II. Rheumatic manifestations were found in 21 patients (20%). Specifically, 13 had arthralgias/myalgias, 2 demonstrated oligoarthritis, 1 had tuberculous arthritis of the knee, and 1 patient showed systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Finally, 6 patients had a history of septic arthritis. There was an absence of the Reiter syndrome/reactive arthritis, a low frequency of symptoms of articular swelling, and the marked presence of histories of septic arthritis. The practices that lead to HIV infection may play a decisive role in the appearance of rheumatic manifestations in patients with AIDS, even more than the presence of the virus itself or the immunological alterations thereby produced.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Are there subtypes of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor?
We have compared the properties of the [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3-binding sites from a number of tissues in an attempt to determine if heterogeneity exists within the Ins(1,4,5)P3-receptor family. The binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3 was characterized in detail by using membranes prepared from human uterine smooth muscle and bovine adrenal cortex. Ins(1,4,5)P3 exhibited an approx. 5 times greater affinity for the binding site in adrenal cortex (KD = 9.81 +/- 1.92 nM) compared with uterine smooth muscle (KD = 37.1 +/- 1.8 nM). The binding was dependent on pH in both tissues, with a maximum at pH 8.3; at this pH various inositol phosphates and nucleotides competed for the binding sites with similar potencies on both tissues. However, the binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to the uterine smooth-muscle membranes was Ca2(+)-sensitive, whereas that to the bovine adrenal cortex was not; furthermore, heparin displaced the binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3 in the uterus with an IC50 value (concn. of displacer giving 50% inhibition of specific binding) of 3.9 micrograms/ml (2.5, 6.4; lower, upper range), compared with a value of 22 (13, 30) micrograms/ml in adrenal cortex. In view of the ability of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and heparin to distinguish between these binding sites, their effect on other tissues was examined. Ins(1,4,5)P3 showed a similar affinity for receptors located in the bovine cerebellum to those in the bovine adrenal cortex, but heparin displaced Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding with a 5-fold greater affinity from the cerebellum. Ins(1,4,5)P3 had a 2-fold greater affinity for its receptor with human platelets, as compared with human uterus, but heparin was unable to distinguish between these sites. In guinea-pig ileum, Ins(1,4,5)P3 displayed a similar affinity for the receptors in the longitudinal muscle compared with the circular muscle, but heparin could distinguish between these sites. These data show that small differences exist between tissues, but no clear picture is apparent. It is possible that these results reflect tissue-dependent factors such as phosphorylation, the presence of calmedin etc., rather than the presence of receptor subtypes or species difference.
Adrenal Cortex↗
Evolution of extramedullary plasmacytoma in a patient with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
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Female↗
Expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and an estrogen receptor-associated protein in the human cervix during the menstrual cycle and menopause.
Estrogen receptors (ERs), progesterone receptors (PRs), and P29, an ER-associated protein, were studied immunohistochemically in human cervix with use of specific monoclonal antibodies. In ectocervical epithelium, homogeneous staining was found for P29 throughout the menstrual cycle and after menopause. Weak or moderate staining was found for ER in the basal and, occasionally, the parabasal layers of ectocervix during the proliferative phase. In contrast, staining decreased in secretory phase and postmenopausal epithelia. Staining was negative for PR in all the exocervical epithelia. Heterogeneous staining, more pronounced for P29, was found for the three antigens of the study in endocervical epithelium. Staining did not change with the hormonal status of patients, except for ER, where staining decreased during the secretory phase. Stromal cells were negative or weakly positive, whereas muscular fibers were positive. This study suggests that the capacity of response of the steroid apparatus of cervical cells to fluctuations of circulating estrogens and progestins is limited compared with some of the cell functions, such as mucus secretion, or with other target tissues, such as endometrium. Additionally, the differences found in the pattern of expression of the three antigens studied suggest that the steroid-dependent growth and differentiation in ectocervix is regulated differently to endocervix.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
The effect of RU 38,486 on progesterone and oestrogen receptor concentrations in the decidua and placenta in early pregnancy.
Decidual and placental concentrations of progesterone and oestrogen receptors in 15 women having medical terminations of pregnancy with a combination of the anti-progesterone steroid RU 38,486 and prostaglandin E1 analogue have been compared with 10 matched controls undergoing surgical aspiration of pregnancy. In the patients treated with RU 38,486, the mean (SD) decidual cytosolic and total progesterone receptor concentrations of 4.3 (5.6) and 7.6 (7.1) fmol/microgram DNA respectively were significantly lower than the levels of 18.5 (14.4) and 22.3 (17.4) fmol/microgram DNA in the control patients. Progesterone receptor concentrations in the placenta were very low in both groups. No significant change in oestrogen receptor concentrations occurred in the decidua or placenta after treatment with RU 38,486. These data indicate that there may be down-regulation of decidual progesterone receptor concentrations following RU 38,486 treatment.
Adult↗
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and oxytocin binding in human myometrium.
The presence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors in human myometrium has been investigated and their concentration compared with that of oxytocin receptors. Myometrial microsomes were incubated with 3H-IP3 alone and in the presence of unlabeled IP3. Binding was to a single class of noninteracting sites with a density of 1-2 pmol/mg of protein. The sites had characteristics of true IP3 receptors, i.e., very fast association and dissociation rates, high affinity (Kd 25-50 nM) and specificity (IP3 greater than IP3[2,4,5], IP4 much greater than IP5 greater than IP3[1,3,4], IP1, IP2, IP6), and did not metabolize 3H-IP3. The binding was maximal at pH 8, and was inhibited by calcium (IC50 = 80 nM), magnesium (IC50 = 100 microM), heparin (IC50 = 4.5 micrograms/ml), and GTP (IC50 = 150 microM). The concentration and affinity of IP3 receptors were similar in pregnant and nonpregnant myometrium and remained constant during labor. By contrast, the density of oxytocin receptor increased significantly from nonpregnant to pregnant tissue and fell in advanced spontaneous labor but not in advanced induced labor. These results provide new, additional evidence for the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol pathway in the control of uterine contractility.
Binding, Competitive↗
[Delayed gastric emptying following subtotal gastrectomy].
A case of prolonged gastric retention, after truncal vagotomy and antrectomy, is reported. The clinical picture was initially thought to be due to an organic obstruction. The patient was reoperated, having a Billroth-II anastomosis converted into a Roux--en--Y. The gastric retention reappeared soon after the reoperation. After a long period on nutritional support, the patient resumed tolerance first to a solid food and then to liquids. Later a bezoar of Candida albicans was discovered in the gastric stump. After gastric lavage, the patient remained free of symptoms. The importance on the assessment by gastroscopy as well as the conservative treatment in case of postoperative gastric retention is emphasized in this paper.
Aged↗
[Intestinal malacoplakia in pediatrics: report of a case and review of the literature].
We are presenting the case of a 13 year-old male child who was hospitalized at INSN, with generalized edema, chronic diarrhea and hematoquezia. Biopsy studies of the intestine established the diagnosis of Malacoplakia. Despite of the treatment the clinical evolution didn't improve. A review of medical literature is discussed principally relate a Pediatrics.
Adolescent↗
Analysis of glycolipids by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
The positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra of four glycolipids obtained from microbial cultures are reported. The spectra of the glycolipids in the positive ion mode are characterized by abundant [M + Na]+, [M + Na + matrix]+ and [M + 2Na - H]+ species. In negative FAB conditions the molecules yield [M - H]-. Our understanding of the FAB behaviour of glycolipids in both positive and negative modes has been considerably aided in the structure elucidation, without any derivatization or degradation reaction of the compounds studied. The technique allows unambiguous molecular weight determination of low-microgram amounts of these glycolipids purified from biological sources and provides useful fragmentation information.
Glycolipids↗
Internalization of IgE receptors on rat basophilic leukemic cells by phorbol ester. Comparison with endocytosis induced by receptor aggregation.
Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) can induce a rapid and significant decrease in the expression of IgE receptors on RBL-2H3 cells. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that the down-regulation is due to internalization of receptors. The endocytotic response to PMA shares several characteristics with endocytosis induced by immunochemical aggregation of surface-bound monomeric IgE: the rates of internalization both have a t1/2 of about 5 min, a maximum of 35% of the surface-bound IgE can be endocytosed by the action of PMA (50% by receptor aggregation), endocytosis is sustained for at least up to 60 min, neither stimulus requires extracellular Ca2+ and endocytosis induced by either stimulus is an active process, i.e., is dependent on temperature and cellular energy. Biochemical studies revealed some differences between the endocytotic responses to the two stimuli. After prolonged treatment of cells with dexamethasone, only endocytosis induced by PMA is inhibited. Cells depleted of protein kinase C by prolonged exposure to PMA can sustain a significant endocytotic response to aggregation of IgE receptors, but become completely desensitized to PMA. These data suggest that different biochemical pathways mediate the signals from the two stimuli and that protein kinase C is directly involved in endocytosis induced by PMA but does not have a major role in endocytosis induced by receptor aggregation.
Animals↗
Ureteral irrigation during ureteroscopy: the rapid infusion system.
The use of a rapid infusion system during ureteroscopy has facilitated introduction of the ureteroscope into the ureter and has enhanced the quality of vision, thus, making the procedure more efficient. No complications have been observed with the use of this device.
Anesthesia, Endotracheal↗