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Biomedical subjects

J Reich

Publications and source records attributed to J Reich.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Anxiety symptoms distinguishing social phobia from panic and generalized anxiety disorders.

Social phobic (N = 14), generalized anxiety disorder (N = 18), and panic disorder patients (N = 48) were compared on four categories of anxiety symptoms: autonomic hyperactivity, muscular tension, vigilance, and apprehensive expectation. Six specific symptoms (palpitations, chest pains, tinnitus, blurred vision, headaches, fear of dying, and dry mouth) distinguished social phobia from panic disorder, while four (headaches, fear of dying, sweating, and dyspnea) distinguished social phobia from generalized anxiety disorder. Most symptom differences were in the autonomic hyperactivity category of symptoms. These findings further confirm the validity of social phobia as a distinct disorder and may help provide specific target symptoms for the treatment of related but different anxiety disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A pilot study of treatment of social phobia with alprazolam.

Fourteen patients with DSM-III social phobia were treated with alprazolam in an open study. Multiple measures of symptoms and disability showed significant improvement. The symptoms improved during the first and second weeks, and disability improved at 3 weeks and beyond. After medication withdrawal the symptom and disability measures were no longer significantly different from those at baseline.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Architecture of research in psychiatry, 1953 to 1983.

Although there has been one report on the trends in study design in general medicine, we are aware of none for general psychiatry prior to this communication. Accordingly, articles from the American Journal of Psychiatry (N = 194) and the Archives (N = 109) were randomly sampled for the years 1953, 1963, 1973, and 1983. Two raters achieved reliability (kappa = .82) for recognizing the major types of study design (cohort, clinical trial, case control, cross sectional, case report, and review). There was a significant change in study architecture over time, with the percentage of review articles declining and the percentage of case-control and cross-sectional studies increasing. Another major finding was a large increase in use of inclusion and exclusion criteria for diagnosis in non-review article studies. The general trends are for increasingly sophisticated research designs to be used in psychiatry research. The quality of research designs in psychiatry for 1983 also compares favorably with research designs found in a respected medicine journal.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of mutation induction and unchanged mutational specificity in Escherichia coli K12 overproducing the RecA protein.

Induced mutagenesis was studied in Escherichia coli K12 cells in relation to the level of RecA-protein (P-RecA). In experiments strains AB2497, AB2497(pBR322) and AB2497(pX02) were used. The multicopy plasmid pX02 is a recombinant of pBR322 and recA+ gene of E. coli K12. Cells carrying this plasmid overproduce the P-RecA constitutively. Mutagenesis was induced by the decay of incorporated 6-3H-thymidine. Mutations of the argE3 (ochre) to Arg+ prototrophy were followed. Besides the frequency of mutations, mutagenic specificity was determined. In cells AB2497(pX02) which overproduce the P-RecA the yield of Arg+ revertants was markedly reduced compared with that in strains AB2497 or AB2497(pBR322), whereas the mutagenic specificity was not changed. In all the strains studied the predominant type of mutation produced was the base substitution in the A:T base pair.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of DSM-III-R self-defeating (masochistic) personality disorder in normal and outpatient populations.

The prevalence of DSM-III-R self defeating (masochistic) personality disorder was determined on an outpatient population (N = 82) and a normal population (N = 40) using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ). Fifteen (18.3%) of the outpatients and two (5%) of normals were assessed as having the disorder. Overlap of greater than 50% with borderline, avoidant, and dependent personality disorders was found. Validation of masochistic personality disorder will require it to be of value in research and clinically in ways distinct from the other personality disorders with which it is associated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Personality of panic disorder alcohol abusers.

Seventeen (28%) of 61 panic disorder patients in a drug treatment study were retrospectively found to have a history of alcoholism (none had abused alcohol in the past year), More men than women had a history of alcohol abuse (p less than .03). Alcohol patients were less independent and less able to recognize appropriate social cues on personality testing. There was significant improvement in general anxiety for the drug treatment and nonalcoholic placebo group but not for the alcohol placebo group. This indicates a superior response to supportive therapy for general anxiety in the placebo group without an alcohol abuse history compared with the placebo group with an alcohol abuse history.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

State and personality in depressed and panic patients.

The authors examined 36 patients with panic disorder, 66 patients with major depression, and 124 control subjects to determine personality differences between them in the ill and the recovered states. The panic and depressed groups did not differ from each other in either state. Both recovered groups had less emotional strength and greater interpersonal dependency than the control subjects. The effect of state on personality measures appears to be similar for anxious and depressed patients. No personality measures that clearly differentiated the recovered panic and depressed patients were found.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Dependent personality disorder associated with phobic avoidance in patients with panic disorder.

Eighty-eight panic disorder patients were divided into three groups according to the extent of their phobic avoidance (none, limited, or extensive). These groups were compared on three personality disorder instruments: the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire, and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. Phobic patients were found to have significantly more dependent personality disorder and DSM-III third-cluster personality disorders than nonphobic patients. A subgroup of patients with social phobic symptoms was found to resemble the rest of the phobic group in terms of personality.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sex distribution of DSM-III personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients.

The author determined the sex distribution of 170 outpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of personality disorder measured by standardized instruments and compared his findings with DSM-III predictions. They confirmed the prediction of more women diagnosed as having histrionic personality disorder and more men diagnosed as having paranoid, compulsive, and antisocial personality disorders. The predicted excess of women diagnosed as having borderline and dependent personality disorders was not confirmed.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1987

DSM-III personality disorder clusters in three populations.

DSM-III personality disorder clusters had not previously been tested for their ability to distinguish between different population groups. A major obstacle - different demographic characteristics of different populations - was overcome by using logistic regression. Three out-patient psychiatric referral groups (chronic pain, disability applicants and competency to stand trial) provided subjects; adjustments were made for age, race, sex and education. The groups were significantly different in the adjusted prevalence of DSM-III personality disorder clusters. Clinical association between personality disorder and drug or alcohol abuse was again confirmed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

Transfer of Drosophila melanogaster transponsable genetic element mdg-4 into plant cells.

The copia-like element mdg-4, as a component of the Drosophila genomic fragment Dm111, was cloned into the vector pIB16. The chimaeric plasmid pIB16 [Dm111] was used to transform tobacco cells as a cointegrate with pTiC58 (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), pTiC58::pIB16 [Dm111]. The growth properties of primary crown-gall tumours were followed, and the DNA of one Nicotiana tabacum transformant was further analysed. The DNA/DNA molecular hybridization of digests of genomic DNA with 32P-labelled pDm111 probe demonstrated full-length insertion of Dm111 into N. tabacum genome. We were not able to detect any common sequence with Dm111 in untransformed tobacco cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Personality disorders.

Research into personality disorders has accelerated with the publication of the DSM-III--consistent personality descriptions. The significance of these disorders for psychiatric treatment and present measurement problems are discussed. This article also examines familial tendencies, prevalence of personality disorders, and gives a brief overview of treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of psychiatric diagnoses in three populations.

This report examines the differing types of psychiatric diagnoses served by different institutions as a result of differing social or institutional forces. Four-hundred-eighty-eight emotionally disturbed subjects from three different groups (competency to stand trial, chronic pain, and social security disability (SSI) applicants) were compared across psychiatric diagnostic categories. After adjusting for age, race, sex, education and marital status significant differences were found in the categories of affective disorders, schizophrenia, personality disorders and drug abuse. Interaction between institution and diagnosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

SOS induction of the gene sulA is partly inhibited in Escherichia coli K12 cells overproducing the RecA protein.

A study was made of the SOS induction of the gene sulA of Escherichia coli K12 in relation to the gene dosage of the gene recA. In experiments the sulA::lacZ fusion strain PQ37 and derivatives of PQ37 with the multi-copy plasmids pDR1453 or pBR322 were used. The SOS response was induced with nitrofurantoin, SOS induction of the gene sulA was determined on the basis of the amount of beta-galactosidase synthesized, i.e. by the SOS chromotest (Quillardet et al., 1982a). It was found in this work that cells with the plasmid pDR1453, which contain the gene recA of E. coli K12 (Sancar and Rupp, 1979), have a decreased SOS induction of the gene sulA. Cells with the plasmid pBR322 do not exhibit this decrease. Inactivation of the gene recA in the plasmid pDR1453 with preservation of the functional gene recA in the chromosome leads to a restoration of 'standard' SOS induction of the gene sulA. The results show that the amount of the gene product of the gene recA affects the SOS induction of the gene sulA.

DNA Repair↗
PubMed1986

The epidemiology of anxiety.

In a literature review the best estimates for prevalence of anxiety disorders were determined to be 3% for panic, 6% for agoraphobia, 3% for generalized anxiety, 2.5% for simple phobia, and 1.5% for social phobia. Anxiety disorders tended to have a 2:1 female preponderance. Age of onset was 17 years for social and simple phobia, 22 years for generalized anxiety, and 26 years for panic and agoraphobia. Simple phobia was found to respond best to behavioral treatment and to have a good prognosis. Panic and agoraphobia were found to be familial, to have a chronic course, and to respond best to a combination of pharmacological and behavioral treatment.

Adolescent↗