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Biomedical subjects

J Rice

Publications and source records attributed to J Rice.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Amino-terminal amino acid sequence of beef heart mitochondrial coupling factor B.

Bovine heart mitochondrial coupling factor B was isolated and purified to homogeneity in its active form. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the alkylated protein was determined. Two chains with exactly the same sequence except for the presence of an additional Phe at the amino-terminus on one of them were obtained. The 55 amino acid sequence appears to be largely hydrophilic with several charged amino acid residues. This sequence showed no homology with the E. coli unc operon, oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein, or coupling factor 6 or any protein in the data base.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1990

Risk factors of gastric precancerous lesions in a high-risk Colombian population. II. Nitrate and nitrite.

Gastric nitrite content was studied in relation to precancerous lesions of the stomach in a case-control study conducted in a high-risk Colombian population. The proportion of detectable nitrite in gastric juice and the mean pH were significantly higher among those with precancerous lesions (chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia) than among the controls (normal and superficial gastritis); the proportion and mean pH increased with the progression of histological changes from normal to dysplasia. Nitrite was not detectable in gastric juice with a pH less than 5.0. A positive association was found between the proportion of detectable nitrite and the risk of gastric precancerous lesions. Odds ratios of 4.39 for intestinal metaplasia and 24.72 for dysplasia remained significant after controlling for confounders. This finding suggests that nitrite may be a precursor of a mutagen that targets gastric epithelial cells.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1990

Predicting in-hospital survival of myocardial infarction. A comparative study of various severity measures.

This study reports on the ability of several indices to predict in-hospital survival from acute myocardial infarction. The following indices were included: Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), Medisgroups (MDGRP), Computerized Severity Index (CSI), Patient Management Categories (PMC), Coded Disease Staging (CDS), Ischemic Heart Disease Index (IHDI), and Predictive Index for Myocardial Infarction (PIMI). An arbitrary strategy of predicting that all patients will live was also applied and correctly classified 78% of the cases. Severity indices improve these predictions by up to 6% more. Comparison of relative accuracy of the indices showed that all indices were more accurate than PIMI and, for medically treated patients, CSI was more accurate than MDGRP, CDS, APACHE II, and IHDI. There were no other statistically significant difference in the predictive ability of remaining indices. Indices based on discharge abstracts were as accurate as some of the indices based on physiologic variables, in particular PMC was as accurate as CSI, MDGRP, APACHE, and IHDI, and CDS was as accurate as MDGRP, APACHE, and IHDI. This study was limited in scope and application and should not be generalized to other settings until additional data confirm the findings. We discuss the implications of these findings for measuring quality of care and suggest improvements for design of future severity indices.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ocular effects and detection in tears of aerosolized intranasal cocaine and fluorescein.

Ocular effects of intranasal cocaine were investigated. Twenty-nine outpatients from an otolaryngology clinic received 1 mL of aerosolized cocaine 4% (40mg) in each nostril. Intraocular pressure, corneal sensitivity, pupil size, and tear cocaine concentration were assessed before and after cocaine administration. Pupil size was unchanged; intraocular pressure increased in 75% of patients (not statistically significant). Corneal sensitivity decreased by 11% (P less than .05). Cocaine, however, was not detectable in tears using high-performance liquid chromatography. Since corneal sensitivity decreases after intranasal cocaine administration, it may travel retrograde through the nasolacrimal duct. In addition, three pathways of pharmacologic absorption using fluorescein were explored because of its ease of detection. We measured tear fluorescein concentrations in five patients undergoing intravenous angiograms with fluorescein 25% and in six patients who received aerosolized fluorescein 2% intranasally. Fluorescein concentration was 29 times higher per mg dose in intranasal subjects. This finding suggests that reflux occurs through the nasolacrimal duct.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1989

Genetic analysis of the affective disorders: summary of GAW5.

Participants in the Affective Disorders component of Genetic Analysis Workshop 5 had access to five distributed data sets: 1) 187 families from the Collaborative Depression Study, 2) 202 families ascertained as part of the NIMH Family Studies on Affective Disorders, 3) a compilation of 46 pedigrees informative for X-linked markers, 4) HLA typing on 116 kindreds from the Toronto-Rochester Depression Study, and 5) 81 members of an Old Order Amish pedigree demonstrating linkage to markers on chromosome 11p. These databases are each summarized after a brief account is given of the genetics of the affective disorders and commonly used diagnoses. The emphasis of the Workshop was methodologic, with contributions divided evenly between linkage and nonlinkage applications. Contributions are summarized under four substantive areas: regressive logistic models, segregation and other familial analyses, methodologic considerations in linkage analysis, and the relationship between HLA and affective disorders.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1989

NIMH Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression: clinical.

As part of the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Program of Depression study, data were collected on 2,225 first-degree relatives of 612 probands. A subset consisting of 187 families of bipolar patients was made available to participants of Genetic Analysis Workshop 5 (GAW5). A description of these data, including sample sizes, diagnoses, and a summary of published analyses, is given.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Segregation and linkage analyses of bipolar and major depressive illnesses in multigenerational pedigrees.

Data were collected on six large multigenerational pedigrees, four ascertained through a proband with major depression and two ascertained through a proband with a bipolar form of illness. Diagnoses were made using the SADS-L structured interview and Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). Complex segregation analyses were conducted on the bipolar and the major depression pedigree sets using a model allowing for both major locus and polygenic inheritance; in these analyses a variety of diagnostic schemes and assumptions concerning the lifetime population prevalence were examined. Linkage analyses on standard markers were conducted using parameters for transmission of susceptibility to illness derived from the segregation analyses. Results of the segregation analyses were quite sensitive to the diagnostic and prevalence assumptions. In the pedigrees ascertained through probands with a bipolar form of illness, we were unable to discriminate between major gene and polygenic inheritance. The data were compatible with Mendelian major gene transmission of susceptibility to illness when bipolar and schizoaffective manic diagnoses were considered as affected and the lifetime population prevalence was between 0.04 and 0.06. Outside this narrow prevalence range, or when additional diagnoses, such as major depression or hypomania, were included as expressions of liability to disease, major gene transmission of susceptibility to disease could be rejected. Similarly, in the pedigrees ascertained through probands with major depression, it was not generally possible to discriminate between major gene and polygenic transmission of susceptibility to illness. For a diagnostic scheme including only major depression as a manifestation of susceptibility to illness, there was a narrow range of lifetime population prevalence values (female prevalence ranging from 0.20 to 0.25, male prevalence set to 1/2 female prevalence) which yielded results compatible with major gene transmission. Linkage analyses for all markers yielded negative or inconclusive results. In one bipolar pedigree a lod score of 1.65 was found with a marker in chromosome 1 recommending further studies of this chromosome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Rapid isolation of morbillivirus nucleocapsid for genomic RNA cDNA cloning and the production of specific core protein antisera.

A procedure is described for the rapid isolation of canine distemper virus nucleocapsid, free from contaminating viral non-core and host cellular proteins. Nucleocapsid isolated in this manner is amenable to ultrastructural evaluation, protein isolation for the production of monospecific hyperimmune serum, and genomic RNA isolation for cDNA cloning. Nucleocapsid (NC) and a defective NC variant (Df-NC) isolated from 5.5 x 10(7) Vero cells infected with Ond-CDV is readily visualized on cesium gradients. The calculated density for NC is 1.2976 +/- 0.0033 g/ml and 1.2458 +/- 0.0056 g/ml for Df-NC. Ultrastructurally, NC appears as long uninterrupted strands, 1.6 +/- 0.1 microns in length, 21.2 +/- 1.7 nm in diameter, with well defined capsid subunits. Df-NC are truncated with a uniform length of 85.8 +/- 7.1 nm and a 24.5 +/- 1.3 nm diameter. A total of 2.1 +/- 0.2 mu of NC protein is obtained for every 1 x 10(6) cells infected; 89.7% of this mass is represented by a 61 kDa protein (N), 8.4% by a 75 kDa protein (P), and 1.9% by a 160-200 kDa protein (L), which is in agreement with the NC constituency of other paramyxoviruses. Viral N and P proteins, purified by 7.5% SDS-PAGE, were used in the production of hyperimmune serum. Specificity was demonstrated by Western blot analysis. Both antisera were capable of detecting viral antigen in persistently and lytically CDV infected cells by indirect immunofluorescence. A single high molecular weight species of nucleic acid was isolated from purified nucleocapsids compatible with a 14.6 kb morbillivirus genome. Although the efficiency of RNA extraction from purified NC was low (14.2%), sufficient RNA was obtained for gel analysis and the establishment of genomic RNA cDNA clones.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1989

Isolation and characterization of canine distemper virus nucleocapsid variants.

Nucleocapsid (NC) variants expressed by the Onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus (CDV) were ultrastructurally and biochemically characterized. Three isolated variants were defined which corresponded to the three variants observed within the cytoplasm of infected cells. Dense NC (D-NC), isolated on discontinuous caesium chloride (CsCl) isopycnic gradients, had an average density of 1.2971 +/- 0.0042 g/ml. Ultrastructurally, D-NC were 1620.0 +/- 112.1 nm in length with a 20.1 +/- 1.3 nm outer and a 5.8 +/- 0.7 nm inner core diameter. The D-NC protein composition was 89.7% of a 61K protein (N), 8.4% of a 75K protein (P) and 1.9% of a 160K to 200K protein (L). A single species of nucleic acid, 15 kb in length, was isolated from D-NC. Light NC (L-NC), similarly isolated, had an average density of 1.2894 +/- 0.0040 g/ml. L-NC differed ultrastructurally from D-NC in that poor resolution of NC subunits, a larger outer diameter (32.0 +/- 2.8 nm), and a greater inner core diameter (10.4 +/- 0.6 nm) were observed. The average L-NC strand length was 1574.4 +/- 115.8 nm. The protein composition was the same as D-NC with the exception of an additional 70K protein, representing 4.0 to 7.7% of the total L-NC protein mass. A 15 kb nucleic acid was also identified in L-NC, although heightened sensitivity of encapsidated L-NC nucleic acid to non-specific nuclease degradation was observed. The ratio of D-NC to L-NC isolated from individual virus preparations varied and was independent of viral infectivity. A third NC variant, defective-NC (Df-NC), was also identified. This had the lowest density on CsCl gradients (1.2460 +/- 0.0046 g/ml). The Df-NC structures were truncated to a uniform length of 87.0 +/- 5.8 nm. Diameter measurements were between those of D-NC and L-NC, being 24.4 +/- 1.4 nm (outer) and 6.9 +/- 0.4 nm (inner core). Like L-NC, the 70K protein was present but in greater amounts, representing as much as 43.7% of the total Df-NC protein mass. RNase A-sensitive nucleic acid was isolated from Df-NC which ranged in size from 1.16 to 0.67 kb with a majority of the material being 0.86 kb in length. For both L-NC and Df-NC, canine CDV convalescent serum reacted with viral N and P proteins in Western blot analyses but not with the 70K protein, suggesting a host cellular origin for the latter.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Determining zygosity in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry: an approach using questionnaires.

The Vietnam Era Twin Registry (VETR) is a registry of 7375 American male veteran twin pairs born between 1939 and 1955 who served in the armed forces of the United States between 1964 and 1975. Optimal use of registry data requires the determination of zygosity. Two approaches are available: analysis of blood genetic marker systems and responses of twins to questions about sibling similarity. Zygosity for the VETR was determined using the questionnaire technique supplemented with blood group typing data abstracted from military records. After comparing four alternative zygosity assignment methods, a logistic regression technique which uses discriminating variables based on race was selected. The approach is similar to that described by Magnus et al. (1983) in their study of Norwegian twins, suggesting that questionnaire responses are independent of nationality and reinforcing the reliability of the questionnaire method for zygosity ascertainment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Gastric, duodenal, and pancreatic somatostatin-like immunoreactivity during hypovolemic shock.

Because hypovolemic shock is known to cause gastric ulcers in animals and human beings, we investigated the tissue levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the gastric corpus and antrum, duodenum, and pancreas during hypovolemic shock in rats. We studied male Wistar rats (N = 10 each) 15 min, 2 hr, and 12 hr after hypovolemic shock and compared results to a control group (N = 15). Two rats in both 2-hr and 12-hr groups showed gastric ulcers: three corporal and one antral. One animal developed multiple ulcers. In the gastric corpus and antrum and in the duodenum, tissue SLI showed significant decrease 15 min and 2 hr after shock. Gastric SLI remained low, whereas duodenal SLI recovered and rose above control level at 12 hr. Pancreatic SLI showed no significant changes during hypovolemic shock. Gastric tissue SLI levels that were significantly lower after shock than those of normal controls may have contributed to the peptic ulcer disease induced by hypovolemic shock in this experimental model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Familial resemblance in energy intake: contribution of genetic and environmental factors.

Total energy intake and intakes of carbohydrate, fat, and protein as well as the percentage of energy derived from these nutrients were calculated from a 3-d dietary record in 1597 subjects living in 375 families of French descent. Familial correlations were computed in pairs of biological relatives and relatives by adoption and used in the path-analysis BETA model to determine the contribution of genetic and nongenetic factors in the familial resemblance observed in energy intake. No significant genetic effect was found for intake of any nutrient tested (h2 less than or equal to 11%) and cultural inheritance was found to be more important than genetic inheritance. Nontransmitted environmental factors, including home environmental effects, were found to account for more than 50% of the variation observed in the energy-intake components. These results suggest that the average genetic influence on nutrient intake is negligible and that nongenetic effects associated mainly with home environmental effects are the major affecters of energy intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Analysis of C3 deposition and degradation on bacterial surfaces after opsonization.

C3b and iC3b, opsonic fragments of C3, interact with specific receptors on phagocytic cells. After bacterial opsonization, C3 fragments were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western blotting, and immunodetection. For bacteria opsonized in 50% pooled human serum (PHS), C3 deposition and cleavage to iC3b occurred rapidly. C3b, iC3b, and C3d made up 17%, 64%, and 19%, respectively, of the C3 on Staphylococcus aureus and 53%, 44%, and 2% respectively, on Escherichia coli. Residual C3b was refractory to factor I cleavage, an occurrence enabling alternative pathway activation to continue. C3 deposited was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; with 50% PHS, greater than 50% and 90% of total C3 deposition occurred within 5 and 10 min, respectively. With a lower percentage of PHS, maximal deposition required up to 60 min and was not achieved in less than 10% PHS. Ester-bound fragments represented 34% and 82% of covalently bound C3 on S. aureus and E. coli, respectively.

Amides↗