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Biomedical subjects

J Reid

Publications and source records attributed to J Reid.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Serum LDH and LDH isoenzymes in chronic renal failure: effect of hemodialysis.

Serum levels of several commonly measured enzymes are abnormal in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In the present study we measured serum total LDH activity and LDH isoenzymes in a group of 25 ESRD patients shortly before, during, and immediately after hemodialysis. Baseline serum total LDH activity in the ESRD group was midly but significantly higher than that found in the normal control group. The observed elevation was associated with an isomorphic pattern. Single passage of blood through the extracorporeal apparatus led to a rise in total LDH, LDH-3, LDH-2 and LDH-4, a pattern consistent with release from the platelets. A steady increase was noted in total LDH, LDH-5 and LDH-1 of arterial blood during hemodialysis. This was thought to be due to ultrafiltration-induced hemoconcentration, enzyme release from the formed elements within the extracorporeal circuit and complement-mediated leukocyte activation and pulmonary leukostasis. These observations should be taken into consideration with regards to interpretation of LDH and LDH isoenzyme values and proper time of blood sampling in ESRD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Use of a bioprosthesis to relieve tension in oesophageal anastomosis: an experimental study.

Collagen-coated Vicryl mesh was assessed as a prosthetic repair material in the oesophagus of growing piglets. In a group of six piglets (group A), a full thickness defect was created in the oesophagus without fully transecting the organ. The removed tissue was subsequently replaced with a patch of collagen-coated Vicryl mesh. Animals were killed at 4 weeks and in the five surviving piglets the prosthesis had been replaced by host scar tissue with a normal epithelial lining. Two further groups of six piglets (groups B and C) were used as controls. In group B the oesophagus was either partly transected (four animals) or completely transected (two animals) and an anastomosis was performed, whereas in group C a 2.5-cm length of oesophagus was removed so that the anastomosis was performed under tension. In group B, all six piglets survived, whereas in group C, where the anastomosis was performed under tension, only two piglets survived. Microscopic and macroscopic examination of all groups showed that the collagen-coated Vicryl prosthesis was replaced by scar tissue; moderate stenosis was observed in only one animal in group A. Collagen-coated Vicryl mesh may be used either to reinforce an anastomosis performed under tension or may find use in tubular form to bridge the gap between the two ends of the oesophagus to be joined. It is envisaged that such a material may find applications in the treatment of oesophageal atresia.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Effectiveness of geriatric rehabilitative care after fractures of the proximal femur in elderly women: a randomised clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare postoperative collaborative care between orthopaedic surgeons and physicians in geriatric medicine with routine orthopaedic care in elderly women with proximal femoral fracture. DESIGN: Exclusion of patients dying before fit enough to enter trial, those with pathological fractures, those likely to be discharged within seven days of entering the trial, and those remaining unfit for transfer to a peripheral hospital. Remainder allocated to two groups: treatment group and control group. SETTING: District hospital acute admission ward and rehabilitation ward. PATIENTS: 144 sequentially admitted elderly women with proximal fracture of the femur; 36 excluded on above criteria and remainder entered into trial. INTERVENTION: Both treatment and control groups (n = 54 in each) received physiotherapy and other services. The treatment group also received thrice weekly supervision by a geriatrician. END POINTS: Physical independence, residence after discharge, and length of hospital stay. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At discharge significantly more patients in treatment group were independent in terms of activities of daily living than controls (41 v 25) and their median stay was 24 days (range 8-197) compared with 41 (9-365) (95% confidence intervals for difference 2 to 25). Significantly fewer treatment patients were discharged to institutional care (10% v 32%; 95% confidence interval for difference 6% to 37%) and more to their own homes (63% v 38%; 95% confidence interval for difference 6% to 44%). These beneficial effects were consistent across a range of ages and mental state. CONCLUSIONS: Both hospital and patient benefited when postoperative rehabilitation was provided in a setting specialising in such care for elderly patients with trauma.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Targeting of porin to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. Rate of trimer assembly and identification of a dimer intermediate.

Porin, a transmembrane protein in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, exists in a trimeric structure which is not dissociated during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 25 degrees C. This unusual stability was utilized in the study of the conformational changes which accompany the targeting of porin to the outer membrane. A delay of 16-44 s between completion of synthesis of a monomer and its assembly into a trimer was found from the ratio of monomers to trimers found in exponentially growing cells. Pulse-chase experiments showed that rapid processing of precursor OmpF molecules was followed by assembly into sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant oligomers with a half-time of 20 s at 30 degrees C. An intermediate in assembly was isolated by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis below 10 degrees C and was identified as a metastable dimer.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Exercise and platelet intracellular free calcium concentration.

1. A positive correlation between blood pressure and platelet intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) has been reported. We examined the effect of acute changes in blood pressure associated with exercise on platelet [Ca2+]i. 2. Twenty-one subjects had blood pressure and heart rate readings taken after 60 min rest, and subjects were then exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 120 W for 30 min. Blood pressure and heart rate readings were repeated immediately after exercise, 30 min after exercise, and then after a further hour. Blood samples were taken after each set of blood pressure and heart rate readings for catecholamine, lactate and platelet [Ca2+]i estimations. 3. There were significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma lactate and catecholamine levels during the course of the study. There were no significant changes in platelet [Ca2+]i. 4. These results suggest that the acute blood pressure changes related to exercise are not associated with a change in platelet [Ca2+]i.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Animal evaluation of a new pericardial bioprosthetic heart valve.

Implantation in animals is an essential step in the evaluation of any new prosthetic heart valve before commencing clinical trials. A new three-leaflet pericardial bioprosthesis developed in Glasgow has been implanted in the mitral position in ten sheep and eight dogs. Eleven animals were electively killed after 3 months of observation and explanted valves were in good condition. Hydrodynamic tests of the explanted valves showed small changes in function compared to tests prior to implantation. This was mainly due to host tissue ingrowth over the edge of the leaflets. Histological studies confirmed good preservation of the pericardial tissue in explanted valves.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Varicella-zoster infection in adult cancer patients. A population study.

In a retrospective review of varicella-zoster (V-Z) Infections in adult cancer patients, 766 episodes of V-Z Infection were studied among 740 patients seen at a large comprehensive cancer center from 1972 to 1980. The highest risk of infection was present among patients with lymphoma and leukemia. The risk of dissemination of V-Z Infection was significantly associated with the presence of active tumor at the time of Infection. The site of the primary tumor correlated with the site of subsequent zoster Infection among patients with breast cancer, cancer of the respiratory tract, and gynecologic cancer. Pain attributable to V-Z Infection was present in a large majority of episodes. The median time from the completion of therapy to the onset of Infection was seven months for patients receiving radiotherapy and less than one month for those receiving chemotherapy. Various attributes of this study group were compared with those of previously studied cancer and noncancer populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Capsaicin and blood-brain barrier permeability.

The influence of perivascular sensory afferent nerve fibres upon the permeability of the blood-brain barrier was examined in halothane-anaesthetised rats. Blood-brain barrier permeability was assessed by the rate of transfer of the small neutral amino acid, [14C]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, from blood to brain and by gross extravasation of Evans blue albumin. In every brain area examined, the acute administration of capsaicin (0.15-5 mumol/kg, i.v.) failed to alter significantly the passage into the brain of the small neutral amino acid tracer or to effect dye extravasation. Capsaicin, at concentrations which cause the release of vasoactive neuropeptides from nerve endings and increase vascular permeability in peripheral tissues, does not increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

Aminoisobutyric Acids↗
PubMed1987

A simple method for preparing prometaphase chromosomes from amniotic fluid cell cultures.

A simple method for preparing prometaphase chromosomes from amniotic fluid cell cultures is described. The technique is based upon several key steps including: (1) reduced colcemid concentration, (2) reduced exposure to trypsin-EDTA, and (3) maintaining cells in single suspension by adjusting cell concentration appropriately. Chromosomes with banding resolution up to 800 bands per haploid set can be routinely produced. The described methodology is particularly useful in defining and establishing the clinical significance of subtle structural aberrations.

Amniotic Fluid↗