Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Renshaw

Publications and source records attributed to J Renshaw.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The Wilms tumour (WT1) gene is mutated in a secondary leukaemia in a WAGR patient.

The Wilms tumour (WT1) gene was first localized through its deletion in individuals with the WAGR syndrome (Wilms tumour, aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities and mental retardation). Such individuals have a 30-50% lifetime risk of developing Wilms tumour and carry constitutional interstitial deletions of chromosome 11p13, including the WT1 gene. Second primary tumours occurring in such individuals might also be related to their genetic predisposition to cancer, as shown for hereditary retinoblastoma. We have found a mutation in the zinc finger region of the remaining WT1 allele in a case of acute myeloid leukaemia developing in a Wilms tumour survivor with the WAGR syndrome. This mutation would be predicted to disrupt DNA binding by this developmentally regulated transcription factor. This finding implicates the WT1 gene in the regulation of myelopoiesis and suggests that WT1 mutations may be found in some sporadic leukaemias.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Dental pay in the 21st century.

The current debate on our pay system sparked off by the elegant dissertation by David Watson-James (BDJ, October 24 1992) has been welcomed by those of us in the profession who try to see past the size of our next monthly schedule. Having spent the last eight years as a member of the Representative Board of the BDA and the last four as a member of GDSC, perhaps I may be forgiven for being more than a little cynical when listening to discussions concerning the NHS/GDS and dentists' pay and conditions of (self-)employment.

Fees, Dental↗
PubMed1993

A comparison of speech discrimination with cochlear implants and tactile aids.

This study investigates patterns of speech discrimination in profoundly hearing-impaired children who have received cochlear implants or tactile aids. The change/no change procedure was used to assess speech discrimination in these children. Three groups of subjects were tested: the first group used 3M/House single-channel cochlear implants; the second group used Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implants; and the third group used two-channel Tactaid II+ vibrotactile aids. Nine contrasts were constructed that assessed discrimination of suprasegmental and segmental speech features. Subjects were presented with stimulus trials in which stimuli changed during the trial or in which stimuli remained the same. Hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections were tallied and d' values were calculated for individual subjects for each contrast. Results indicated that different patterns of speech discrimination are provided by the three sensory prosthetic devices. For all contrasts, mean discrimination performance with the Nucleus device was better than that observed for the other two devices, despite the shorter duration of subject experience with this cochlear implant. In addition, interactions between device and speech contrast were not observed. Examination of individual subject performance revealed that each device group had a distribution of good to poor performers. The results suggest that the change/no change procedure is able to provide information regarding speech perception through sensory prosthetic devices despite existing differences in vocabulary and language skills of subjects.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

Pilot study of records of shared care for people with mental illnesses.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a record of shared care to be held by the patient designed to increase the effectiveness of long term care of patients with severe mental illness. DESIGN: Questionnaires completed by medical staff, community psychiatric nurse, and patients to evaluate the shared care record. SETTING: General practices, a psychiatric outpatient clinic, and a mental health resource centre in south east London. PATIENTS: 84 Patients held shared care records over an 18 month period. They were selected by general practitioners, a psychiatrist, or a community psychiatric nurse, the criterion being that their care was shared between the general practitioner and the psychiatrist or community psychiatric nurse. Patients who had been admitted to hospital several times with short remissions were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess their views on the acceptability, usefulness, and problems of the shared care record. A questionnaire for health staff was designed to identify patients for whom the shared care record was most and least appropriate. It also assessed the patients' compliance and the way the record affected communication between all concerned. RESULTS: Patients found the shared care records very acceptable and were enthusiastic about their use. They valued being consulted about what was recorded and found the record of their treatment and progress useful. Patients also thought that they were in a better position to challenge their doctor. Those least likely to comply were people with severe paranoia. The acceptability of the record to patients greatly exceeded that to the psychiatrists and nurse managers, none of whom were interested in using the record. Communication among health staff was greatly improved by the shared care record, and it facilitated the identification of potentially dangerous drug interactions. CONCLUSIONS: Shared care records were acceptable to patients with severe mental illnesses, increased the patients' autonomy, and improved communication and the effectiveness of shared care. Obstacles to further development of this approach relate to the attitudes, perceptions, and anxieties of the doctors, nurses, and managers and can be overcome.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

Priority for health.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of sensory aids in deaf children.

A speech perception hierarchy has been developed and applied to assess the influence of cochlear implants and tactile aids on the acquisition of auditory, speech, and language skills in deaf children. Encouraging improvements were noted with both types of sensory aids at the detection level. The House 3M and Nucleus cochlear implant designs appear to offer advantages over the Tactaid II in providing ancillary speech perception cues to deaf children. Preliminary observations suggest that the multichannel cochlear implant design may be superior to the single-channel coding scheme.

Auditory Threshold↗
PubMed1984

Two channels for flicker in the human visual system.

The human visual system contains a large number of narrowly-tuned spatial-frequency-specific channels. Does it contain an analogous set of channels tuned to a narrow range of temporal frequency? On the basis of data gathered with the use of a threshold elevation technique it is argued that human sensitivity to flicker can be accounted for by assuming the existence of just two filters, one a low-pass filter peaking gently at around 6 Hz and one a band-pass filter peaking at around 9 Hz. Similar data gathered from studies of interocular transfer suggest that at least some of the mechanisms involved are binocular, rather than being purely monocular as has previously been suggested.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1980

Intracellular nucleotide pools and their significance in antimetabolite therapy.

The regulatory properties of several ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides are outlined as a basis for a discussion of the modes of action of selected antimetabolites. Particular attention is devoted both to the perturbations induced by these agents in nucleotide pools and to the stability of endogenous pools as determinants of cytotoxicity. Attempts to modulate the activites of antimetabolites, either with specific nucleic acid presursors, or with other agents are discussed briefly.

3-Deazauridine↗
PubMed1979

The Münsterberg illusion and 'irradiation'.

The Münsterberg illusion is a compelling phenomenon for which there is no generally accepted explanation. It is suggested that two different contour-shifting effects operate in this illusion, and these are named the 'symmetrical effect' and the 'corner effect' respectively. It is further suggested that both of these effects are caused by 'irradiation', and an attempt is made to cast some light upon the phenomenon of irradiation, which is itself only poorly understood.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term health problems and community care.

The development of comprehensive local community services is patchy. If people with mental health problems are to receive appropriate and effective care, the resources need to be distributed differently, coordinated more effectively and focused on those with severe and long-term problems.

Chronic Disease↗