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Biomedical subjects

J Reynolds

Publications and source records attributed to J Reynolds.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Comparison of cefazolin, cefamandole, vancomycin, and LY146032 for prophylaxis of experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis.

We evaluated antibiotic prophylaxis in the rabbit model of experimental endocarditis with three strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis of differing susceptibility patterns. For the first strain, which was highly susceptible to methicillin and cephalosporins, vegetations grew S. epidermidis for all 15 untreated rabbits compared with 1 of 20 rabbits receiving cefazolin, 3 of 20 receiving cefamandole, none of 20 receiving vancomycin, and none of 20 receiving LY146032. For the second strain, which was methicillin resistant but cephalosporin susceptible, vegetations were positive for 14 of 15 untreated controls, 4 of 20 receiving cefazolin, 5 of 22 receiving cefamandole, none of 20 receiving vancomycin, and none of 20 receiving LY146032. For the third strain, which was methicillin resistant and only intermediately susceptible to cephalosporin antibiotics, vegetation cultures were positive for 15 of 17 untreated controls, 14 of 21 receiving cefazolin, 11 of 20 receiving cefamandole, 5 of 20 receiving vancomycin, and 0 of 22 receiving LY146032. In conclusion, these studies in the endocarditis model indicate that cefazolin and cefamandole have some protective value against certain strains of S. epidermidis. Vancomycin and LY146032, however, were more active than cephalosporins for all three strains included in this analysis. These findings support the need for trials of vancomycin and LY146032 prophylaxis in patients undergoing placement of prosthetic heart valves.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Successful treatment of Pseudomonas peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Successful eradication of Pseudomonas peritonitis is described in 12 (57%) of 21 cases from a large continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program at a tertiary care center. In successful cases, cure was achieved within 17 days using therapy which included aminoglycoside started routinely at the onset of symptoms and an antipseudomonal penicillin or cephalosporin derivative added as soon as pseudomonas infection was identified on culture. Of the 9 treatment failures which required catheter removal, 2 had failure of peritoneal drainage, 4 had infection with multiple and/or drug-resistant Pseudomonas strains, and 3 had persistent catheter tunnel infection which resulted in recurrent Pseudomonas peritonitis. Factors such as diabetes mellitus and pediatric age group did not prevent successful medical therapy. Predisposing factors favoring development of Pseudomonas peritonitis included technical failures and in a few cases recent antibiotic therapy. We conclude that Pseudomonas peritonitis complicating CAPD can be successfully cured without catheter removal or discontinuation of CAPD in many cases, particularly when complicating factors are not present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A re-evaluation of the function of the bursa of Fabricius.

We will briefly outline mammalian B cell ontogeny to provide a comparison with the avian model. The earliest defined stage of mammalian B cell development is the pre-B cell (itself derived from a multipotent stem cell) which expresses heavy chains within the cytoplasm and is a large, rapidly dividing cell. This cell drops out of division, reduces in size and, over about 24 hours, rearranges Ig light chain V region gene. As a consequence of light chain rearrangement and expression, intact IgM is expressed on the cell surface and the cell leaves the bone marrow as a small virgin B lymphocyte with the capacity to respond to antigen (Opstelten and Osmond 1983). This pathway occurs throughout the life of the animal and so there is constant production of B cells from the bone marrow which are recently derived from sIg- precursors, which have, in turn, recently rearranged their Ig V region genes. Thus there is a constant influx of new V region gene combinations into the peripheral mammalian B cell pool. Furthermore, the mammalian B cell repertoire is very large with estimated germ line diversity approaching 5 X 10(7) as a consequence of various germ-line V region recombinations (Honjo 1983). The pre-bursal stem cell is present in the periphery of the embryo from before day 8 to about day 16 - 17 of embryonation. Most colonisation of bursal follicles probably occurs prior to day 13. Individual bursal follicles are populated by a low number (2-3) of precursor cells. These rapidly become committed for the expression of particular V region genes, probably as a consequence of productive V region recombination. This recombination is restricted to the embryo and may not require the bursal microenvironment for its induction. The available germ-line repertoire of heavy and light chain V region in the chicken is very limited and little diversity can be generated from this initial recombination event (see Weill et al 1986). By day 12 of embryonation, sIg+ cells are present in the bursa and from this time sIg+ cells rapidly divide within the medulla of the bursal follicle. By about day 18 of embryonation, there are no pre-bursal cells in the periphery and sIg+ cells begin to seed from the bursa. It is from about this time that the cortex appears within the bursal follicle and it is tempting to suggest that cells migrate from the medulla to the cortex where further cell division occurs prior to export into the periphery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The bovine papillomavirus replicon.

The bovine papillomavirus genome contains two cis-acting sequences which can serve as signals for replication. At least three virally encoded genes seem to be involved in plasmid replication: E6, E6/7 and E1. Mutations in either the E6 or the E7 open reading frame create plasmids that are maintained at a low copy number per cell. Mutations in the E1 open reading frame are absolutely lethal to replication. Complementation experiments show that these mutations define separate genes. Experiments are described which show that cells harbouring plasmids with mutations in either the E6 or the E7 open reading frame acquire an immunity to high copy-number plasmids. We suggest that either the cell or the virus encodes a repressor. The positive action of E6 and E6/7 modulates the activity of this repressor to allow for the high copy-number state. Though the viral oncogenes are capable of transforming cells separately when they are expressed as part of certain recombinant DNA expression systems, it is clear that, in the context of the entire viral replicon, interactions between the transforming functions and replication functions must exist.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Encephalopathy in renovascular hypertension associated with the use of oral contraceptives.

Two female patients aged 19 years and 27 years presented with hypertensive encephalopathy and were subsequently found to have renal artery stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia. Both patients had had normal blood pressures recorded within the previous 6 months whilst taking the oral contraceptive pill. Their neurological state returned to normal with hypertensive control and in one case the hypertension was cured by dilatation of the renal artery stenosis by balloon angioplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: a review of thirty-six cases.

Thirty-six patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors were treated between 1972 and 1983, including 16 with immature teratoma, five with endodermal sinus tumor, seven with dysgerminoma, and eight with mixed germ cell tumors. The median age at presentation was 18 years and mean primary tumor diameter was 18 cm. Twenty-five of the 27 patients who were treated with multiple-agent chemotherapy underwent second-look procedures, only two of which revealed persistent malignancy. No patients have developed recurrence after a negative second-look operation. Two of the three patients with failure of initial chemotherapeutic regimens had complete remissions with second regimens. Two patients have died of malignancy, one who presented with a Stage IA mixed germ cell tumor and one noncompliant patient with a Stage IA, grade 2 immature teratoma. The other 34 patients are alive without evidence of disease from 21 to 141 months, with a median follow-up of 68 months. These data confirm that multiple-agent chemotherapy has dramatically improved the prognosis for patients with malignant nondysgerminomatous ovarian germ cell tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Factors which differentiate smokers from ex-smokers among cardiovascular patients: a discriminant analysis.

A retrospective analysis of smoking behavior among hospitalized, cardiovascular patients was conducted in order to describe factors which differentiate smokers from ex-smokers. Ex-smokers were defined as smokers who abstained from smoking for at least 6 months prior to admission to the hospital. A multifactor model of variables related to smoking cessation was tested utilizing a survey instrument which measured health beliefs, health locus of control, a standardized measure of stress (habits of nervous tension), social supports and tendency to utilize social and over-the-counter medication. Social support for cessation measured as the degree of disapproval of smoking by the respondents social network and belief in susceptibility to the smoking--disease linkage were the factors which most highly differentiated smokers and ex-smokers among the respondents. The standardized measure of stress did not differentiate the groups. The efficacy of routine health counselling concerning negative effects of smoking by health professionals and the encouragement and structuring of social supports for smoking cessation among high risk populations should be further investigated as an alternative or adjunct to more elaborate and formal programs of smoking cessation.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate three surgical approaches to the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis. A review of 107 surgically treated cases were used to select a group of patients who met the following criteria: No previous spine surgery, no involvement in litigation, and no significant lesions at other levels of the spine. Adequate follow-up. The selected group of 47 surgically treated cases of degenerative spondylolisthesis had follow-up of 2-7 years. Three surgical approaches to the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis were analyzed. A relatively small patient group with a wide posterior decompression, at the level of the slip, sacrificing the articular processes had good to excellent results in only 33% of the cases. A second group with a midline posterior decompression with preservation of the articular processes had 80% good to excellent results after 2 years. The third group with a midline decompression and preservation of the articular processes had an added intertransverse process fusion between the olisthetic levels. This group had 90% good to excellent results. The conclusion is that a posterior decompression with preservation of the articular processes plus a transverse process fusion at the involved level is the preferred method of treatment for degenerative spondylolisthesis without regard to age.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Circadian rhythm of HMG-CoA reductase and insulin in African green monkeys.

HMG-CoA reductase in hepatic microsomes and serum insulin display circadian rhythm in two strains of Cercopethicus aethiops. Grivets develop higher levels of serum cholesterol than vervets fed cholesterol. Males (n = 20/gp) were adapted to a light cycle (7:30 a.m.-8:30 p.m.) for 60 days and fed a non-cholesterol diet at 8:30 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Vervet acrophase, reductase activity was synchronized to serum insulin units with a specific activity of 1480 pmol/min/mg protein changing by 7.5-fold from nadir to acrophase. The activity profile in grivets was asynchronous to vervet fluctuations with peaks at 12 noon (160 pmol/min/mg) and 6 p.m. (275 pmol/min/mg). Insulin levels also peaked near these times. The 24-h reductase activity was over 4 times greater in vervet than grivet livers. The similar rhythmic patterns of reductase and insulin support the notion that insulin plays an important role in the rhythm of HMG-CoA reductase in primates.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Tips for effective merger planning.

There are many emotionally-charged issues that must be confronted when two hospitals decide to merge, from board membership to what clinical services to offer and where. The author discusses the major concerns that usually arise when a merger is being planned and how the adoption of a guiding set of principles at the outset of the process can resolve many of the immediate issues while protecting the interests of each institution.

Health Facilities↗