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Biomedical subjects

J Rhodes

Publications and source records attributed to J Rhodes.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

An oral preparation to release drugs in the human colon.

1 A colonic delivery system is described to deliver orally ingested drugs to the colon and release them at that site by coating with an acrylic based resin (Eudragit S). The technique is validated using X-ray evidence and serum levels of a convenient marker, sulphapyridine. 2 This colonic delivery system is particularly suitable for drugs such as 5-amino salicylic acid or steroids in the management of patients with colitis.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed1982

Inhibition of herpes simplex virus multiplication by activated macrophages: a role for arginase?

Proteose-peptone-activated mouse macrophages can prevent productive infection by herpes simplex virus in neighboring cells in vitro whether or not those cells belong to the same animal species. The effect does not require contact between the macrophages and the infected cells, may be prevented by adding extra arginine to the medium, and may be reversed when extra arginine is added 24 h after the macrophages. Arginase activity was found both intracellularly and released from the macrophages. The extracellular enzyme is quite stable; 64% activity was found after 48 h of incubation at 37 degrees C in tissue culture medium. No evidence was found that the inefficiency of virus replication in macrophages was due to self-starvation by arginase. As might be predicted macrophages can, by the same mechanism, limit productive infection by vaccinia virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Guaiacol -- a new compound in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux?

The effects on the oesophagus of an aromatic oil, guaiacol, has been examined in a group of 20 patients with reflux oesophagitis and also normal volunteers. This agent produced a rapid and sustained rise in resting lower oesophageal sphincter pressures and the peristaltic pressures induced in response to swallowing liquids. This compound may prove useful in the treatment of patients with reflux oesophagitis and other disorders of oesophageal motility.

Esophagitis, Peptic↗
PubMed1982

Diagnosis of oesophageal spasm by ergometrine provocation.

Oesophageal spasm may mimic the pain of myocardial ischaemia. Forty-two patients who were thought to have angina until investigations failed to show any cardiovascular abnormality, were examined for oesophageal disease. Ergometrine provocation during oesophageal manometry caused significant deterioration in oesophageal motility, associated with familiar pain, in 24 patients. Ten age-matched controls were examined in a similar way and ergometrine produced motility changes in four and pain in two. Six volunteers with coronary artery stenosis and exercise-induced angina did not develop oesophageal motility changes during the pain. Ergometrine provocation is useful in establishing the diagnosis of oesophageal spasm in patients with recurrent angina-like pain but no cardiac abnormality.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1982

Atopic disease in the Hong Kong Chinese.

One hundred and sixty Chinese men and 96 women resident in Hong Kong completed a questionnaire about atopic disease and their responses were compared with replies from 500 Britons. Asthma and hayfever were less common in the Chinese and this could not be attributed to medical awareness as the results were similar in Chinese surgical patients and Chinese medical students. The role of heredity and environment may be assessed by studying Chinese people who have moved to Britain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An international study of mortality from inflammatory bowel disease.

The mortality rates from inflammatory bowel disease were compared for the period 1965-1975 in 12 different countries. Mortality was greatest in north-western Europe and least in the southern hemisphere in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. In seven of the countries, mortality from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were recorded separately and, during the period, mortality from Crohn's disease increased in all but one country, in contrast to ulcerative colitis where a fall occurred in each country. In those countries where one of the disease was common, the other was usually also common. The findings suggest that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may have some common aetiological factors and the country of residence is more important than race.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1982

Interferon-induced changes in the monocyte membrane: inhibition by retinol and retinoic acid.

The effects of human interferon-beta on human peripheral blood monocyte function were examined in vitro. Interferon-beta was shown to increase substantially the expression of both Fc gamma receptors and HLA-DR antigens defined by monoclonal antibody. Retinol and retinoic acid were found to be antagonistic to these effects of interferon and physiological concentrations were sufficient to inhibit changes in the monocyte membrane induced by relatively high concentrations of interferon.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1982

Malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease: an anthropometric study.

Although malnutrition is common in Crohn's disease, some features are often overlooked. We have examined the value of simple anthropometric measurements in identifying the patients who were likely to have clinical features of malnutrition. Measurements were performed in 106 patients with Crohn's disease, 106 with ulcerative colitis and 106 healthy controls; all measurements were significantly reduced in patients with Crohn's disease (P less than 0.01) compared with controls and colitis patients who had similar measurements. Patients with Crohn's disease most severely affected had diffuse small bowel disease or recurrent disease following surgery. Those who had previous resections but no recurrence were similar to controls. Crohn's patients with colonic and ano-rectal disease were similar to patients with colitis. Anthropometry provides a simple method of documenting the nutritional status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and helps to identify those with both clinical and biochemical features of malnutrition.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The median-ulnar anastomosis (Martin-Gruber) in normal and congenitally abnormal fetuses.

The median-ulnar anastomosis (Martin-Gruber) of the forearm was present in 15% of the normal fetuses dissected. Among the congenitally abnormal fetuses, all the cases of trisomy 21 had the anastomosis in both forearms. The anastomosis is usually between the anterior interosseous nerve and the ulnar nerve and could be classified into six basic patterns.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Diet in Crohn's disease two studies of current and previous habits in newly diagnosed patients.

The consumption of sugar and sugar-containing foods in 32 patients with recently diagnosed Crohn's disease was significantly greater than in matched controls; the assessment was made by a questionnaire and depended upon patients recalling their eating habits. In a further study of 16 patients with Crohn's disease, all food eaten over 5 days was weighed and recorded, and no significant difference was found in the consumption of carbohydrate, protein, fats, or sugars, although the consumption of "added sugars" in patients was greater than controls. Patients who participated in both studies significantly reduced their intake of added sugar, and this was not found to correlate with either total intake of monosaccharides and disaccharides or the total carbohydrate consumption. The increased consumption of added sugar in patients with Crohn's disease does not appear to be related to other dietary abnormalities and may simply reflect a deficiency in perception of sweet taste in patients with this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

How often does the gut cause anginal pain?

Gastrointestinal disease imitates angina quite commonly and the oesophagus is usually responsible, both in patients presenting as emergencies and also in those who have been extensively investigated for apparent angina. A questionnaire study of 22 patients with oesophageal spasm and 15 patients with coronary artery disease failed to show any feature that discriminates reliably between these groups.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion with a mast cell stabiliser, FPL-52694.

1 The effect on gastric acid secretion of a mast cell stabiliser FPL-52694 was examined in nine healthy volunteers. 2 The compound which is moderately well absorbed after oral ingestion, was taken for 5 days prior to the measurement of acid secretion and was also given intravenously during part of the gastric test. A submaximal dose of pentagastrin (0.3 microgram/kg/h) was given by intravenous infusion for 2 h in a controlled test and then after administration of FPL-52694. 3 There was a significant reduction (37%) in acid secretion during the second test which was probably due to the effect of the compound on mast cell degranulation in the gastric mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum and salivary immunoglobulin A and free secretory component in ulcerative colitis.

Patients with ulcerative colitis have been investigated for evidence of defects in secretory immunity. Total serum IgA concentration, serum IgA antibody titres to Candida albicans, salivary IgA and free secretory component concentrations have been measured in thirty-six patients with ulcerative colitis and thirty-six normal controls. None of the parameters was significantly different between patients with proctitis and patients with extensive colitis or between the colitis patients and normal controls.

Adolescent↗