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Biomedical subjects

J Richard

Publications and source records attributed to J Richard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effect of semen quality of the electrical current and heat generated during rectal probe electroejaculation.

Rectal probe electroejaculation is effective in procuring sperm from spinal cord injured patients with ejaculatory incompetence. The seminal quality in these patients is usually suboptimal and the motility is almost always low. We conducted an in vitro experiment to determine whether the heat and current generated during rectal probe electroejaculation impaired sperm motility or forward progression, or if the poor semen quality is the result of existing testicular dysfunction.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1991

Determination of diclofenac in plasma using a fully automated analytical system combining liquid-solid extraction with liquid chromatography.

A fully automated analytical system based on liquid-solid extraction combined with column liquid chromatography is described for the determination of diclofenac in plasma. After addition of pH 5 buffer and the internal standard solution to the plasma sample, both sample preparation via a C18 disposable extraction column and injection were performed by a Gilson ASPEC system. Diclofenac and the internal standard were separated on a reversed-phase column, using methanol-pH 7.2 phosphate buffer (56:44, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow-rate of 0.4 ml/min. The reproducibility and accuracy of the method were acceptable over the concentration range 31-3140 nmol/l in plasma.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract associated with well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

The association of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract with well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas has rarely been reported in the literature. We report 10 cases illustrating this occurrence. In eight cases, the thyroid carcinoma was discovered accidentally on histological examination of a single neck node, a neck node dissection specimen, an unexpectedly found thyroid nodule, or a systematically resected thyroid lobe, all during surgical treatment of an upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. In the other two cases, metastatic thyroid neck nodes appeared during the follow-up of a patient with an upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. No case of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas was found during the follow-up of thyroid cancer patients. In most cases, adequate thyroid cancer surgery was performed simultaneously or later. Prognosis was essentially determined by the upper aerodigestive tract cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1991

Association between cigarette smoking and coronary arterial disease in patients in India: how quantitative is it? An assessment by selective coronary arteriography.

With a view to study the association between smoking and coronary arterial disease, and to identify any quantitative relationship, we undertook a cross sectional analysis of 1105 consecutive male patients investigated by selective coronary arteriography to confirm or exclude coronary arterial disease. Pattern and distribution of disease were evaluated in 3 groups of patients who never smoked; who smoked less than 5 cigarettes per day; and who smoked 6 to 60 or more cigarettes per day. Suitable statistical tests, including adjusting for confounders, were carried out. The prevalence of disease was higher amongst smokers even after adjustment for confounders. The number of cigarettes smoked, and whether the smokers had quit, made no difference to the angiographic appearance or extent of disease. There was no difference in the distribution and severity of disease amongst smokers and non-smokers. Rate ratio of disease amongst smokers in India was higher in those patients between 26 and 45 years of age than in other age groups. Smoking could be identified as a risk marker/risk factor that accelerated the disease process in those prone to develop the disease. It may be advantageous to initiate public health and preventive measures directed specifically at the group aged between 26 to 45 years, and later to address all others who smoke.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr); results of a 6 year follow-up study in operable breast cancer with emphasis on the node negative subgroup.

More accurate criteria are required for the selection of patients with node-negative breast cancer for systemic adjuvant therapy. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) has been shown previously to be inversely related to oestrogen receptor (ER) in patients with operable breast cancer and to be associated with a poorer prognosis. Analysis of EGFr and ER was performed on tumour samples from 231 patients with operable breast cancer followed for up to 6 years after surgery. The median duration of follow-up in patients still alive at the time of analysis was 45 months. Thirty-five percent of patients (82) had tumours with greater than 10 fmol mg-1 I125-EGF binding (EGFr+) and 47% (109) and cystolic ER concentrations greater than 5 fmol mg-1 (ER+), with a marked inverse relationship between EGFr and ER (P less than 0.00001). In a univariate analysis EGFr was second only to axillary node status as a prognostic marker for all patients both in terms of relapse-free and overall survival (P less than 0.001, log rank). For patients with histologically negative axillary nodes EGFr was superior to ER in predicting relapse and survival (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.005 respectively compared to P less than 0.1 and P less than 0.1, log rank). In a multivariate (Cox model) analysis only EGFr, out of EGFr, ER, size and grade, was predictive for either relapse-free or overall survival for patients with node-negative disease (P = 0.05 and P = 0.026 respectively). EGFr has been shown to be a marker of poor prognosis for patients with node-negative breast cancer. Since patients with EGFr+ tumours are unlikely to respond to hormone therapy it may be possible to select them for trials of systemic adjuvant chemotherapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Distribution of plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme levels in healthy men: relationship to environmental and hormonal parameters.

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) levels in plasma are stable in a given individual but differ greatly among subjects. To establish the distribution of plasma ACE levels and the mechanisms that are involved in the interindividual variability in this enzyme, plasma ACE has been determined by direct radioimmunoassay in a group of 434 healthy, middle-aged, Caucasian men and compared with several hemodynamic, environmental, and hormonal parameters. The distribution of ACE is assymetric. The interindividual variability is large since ACE levels can differ up to 5.7 times among subjects. No association, however, was observed with candidate environmental or hormonal parameters to explain the interindividual variability in plasma ACE levels. A weak association was observed between ACE and blood pressure. A previous study, conducted in nuclear families, has shown that differences among subjects in plasma ACE levels are, in part, genetically determined. The present study does not reveal other determinants, either hormonal or environmental, of the interindividual variability in this enzyme. The characteristics of the distribution of plasma ACE levels should be considered when a value is interpreted in a given patient.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Demands on tertiary care for cardiovascular diseases in India: analysis of data for 1960-89.

Data on 43,544 consecutive patients with cardiac disorders admitted to one hospital were analysed under four etiological groups to study the changing trend in the demand for tertiary care between 1960 and 1989. While rheumatic fever went down in frequency, rheumatic valvular disease remained at an average of 40% of total cardiac admissions, coronary heart disease steadily increased from 4% in 1960 to about 33% in 1989, and congenital heart cases accounted for 24% of cardiac admissions. While other etiological groups have varied, coronary heart disease has shown an almost linear increase. The demand for cardiac surgery also has risen almost linearly. The implications of these findings on the health needs and health planning in the whole country pose a great challenge to planners.

Cardiac Rehabilitation↗
PubMed1991

Lung function development in Indian men and women during late adolescence and early adulthood--a longitudinal study.

Lung function development was studied in a cohort of Indian men (n = 31) and women (n = 36), over a period of four years during late adolescence and early adulthood. Forced expiratory spirograms and peak expiratory flow rates were recorded at intervals of approximately two years. All volumes and flow rates were higher in men, but volume adjusted flow rates were higher in women. Forced vital capacity (FVC) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were significantly higher in men even after standardizing for age, height and weight. Height and PEF increased significantly in men and women over the four years. Volumes showed a greater increase whereas flow rates and volume adjusted flow rates showed a greater decrease in men. The decline in the forced expiratory flow in the middle half of the FVC (FEF 25-75%) was significantly less in women. These results suggest that although lung size is greater in men, small airway dynamics may be better in young women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Longitudinal study of lung function development in a cohort of Indian medical students: interaction of respiratory allergy and smoking.

This study was done to identify some factors that affect the growth and development of lung function during adolescence and early adulthood. Forced expiratory spirograms and peak expiratory flow rates were obtained in a cohort of normal young men (n = 63) over a period of 4 years, at intervals of approximately 2 years. Two factors that disturbed the normal pattern of lung function development in this group were smoking and respiratory allergy. Among the smokers and the allergics the decline in the forced expiratory volume expressed as a percentage of the forced vital capacity (FEV1%), the forced expiratory flow in the middle half of the forced vital capacity (FEF25-75%) and the FEF25-75% expressed as a ratio of the forced vital capacity (FEF/FVC) was more than double that among the normal subjects. The number of smokers and of allergics increased during the course of the study from 15 to 19 and from 16 to 23 respectively. There was a significant (P less than .01) interaction between smoking and the manifestation of respiratory allergy. Among nonsmokers, the number of allergic subjects increased from 12 to 13, while among smokers it increased from 4 to 10, during the four years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Malformations of the bony labyrinth and deafness].

17 new cases of malformation of the bony labyrinth detected radiologically (tomography, CT) and associated with perceptive or composite deafness are reported. 2 cases discovered in spontaneous or traumatic recurrent meningitis are described, as well as 1 case discovered after the occurrence of total deafness following stapedial surgery. The malformations were unilateral in 7 cases, bilateral in 10. Deafness was of the composite type in 6 cases. An associated malformation of the middle or external ear was noted in 4 cases. 5 cases were included in a context of multiple malformations, including 1 case of otobranchiorenal syndrome, 1 case of Apert's syndrome and 3 cases of craniostenosis. Referring to the classification given by Mrs Vignaud and Jardin, we have encountered 1 case of stage I malformation, 9 cases of stage II, pseudo-Mondini malformation, 1 case of stage III or true Mondini malformation, 1 case of stage IV malformation, 3 cases of malformation of the aqueduct of the vestibule, ie. stage V. We have also encountered 2 isolate cases of stenosis of the internal auditory canal. On the basis of these cases, we report a few physiopathogenetic hypotheses and various classifications currently described in the literature. We also list the various associated external and middle ear malformations and the multiple-malformation syndromes that are commonly described. Stress is laid on the fact that these malformations often go undetected in congenital deafness, as well as on the usual course of these types of deafness for which there is no medical or surgical treatment.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

A novel covalent enzyme-linked immunoassay (CELIA) for simultaneously measuring free and immune complex bound antibodies of defined specificity. I. Application to naturally occurring antipolyamine antibodies in human sera.

A simple covalent enzyme-linked immunoassay procedure (CELIA) is described for the routine determination of free and immune complex-bound antibodies in sera. Assays for the latter could not have been performed by adsorption ELISA due to the high ionic strength of the reassociating buffer. For the measurement in human sera of free naturally occurring IgG and IgM antibody directed against the hapten spermine, polycarboxystyrene microtiter plates with covalently coupled spermine were used. For the determination of immune complex-bound antipolyamine IgG and IgM antibody titers, serum was first dissociated at pH 2.3 in tubes and then reassociated at pH 8.1 in the wells of a microtiter plate containing covalently bound spermine. The reactivity of anti-spermine antibodies was increased from 2- to 13-fold after dissociation and reassociation compared to that of non-dissociated area. The apparent reaction constant (Rapp.) of free IgG antibodies to spermine in the sera of 19 bronchopulmonary patients with cancer differed significantly from Rapp. values of IgG antibodies having this specificity in ten other patients with non-malignant disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Path of bullet and injuries determined by radiography.

Radiography is commonly used to find bullet pathways in forensic pathology. In the case presented here, a man had sustained multiple gunshot wounds and one bullet could not be traced. A radiograph was used to find the bullet and showed an interesting bullet pathway. By observing the bullet pathway on a radiograph, sometimes we can surmise the victim's body posture at the time of an incident.

Firearms↗
PubMed1990

So-called branchiogenic carcinoma is actually cystic metastases in the neck from a tonsillar primary.

In 1974, we reported on six patients with squamous cell carcinoma arising in the tonsillar area who presented with a characteristic form of cystic nodal metastasis. This study reports on an additional 21 patients with this entity. Treatment of these patients included removal of the cystic metastasis with or without radical neck dissection and irradiation of Waldeyer's ring. Two patients have died of unrelated disease and two were lost to follow-up, but the remainder are alive without disease 2 months to 12 years following initial diagnosis. We believe that cystic metastases from tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas have often been mistaken for either primary squamous cell carcinomas of branchiogenic origin or with branchial cleft cysts. The distinctive histological features of cystic metastases reviewed after its correct identification can lead to the discovery of an unsuspected primary lesion and result in specific treatment options.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the adrenal gland.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the adrenal gland was diagnosed in a 64-year-old woman. The histologic and immunohistologic features are characteristic of a large-cell noncleaved lymphoma (B-cell origin). The patient died 3 weeks after right-sided adrenalectomy. The patient's family refused an autopsy.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Intrathoracic Pott's abscesses, radiologic pitfalls for the pneumologist].

The authors have conducted a retrospective study of 200 cases of tuberculous spondylitis, and wish to draw attention to the clinical and, chiefly, radiological aspects of the disease. Intrathoracic Pott's abscesses are principally observed in developing countries but they are not exceptional in France, and their varied semeiology deserves to be described.

Adolescent↗